The Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Network Ecosystem: 2023 - 2030 - Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts

The Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Network Ecosystem: 2023 - 2030 - Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts

Table of Contents

1 Chapter 1: Introduction 37
1.1 Executive Summary 37
1.2 Topics Covered 40
1.3 Forecast Segmentation 41
1.4 Key Questions Answered 43
1.5 Key Findings 44
1.6 Methodology 48
1.7 Target Audience 49
1.8 Companies & Organizations Mentioned 50

2 Chapter 2: An Overview of Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Networks 56
2.1 Spectrum: The Lifeblood of the Wireless Communications Industry 56
2.1.1 Traditional Exclusive-Use Licensed Spectrum 56
2.1.2 Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum 56
2.2 Why Utilize Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum for LTE/5G Networks? 57
2.2.1 Alleviating Capacity Constraints on Mobile Operator Spectrum 57
2.2.2 New Business Models: Neutral Host, Enterprise & Private Cellular Networks 57
2.2.3 Resurgence of FWA (Fixed Wireless Access) Services 58
2.3 How Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum Differs From Traditional Licensed Frequencies 58
2.3.1 Exclusive vs. Shared Use 58
2.3.2 License Fees & Validity 58
2.3.3 Network Buildout & Service Obligations 59
2.3.4 Power Limits & Other Restrictions 59
2.4 Common Approaches to the Utilization of Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum 59
2.4.1 Coordinated Sharing of Licensed Spectrum 60
2.4.1.1 Authorized Sharing of Licensed Spectrum 60
2.4.1.2 Sub-Leasing of Unused Mobile Operator Frequencies 60
2.4.1.3 Light Licensing 60
2.4.1.4 Local Area Licenses 60
2.4.1.5 Concurrent Shared Access 61
2.4.2 License-Exempt (Unlicensed) Operation 61
2.4.2.1 Dedicated Unlicensed Bands 61
2.4.2.2 Opportunistic Unlicensed Access 61
2.4.3 Database-Assisted Spectrum Coordination 62
2.4.3.1 Manual Coordination 62
2.4.3.2 Semi-Automated Coordination 62
2.4.3.3 Automated Coordination 62
2.4.3.4 DSA (Dynamic Spectrum Access) 62
2.5 The Value Chain of Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Networks 63
2.5.1 Semiconductor & Enabling Technology Specialists 63
2.5.2 Terminal OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) 64
2.5.3 5G NR & LTE Infrastructure Suppliers 64
2.5.4 Service Providers 64
2.5.4.1 Public Mobile Operators 64
2.5.4.2 MVNOs (Mobile Virtual Network Operators) 65
2.5.4.3 Fixed-Line Service Providers 65
2.5.4.4 Neutral Hosts 65
2.5.4.5 Private 5G/4G Network Operators 66
2.5.4.6 Towercos (Tower Companies) 66
2.5.4.7 Cloud & Edge Platform Providers 66
2.5.5 End Users 67
2.5.5.1 Consumers 67
2.5.5.2 Enterprises & Vertical Industries 67
2.5.6 Other Ecosystem Players 67
2.6 Market Drivers 68
2.6.1 Continued Growth of Mobile Data Traffic 68
2.6.2 New Revenue Streams: FWA, IoT & Vertical-Focused Services 69
2.6.3 Private & Neutral Host Network Deployments 70
2.6.4 Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum Availability 70
2.6.5 Lower Cost Network Equipment & Installation 71
2.6.6 Expanding Ecosystem of Compatible Devices 72
2.7 Market Barriers 72
2.7.1 Cell Site & Network Deployment Challenges 72
2.7.2 Restricted Coverage Due to Transmit Power Limits 73
