Global HCM Suite Application Market Size, Status and Forecast 2020-2026
Table of Contents1 Report Overview
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.3 Market Analysis by Type
1.3.1 Global HCM Suite Application Market Size Growth Rate by Type: 2020 VS 2026
1.3.2 Cloud-based
1.3.3 On-premises
1.4 Market by Application
1.4.1 Global HCM Suite Application Market Share by Application: 2020 VS 2026
1.4.2 Manufacturing
1.4.3 Retail
1.4.4 Financial
1.4.5 Government
1.4.6 Others
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Global HCM Suite Application Market Perspective (2015-2026)
2.2 HCM Suite Application Growth Trends by Regions
2.2.1 HCM Suite Application Market Size by Regions: 2015 VS 2020 VS 2026
2.2.2 HCM Suite Application Historic Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
2.2.3 HCM Suite Application Forecasted Market Size by Regions (2021-2026)
2.3 HCM Suite Application Industry Dynamic
2.3.1 HCM Suite Application Market Trends
2.3.2 HCM Suite Application Market Drivers
2.3.3 HCM Suite Application Market Challenges
2.3.4 HCM Suite Application Market Restraints
3 Competition Landscape by Key Players
3.1 Global Top HCM Suite Application Players by Market Size
3.1.1 Global Top HCM Suite Application Players by Revenue (2015-2020)
3.1.2 Global HCM Suite Application Revenue Market Share by Players (2015-2020)
3.2 Global HCM Suite Application Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
3.3 Players Covered: Ranking by HCM Suite Application Revenue
3.4 Global HCM Suite Application Market Concentration Ratio
3.4.1 Global HCM Suite Application Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.4.2 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by HCM Suite Application Revenue in 2019
3.5 Key Players HCM Suite Application Area Served
3.6 Key Players HCM Suite Application Product Solution and Service
3.7 Date of Enter into HCM Suite Application Market
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 HCM Suite Application Breakdown Data by Type
4.1 Global HCM Suite Application Historic Market Size by Type (2015-2020)
4.2 Global HCM Suite Application Forecasted Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
5 HCM Suite Application Breakdown Data by Application
5.1 Global HCM Suite Application Historic Market Size by Application (2015-2020)
5.2 Global HCM Suite Application Forecasted Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
6 North America
6.1 North America HCM Suite Application Market Size (2015-2026)
6.2 North America HCM Suite Application Market Size by Type (2015-2020)
6.3 North America HCM Suite Application Market Size by Application (2015-2020)
6.4 North America HCM Suite Application Market Size by Country (2015-2020)
6.4.1 United States
6.4.2 Canada
7 Europe
7.1 Europe HCM Suite Application Market Size (2015-2026)
7.2 Europe HCM Suite Application Market Size by Type (2015-2020)
7.3 Europe HCM Suite Application Market Size by Application (2015-2020)
7.4 Europe HCM Suite Application Market Size by Country (2015-2020)
7.4.1 Germany
7.4.2 France
7.4.3 U.K.
7.4.4 Italy
7.4.5 Russia
7.4.6 Nordic
8 Asia-Pacific
8.1 Asia-Pacific HCM Suite Application Market Size (2015-2026)
8.2 Asia-Pacific HCM Suite Application Market Size by Type (2015-2020)
8.3 Asia-Pacific HCM Suite Application Market Size by Application (2015-2020)
8.4 Asia-Pacific HCM Suite Application Market Size by Region (2015-2020)
8.4.1 China
8.4.2 Japan
8.4.3 South Korea
8.4.4 Southeast Asia
8.4.5 India
8.4.6 Australia
9 Latin America
9.1 Latin America HCM Suite Application Market Size (2015-2026)
9.2 Latin America HCM Suite Application Market Size by Type (2015-2020)
9.3 Latin America HCM Suite Application Market Size by Application (2015-2020)
9.4 Latin America HCM Suite Application Market Size by Country (2015-2020)
9.4.1 Mexico
9.4.2 Brazil
10 Middle East & Africa
10.1 Middle East & Africa HCM Suite Application Market Size (2015-2026)
10.2 Middle East & Africa HCM Suite Application Market Size by Type (2015-2020)
10.3 Middle East & Africa HCM Suite Application Market Size by Application (2015-2020)
10.4 Middle East & Africa HCM Suite Application Market Size by Country (2015-2020)
10.4.1 Turkey
10.4.2 Saudi Arabia
10.4.3 UAE
11Key Players Profiles
11.1 Workday
11.1.1 Workday Company Details
11.1.2 Workday Business Overview
11.1.3 Workday HCM Suite Application Introduction
11.1.4 Workday Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020))
11.1.5 Workday Recent Development
11.2 Oracle
11.2.1 Oracle Company Details
11.2.2 Oracle Business Overview
11.2.3 Oracle HCM Suite Application Introduction
11.2.4 Oracle Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
11.2.5 Oracle Recent Development
11.3 SAP
11.3.1 SAP Company Details
11.3.2 SAP Business Overview
11.3.3 SAP HCM Suite Application Introduction
11.3.4 SAP Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
11.3.5 SAP Recent Development
11.4 Ceridian
11.4.1 Ceridian Company Details
11.4.2 Ceridian Business Overview
11.4.3 Ceridian HCM Suite Application Introduction
11.4.4 Ceridian Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
11.4.5 Ceridian Recent Development
11.5 ADP
11.5.1 ADP Company Details
11.5.2 ADP Business Overview
11.5.3 ADP HCM Suite Application Introduction
11.5.4 ADP Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
11.5.5 ADP Recent Development
11.6 Kronos
11.6.1 Kronos Company Details
11.6.2 Kronos Business Overview
11.6.3 Kronos HCM Suite Application Introduction
11.6.4 Kronos Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
11.6.5 Kronos Recent Development
11.7 Globoforce
11.7.1 Globoforce Company Details