2.7.3 Interference & Congestion Concerns in Unlicensed Bands 73
2.7.4 Resistance From Other Spectrum Users 73
2.7.5 Competition From Non-3GPP Technologies 73
2.7.6 Economic & Supply Chain-Related Factors 74

3 Chapter 3: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum Technologies 75
3.1 Coordinated Shared Spectrum Technologies 75
3.1.1 CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service): Three-Tiered Sharing 75
3.1.1.1 Dynamic Access to the 3.5 GHz Band in the United States 75
3.1.1.2 Tiers of Authorization 76
3.1.1.2.1 Tier 1 – Incumbent Access 76
3.1.1.2.2 Tier 2 – PALs (Priority Access Licenses) 77
3.1.1.2.3 Tier 3 – GAA (General Authorized Access) 77
3.1.1.3 CBRS System Architecture & Functional Elements 77
3.1.2 LSA (Licensed Shared Access): Two-Tiered Sharing 79
3.1.2.1 Database-Assisted Sharing of the 2.3 – 2.4 GHz Band in Europe 79
3.1.2.2 Functional Architecture of LSA Systems 80
3.1.2.3 eLSA (Evolved LSA): Frequency-Agnostic Sharing for Local Wireless Networks 81
3.1.3 AFC (Automated Frequency Coordination): License-Exempt Sharing 82
3.1.3.1 SP (Standard Power) Operation in the Unlicensed 6 GHz Band 82
3.1.3.2 AFC System Implementation Model & Architecture 82
3.1.4 Local Area Licensing of Shared Spectrum 83
3.1.4.1 Germany's 3.7 – 3.8 GHz & 26 GHz Licenses for 5G Campus Networks 83
3.1.4.2 United Kingdom's Shared & Local Access Licensing Model 83
3.1.4.3 France's Vertical Spectrum & Sub-Letting Arrangements 84
3.1.4.4 Netherlands' Geographically Restricted Mid-Band Spectrum Assignments 84
3.1.4.5 Switzerland's 3.4 – 3.5 GHz Band for NPNs (Non-Public Networks) 85
3.1.4.6 Finland's 2.3 GHz & 26 GHz Licenses for Local 4G/5G Networks 85
3.1.4.7 Sweden's 3.7 GHz & 26 GHz Local Permits for Mobile Services 85
3.1.4.8 Norway's Regulation of Local Networks in the 3.8 – 4.2 GHz Band 85
3.1.4.9 Poland's Spectrum Assignment for Local Government Units & Enterprises 85
3.1.4.10 Bahrain's 3.8 – 4.2 GHz Private 5G Network Licenses 86
3.1.4.11 Japan's 4.6 – 4.9 GHz & 28 GHz Local 5G Network Licenses 86
3.1.4.12 South Korea's e-Um 5G Allocations in the 4.7 GHz & 28 GHz Bands 86
3.1.4.13 Taiwan's Provision of 4.8 – 4.9 GHz Spectrum for Private 5G Networks 86
3.1.4.14 Hong Kong's LWBS (Localized Wireless Broadband System) Licenses 87
3.1.4.15 Australia's PTS (Public Telecommunications Service) & Area-Wide Apparatus Licenses 87
3.1.4.16 Canada's Planned NCL (Non-Competitive Local) Licensing Framework 87
3.1.4.17 Brazil's SLP (Private Limited Service) Licenses 87
3.1.4.18 Local Licensing Schemes in Other National Markets 88
3.1.5 Other Coordinated Shared Spectrum Technologies 88
3.2 LTE & 5G NR in Unlicensed Spectrum 89
3.2.1 LTE-U 89
3.2.1.1 Channel Selection 89
3.2.1.2 CSAT (Carrier Sensing Adaptive Transmission) 89
3.2.1.3 Opportunistic On-Off Switching 90
3.2.2 LAA (Licensed Assisted Access) 90
3.2.2.1 LBT (Listen Before Talk): Category 4 & Category 2 LBT 91
3.2.2.2 FS3 (Frame Structure Type 3) for Unlicensed Carriers 91
3.2.2.3 Other LAA Design & Operational Aspects 91
3.2.3 eLAA (Enhanced LAA) 92
3.2.4 FeLAA (Further Enhanced LAA) 92
3.2.5 MulteFire 92
3.2.5.1 Supported Unlicensed Bands 93
3.2.5.2 Building on 3GPP-Specified LAA & eLAA Functionality 93
3.2.5.3 Modifications for Standalone Operation Without Licensed Anchor 93
3.2.5.4 Neutral Host Access, Cellular IoT Optimizations & Additional Capabilities 93
3.2.6 Japan's sXGP (Shared Extended Global Platform) 94
3.2.6.1 License-Exempt Operation of 1.9 GHz Private LTE Networks 94
3.2.6.2 LBT for Coexistence With PHS & Other sXGP Networks 94
3.2.6.3 Possible Use of 1.9 GHz as an Anchor Band for Local 5G Networks 94
3.2.7 5G NR-U (NR in Unlicensed Spectrum) 95
3.2.7.1 Modes of Operation 96
3.2.7.1.1 Anchored NR-U 96
3.2.7.1.2 Standalone NR-U 96
3.2.7.2 LBT-Based Channel Access 97
3.2.7.3 Air Interface Refinements for NR-U 97
3.2.7.4 Time-Synchronized NR-U & Future Developments 97

4 Chapter 4: Business Models, Use Cases & Applications 99
4.1 Business Models & Use Cases 99
4.1.1 Service Provider Networks 99
4.1.1.1 Mobile Network Densification & Buildouts 99
4.1.1.2 FWA (Fixed Wireless Access) Broadband 100
4.1.1.3 Mobile Networks for Cable Operators & New Entrants 101
4.1.2 Neutral Host Networks 101
4.1.2.1 Indoor Spaces 102
4.1.2.2 Large Public Venues 102
4.1.2.3 Transport Hubs & Corridors 103
4.1.2.4 High-Density Urban Settings 103
4.1.2.5 Remote & Rural Coverage 103
4.1.3 Private Cellular Networks/NPNs (Non-Public Networks) 104
4.1.3.1 Offices, Buildings & Corporate Campuses 104
4.1.3.2 Vertical Industries 105
4.1.3.2.1 Education 105
4.1.3.2.2 Governments & Municipalities 105
4.1.3.2.3 Healthcare 106
4.1.3.2.4 Manufacturing 106
4.1.3.2.5 Military 106
4.1.3.2.6 Mining 107
4.1.3.2.7 Oil & Gas 107
4.1.3.2.8 Retail & Hospitality 108
4.1.3.2.9 Sports 108
4.1.3.2.10 Transportation 108
4.1.3.2.11 Utilities 109
4.1.3.2.12 Other Verticals 109
4.2 Applications 110
4.2.1 Mobile Broadband 110
4.2.2 Home & Business Broadband 110
4.2.3 Voice & Messaging Services 111
4.2.4 High-Definition Video Transmission 111
4.2.5 Telepresence & Video Conferencing 112
4.2.6 Multimedia Broadcasting & Multicasting 113
4.2.7 IoT (Internet of Things) Networking 113
4.2.8 Wireless Connectivity for Wearables 114
4.2.9 Untethered AR/VR/MR (Augmented, Virtual & Mixed Reality) 115
4.2.10 Real-Time Holographic Projections 116
4.2.11 Tactile Internet & Haptic Feedback 116
4.2.12 High-Precision Positioning & Tracking 117
4.2.13 Industrial Automation 117
4.2.14 Remote Control of Machines 118
4.2.15 Connected Mobile Robotics 119
4.2.16 Unmanned & Autonomous Vehicles 120
4.2.17 BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line-of-Sight) Operation of Drones 120
4.2.18 Data-Driven Analytics & Insights 121
4.2.19 Sensor-Equipped Digital Twins 122
4.2.20 Predictive Maintenance of Equipment 122

5 Chapter 5: Spectrum Availability, Allocation & Usage 124
5.1 Coordinated (Licensed) Shared Spectrum 124
5.1.1 1.8 GHz (1,710 – 1,880 MHz) 124
5.1.2 2.3 GHz (2,300 – 2,400 MHz) 124
5.1.3 2.6 GHz (2,570 – 2,620 MHz) 125
5.1.4 3.4 GHz (3,300 – 3,500 MHz) 125
5.1.5 3.5 GHz CBRS PAL Tier (3,550 – 3,650 MHz) 125
5.1.6 3.7 – 3.8 GHz (3,700 – 3,800 MHz) 126
5.1.7 3.8 – 4.2 GHz (3,800 – 4,200 MHz) 126
5.1.8 4.6 – 4.9 GHz (4,600 – 4,900 MHz) 127
5.1.9 26 GHz (24.25 – 27.5 GHz) 127
5.1.10 28 GHz (26.5 – 29.5 GHz) 128
5.1.11 37 GHz (37 – 37.6 GHz) 128
5.1.12 Other Bands 128
5.2 Unlicensed (License-Exempt) Spectrum 128