11.7.2 Globoforce Business Overview
11.7.3 Globoforce HCM Suite Application Introduction
11.7.4 Globoforce Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
11.7.5 Globoforce Recent Development
11.8 Skillsoft SumTotal
11.8.1 Skillsoft SumTotal Company Details
11.8.2 Skillsoft SumTotal Business Overview
11.8.3 Skillsoft SumTotal HCM Suite Application Introduction
11.8.4 Skillsoft SumTotal Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
11.8.5 Skillsoft SumTotal Recent Development
11.9 FinancialForce
11.9.1 FinancialForce Company Details
11.9.2 FinancialForce Business Overview
11.9.3 FinancialForce HCM Suite Application Introduction
11.9.4 FinancialForce Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
11.9.5 FinancialForce Recent Development
11.10 GE API Healthcare
11.10.1 GE API Healthcare Company Details
11.10.2 GE API Healthcare Business Overview
11.10.3 GE API Healthcare HCM Suite Application Introduction
11.10.4 GE API Healthcare Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
11.10.5 GE API Healthcare Recent Development
11.11 Infor
10.11.1 Infor Company Details
10.11.2 Infor Business Overview
10.11.3 Infor HCM Suite Application Introduction
10.11.4 Infor Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
10.11.5 Infor Recent Development
11.12 Ramco Systems
10.12.1 Ramco Systems Company Details
10.12.2 Ramco Systems Business Overview
10.12.3 Ramco Systems HCM Suite Application Introduction
10.12.4 Ramco Systems Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
10.12.5 Ramco Systems Recent Development
11.13 Unit4
10.13.1 Unit4 Company Details
10.13.2 Unit4 Business Overview
10.13.3 Unit4 HCM Suite Application Introduction
10.13.4 Unit4 Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
10.13.5 Unit4 Recent Development
11.14 Paycor
10.14.1 Paycor Company Details
10.14.2 Paycor Business Overview
10.14.3 Paycor HCM Suite Application Introduction
10.14.4 Paycor Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
10.14.5 Paycor Recent Development
11.15 ZingHR
10.15.1 ZingHR Company Details
10.15.2 ZingHR Business Overview
10.15.3 ZingHR HCM Suite Application Introduction
10.15.4 ZingHR Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
10.15.5 ZingHR Recent Development
11.16 Sopra Steria
10.16.1 Sopra Steria Company Details
10.16.2 Sopra Steria Business Overview
10.16.3 Sopra Steria HCM Suite Application Introduction
10.16.4 Sopra Steria Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
10.16.5 Sopra Steria Recent Development
11.17 NGA Human Resources
10.17.1 NGA Human Resources Company Details
10.17.2 NGA Human Resources Business Overview
10.17.3 NGA Human Resources HCM Suite Application Introduction
10.17.4 NGA Human Resources Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
10.17.5 NGA Human Resources Recent Development
12Analyst's Viewpoints/Conclusions
13Appendix
13.1 Research Methodology
13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.2 Data Source
13.2 Disclaimer
13.3 Author Details
List of TablesTable 1. Global HCM Suite Application Market Size Growth Rate by Type (US$ Million): 2020 VS 2026
Table 2. Key Players of Cloud-based
Table 3. Key Players of On-premises
Table 4. Global HCM Suite Application Market Size Growth by Application (US$ Million): 2020 VS 2026
Table 5. Global HCM Suite Application Market Size by Regions (US$ Million): 2020 VS 2026
Table 6. Global HCM Suite Application Market Size by Regions (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 7. Global HCM Suite Application Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Table 8. Global HCM Suite Application Forecasted Market Size by Regions (2021-2026) (US$ Million)
Table 9. Global HCM Suite Application Market Share by Regions (2021-2026)
Table 10. HCM Suite Application Market Market Trends
Table 11. HCM Suite Application Market Drivers
Table 12. HCM Suite Application Market Challenges
Table 13. HCM Suite Application Market Restraints
Table 14. Global HCM Suite Application Revenue by Players (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 15. Global HCM Suite Application Market Share by Players (2015-2020)
Table 16. Global Top HCM Suite Application Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) (based on the Revenue in HCM Suite Application as of 2019)
Table 17. Global HCM Suite Application by Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 18. Key Players Headquarters and Area Served
Table 19. Key Players HCM Suite Application Product Solution and Service
Table 20. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 21. Global HCM Suite Application Market Size by Type (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 22. Global HCM Suite Application Revenue Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 23. Global HCM Suite Application Forecasted Market Size by Type (2021-2026) (US$ Million)
Table 24. Global HCM Suite Application Market Size Share by Application (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 25. Global HCM Suite Application Revenue Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 26. Global HCM Suite Application Forecasted Market Size by Application (2021-2026) (US$ Million)
Table 27. North America HCM Suite Application Market Size by Type (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 28. North America HCM Suite Application Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 29. North America HCM Suite Application Market Size by Application (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 30. North America HCM Suite Application Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 31. North America HCM Suite Application Market Size by Country (US$ Million) (2015-2020)