5.2.1 600 MHz TVWS & Sub-1 GHz Bands (470 – 790/800/900 MHz) 128
5.2.2 1.8 GHz DECT Guard Band (1,780 – 1,785 MHz / 1,875 – 1,880 MHz) 129
5.2.3 1.9 GHz sXGP Band (1,880 – 1,920 MHz) 129
5.2.4 2.4 GHz (2,400 – 2,483.5 MHz) 130
5.2.5 3.5 GHz CBRS GAA Tier (3,550 – 3,700 MHz) 130
5.2.6 5 GHz (5,150 – 5,925 MHz) 130
5.2.7 6 GHz (5,925 – 7,125 MHz) 131
5.2.8 60 GHz (57 – 71 GHz) 131
5.2.9 Other Bands 131
5.3 North America 132
5.3.1 United States 132
5.3.2 Canada 132
5.4 Asia Pacific 133
5.4.1 Australia 133
5.4.2 New Zealand 134
5.4.3 China 134
5.4.4 Hong Kong 135
5.4.5 Taiwan 135
5.4.6 Japan 136
5.4.7 South Korea 137
5.4.8 Singapore 137
5.4.9 Malaysia 138
5.4.10 Indonesia 138
5.4.11 Philippines 139
5.4.12 Thailand 139
5.4.13 Vietnam 139
5.4.14 Myanmar 139
5.4.15 India 140
5.4.16 Pakistan 140
5.4.17 Rest of Asia Pacific 141
5.5 Europe 141
5.5.1 United Kingdom 141
5.5.2 Ireland 142
5.5.3 France 142
5.5.4 Germany 143
5.5.5 Belgium 144
5.5.6 Netherlands 144
5.5.7 Switzerland 145
5.5.8 Austria 145
5.5.9 Italy 146
5.5.10 Spain 146
5.5.11 Portugal 147
5.5.12 Sweden 147
5.5.13 Norway 148
5.5.14 Denmark 148
5.5.15 Finland 149
5.5.16 Iceland 149
5.5.17 Estonia 149
5.5.18 Czech Republic 150
5.5.19 Poland 150
5.5.20 Ukraine 150
5.5.21 Türkiye 151
5.5.22 Greece 151
5.5.23 Bulgaria 151
5.5.24 Romania 152
5.5.25 Hungary 152
5.5.26 Slovenia 152
5.5.27 Croatia 153
5.5.28 Serbia 153
5.5.29 Russia 153
5.5.30 Belarus 153
5.5.31 Rest of Europe 154
5.6 Middle East & Africa 154
5.6.1 Saudi Arabia 154
5.6.2 United Arab Emirates 154
5.6.3 Qatar 155
5.6.4 Oman 155
5.6.5 Bahrain 155
5.6.6 Kuwait 156
5.6.7 Jordan 156
5.6.8 Israel 156
5.6.9 Egypt 157
5.6.10 Algeria 157
5.6.11 Morocco 157
5.6.12 Tunisia 157
5.6.13 South Africa 158
5.6.14 Kenya 158
5.6.15 Mauritius 158
5.6.16 Rest of the Middle East & Africa 158
5.7 Latin & Central America 159
5.7.1 Brazil 159
5.7.2 Mexico 159
5.7.3 Argentina 160
5.7.4 Colombia 160
5.7.5 Chile 160
5.7.6 Peru 161
5.7.7 Dominican Republic 161
5.7.8 Guatemala 162
5.7.9 El Salvador 162
5.7.10 Honduras 162
5.7.11 Costa Rica 162
5.7.12 Rest of Latin & Central America 163

6 Chapter 6: Standardization, Regulatory & Collaborative Initiatives 164
6.1 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) 164
6.1.1 Release 13: LAA for Downlink Operation 165
6.1.2 Release 14: eLAA, CBRS & LSA OAM 165
6.1.3 Release 15: FeLAA & 5G NR Air Interface 165
6.1.4 Release 16: 3GPP Support for 5G NR-U & NPNs 166
6.1.5 Release 17: NPN Refinements & Extension of Operation to 71 GHz 167
6.1.6 Release 18: Further Evolution of 5G NR in Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum 168
6.2 5G Campus Network Alliance 168
6.2.1 Supporting the Market Development of 5G Campus Networks in Germany 168
6.3 5GMF (Fifth Generation Mobile Communication Promotion Forum, Japan) 169
6.3.1 Initiatives Related to Local 5G Networks in Japan 169
6.4 AGURRE (Association of Major Users of Operational Radio Networks, France) 169
6.4.1 Spectrum Access, Regulatory Framework & Industrial Ecosystem for Private Mobile Networks 169
6.5 ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions) 170
6.5.1 Deployment & Operational Requirements of 5G-Based NPNs 170
6.5.2 IMSI Assignment & Management for CBRS Networks 170
6.5.3 Additional Shared Spectrum-Related Efforts 171