Table 32. North America HCM Suite Application Market Share by Country (2015-2020)
Table 33. Europe HCM Suite Application Market Size by Type (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 34. Europe HCM Suite Application Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 35. Europe HCM Suite Application Market Size by Application (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 36. Europe HCM Suite Application Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 37. Europe HCM Suite Application Market Size by Country (US$ Million) (2015-2020)
Table 38. Europe HCM Suite Application Market Share by Country (2015-2020)
Table 39. Asia-Pacific HCM Suite Application Market Size by Type (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 40. Asia-Pacific HCM Suite Application Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 41. Asia-Pacific HCM Suite Application Market Size by Application (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 42. Asia-Pacific HCM Suite Application Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 43. Asia-Pacific HCM Suite Application Market Size by Region (US$ Million) (2015-2020)
Table 44. Asia-Pacific HCM Suite Application Market Share by Region (2015-2020)
Table 45. Latin America HCM Suite Application Market Size by Type (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 46. Latin America HCM Suite Application Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 47. Latin America HCM Suite Application Market Size by Application (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 48. Latin America HCM Suite Application Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 49. Latin America HCM Suite Application Market Size by Country (US$ Million) (2015-2020)
Table 50. Latin America HCM Suite Application Market Share by Country (2015-2020)
Table 51. Middle East & Africa HCM Suite Application Market Size by Type (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 52. Middle East & Africa HCM Suite Application Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 53. Middle East & Africa HCM Suite Application Market Size by Application (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 54. Middle East & Africa HCM Suite Application Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 55. Middle East & Africa HCM Suite Application Market Size by Country (US$ Million) (2015-2020)
Table 56. Middle East & Africa HCM Suite Application Market Share by Country (2015-2020)
Table 57. Workday Company Details
Table 58. Workday Business Overview
Table 59. Workday HCM Suite Application Product
Table 60. Workday Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 61. Workday Recent Development
Table 62. Oracle Company Details
Table 63. Oracle Business Overview
Table 64. Oracle HCM Suite Application Product
Table 65. Oracle Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 66. Oracle Recent Development
Table 67. SAP Company Details
Table 68. SAP Business Overview
Table 69. SAP HCM Suite Application Product
Table 70. SAP Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 71. SAP Recent Development
Table 72. Ceridian Company Details
Table 73. Ceridian Business Overview
Table 74. Ceridian HCM Suite Application Product
Table 75. Ceridian Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 76. Ceridian Recent Development
Table 77. ADP Company Details
Table 78. ADP Business Overview
Table 79. ADP HCM Suite Application Product
Table 80. ADP Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 81. ADP Recent Development
Table 82. Kronos Company Details
Table 83. Kronos Business Overview
Table 84. Kronos HCM Suite Application Product
Table 85. Kronos Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 86. Kronos Recent Development
Table 87. Globoforce Company Details
Table 88. Globoforce Business Overview
Table 89. Globoforce HCM Suite Application Product
Table 90. Globoforce Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 91. Globoforce Recent Development
Table 92. Skillsoft SumTotal Business Overview
Table 93. Skillsoft SumTotal HCM Suite Application Product
Table 94. Skillsoft SumTotal Company Details
Table 95. Skillsoft SumTotal Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 96. Skillsoft SumTotal Recent Development
Table 97. FinancialForce Company Details
Table 98. FinancialForce Business Overview
Table 99. FinancialForce HCM Suite Application Product
Table 100. FinancialForce Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 101. FinancialForce Recent Development
Table 102. GE API Healthcare Company Details
Table 103. GE API Healthcare Business Overview
Table 104. GE API Healthcare HCM Suite Application Product
Table 105. GE API Healthcare Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 106. GE API Healthcare Recent Development
Table 107. Infor Company Details
Table 108. Infor Business Overview
Table 109. Infor HCM Suite Application Product
Table 110. Infor Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 111. Infor Recent Development
Table 112. Ramco Systems Company Details
Table 113. Ramco Systems Business Overview
Table 114. Ramco Systems HCM Suite Application Product
Table 115. Ramco Systems Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 116. Ramco Systems Recent Development
Table 117. Unit4 Company Details
Table 118. Unit4 Business Overview
Table 119. Unit4 HCM Suite Application Product
Table 120. Unit4 Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 121. Unit4 Recent Development
Table 122. Paycor Company Details
Table 123. Paycor Business Overview
Table 124. Paycor HCM Suite Application Product
Table 125. Paycor Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 126. Paycor Recent Development
Table 127. ZingHR Company Details
Table 128. ZingHR Business Overview
Table 129. ZingHR HCM Suite Application Product
Table 130. ZingHR Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 131. ZingHR Recent Development
Table 132. Sopra Steria Company Details
Table 133. Sopra Steria Business Overview
Table 134. Sopra Steria HCM Suite Application Product
Table 135. Sopra Steria Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 136. Sopra Steria Recent Development
Table 137. NGA Human Resources Company Details
Table 138. NGA Human Resources Business Overview
Table 139. NGA Human Resources HCM Suite Application Product
Table 140. NGA Human Resources Revenue in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020) (US$ Million)
Table 141. NGA Human Resources Recent Development
Table 142. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 143. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 144. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of FiguresFigure 1. Global HCM Suite Application Market Share by Type: 2020 VS 2026
Figure 2. Cloud-based Features
Figure 3. On-premises Features
Figure 4. Global HCM Suite Application Market Share by Application: 2020 VS 2026
Figure 5. Manufacturing Case Studies
Figure 6. Retail Case Studies
Figure 7. Financial Case Studies
Figure 8. Government Case Studies
Figure 9. Others Case Studies
Figure 10. HCM Suite Application Report Years Considered
Figure 11. Global HCM Suite Application Market Size (US$ Million), YoY Growth 2015-2026
Figure 12. Global HCM Suite Application Market Share by Regions: 2020 VS 2026
Figure 13. Global HCM Suite Application Market Share by Regions (2021-2026)
Figure 14. Global HCM Suite Application Market Share by Players in 2019
Figure 15. Global Top HCM Suite Application Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) (based on the Revenue in HCM Suite Application as of 2019
Figure 16. The Top 10 and 5 Players Market Share by HCM Suite Application Revenue in 2019
Figure 17. North America HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 18. United States HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 19. Canada HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 20. Europe HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 21. Germany HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 22. France HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 23. U.K. HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 24. Italy HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 25. Russia HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 26. Nordic HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 27. Asia-Pacific HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 28. China HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 29. Japan HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 30. South Korea HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 31. Southeast Asia HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 32. India HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 33. Australia HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 34. Rest of Asia-Pacific HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 35. Latin America HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 36. Mexico HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 37. Brazil HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 38. Middle East & Africa HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 39. Turkey HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 40. Saudi Arabia HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 41. UAE HCM Suite Application Market Size YoY Growth (2015-2026) & (US$ Million)
Figure 42. Workday Revenue Growth Rate in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
Figure 43. Oracle Revenue Growth Rate in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
Figure 44. SAP Revenue Growth Rate in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
Figure 45. Ceridian Revenue Growth Rate in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
Figure 46. ADP Revenue Growth Rate in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
Figure 47. Kronos Revenue Growth Rate in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
Figure 48. Globoforce Revenue Growth Rate in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
Figure 49. Skillsoft SumTotal Revenue Growth Rate in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
Figure 50. FinancialForce Revenue Growth Rate in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
Figure 51. GE API Healthcare Revenue Growth Rate in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
Figure 52. Infor Revenue Growth Rate in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
Figure 53. Ramco Systems Revenue Growth Rate in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
Figure 54. Unit4 Revenue Growth Rate in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
Figure 55. Paycor Revenue Growth Rate in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
Figure 56. ZingHR Revenue Growth Rate in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
Figure 57. Sopra Steria Revenue Growth Rate in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
Figure 58. NGA Human Resources Revenue Growth Rate in HCM Suite Application Business (2015-2020)
Figure 59. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 60. Data Triangulation
Figure 61. Key Executives Interviewed