6.6 BTG (Dutch Association of Large-Scale ICT & Telecommunications Users) 171
6.6.1 KMBG (Dutch Critical Mobile Broadband Users) Expert Group 171
6.7 CEPT (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations) 172
6.7.1 ECC (Electronic Communications Committee): Operational Guidelines for Spectrum Sharing in Europe 172
6.8 CTIA 172
6.8.1 Involvement in OnGo Alliance's CBRS Product Certification Program 172
6.9 DSA (Dynamic Spectrum Alliance) 173
6.9.1 Advocacy Efforts for Unlicensed & Dynamic Access to Spectrum 173
6.10 ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) 173
6.10.1 RRS (Reconfigurable Radio Systems) Technical Committee: Technical Specifications for LSA & eLSA 174
6.10.1.1 LSA in the 2.3 GHz (2,300 – 2,400 MHz) Band 174
6.10.1.2 Frequency Agnostic eLSA for Local Wireless Networks 174
6.10.1.3 Other Work Related to Temporary & Flexible Spectrum Access 174
6.10.2 BRAN (Broadband Radio Access Networks) Technical Committee: Harmonized Standards for Wireless Access Systems 175
6.10.2.1 TVWSD (TV White Space Devices) in the 470 – 694 MHz Band 175
6.10.2.2 RLANs (Radio Local Area Networks) in the 5 GHz & 6 GHz Bands 175
6.10.2.3 Multi-Gigabit Wireless Systems in the 60 GHz (57 – 71 GHz) Band 175
6.11 EUWENA (European Users of Enterprise Wireless Networks Association) 176
6.11.1 Catalyzing the Wider Adoption of 3GPP-Based Private Networks 176
6.12 EWA (Enterprise Wireless Alliance) 176
6.12.1 Supporting the Private Wireless Industry in the United States 176
6.13 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) 177
6.13.1 Standards & Protocols for Interworking Between 3GPP & Unlicensed Technologies 177
6.14 ITU (International Telecommunication Union) 177
6.14.1 International Regulation of Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum 177
6.15 LTE-U Forum (Defunct) 178
6.15.1 Technical Specifications for LTE-U in Unlicensed 5 GHz Spectrum 178
6.16 MFA (MulteFire Alliance) 178
6.16.1 Uni5G Technology Blueprints for Private 5G Networks 179
6.16.2 Network Identifier Program Supporting Private & Neutral Host Networks 179
6.16.3 MulteFire Specifications: LTE Operation in Unlicensed Spectrum 179
6.16.4 Certification Program for MulteFire Equipment 179
6.16.5 MulteFire OSU (Online Sign-Up) System 180
6.17 NGMN (Next-Generation Mobile Networks) Alliance 180
6.17.1 Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum-Related Activates 180
6.18 NSC (National Spectrum Consortium) 181
6.18.1 Increasing Confidence in Spectrum Sharing Approaches 181
6.19 ONF (Open Networking Foundation) 181
6.19.1 Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum Support in the Aether Private 5G Connected Edge Platform 181
6.20 OnGo Alliance 182
6.20.1 Promoting 4G & 5G OnGo Wireless Network Technology 182
6.20.2 Technical Specifications & Guidelines for 4G/5G-Based CBRS Networks 182
6.20.3 Certification Program Supporting Multi-Vendor Interoperability 182
6.21 Small Cell Forum 183
6.21.1 Work Related to License-Exempt & Shared Spectrum Small Cells 183
6.22 Spectrum for the Future 183
6.22.1 Advocating for Wireless Spectrum Sharing in the United States 184
6.23 WhiteSpace Alliance 184
6.23.1 Promoting the Use of 3GPP, IEEE & IETF Standards for TVWS Spectrum 184
6.24 WInnForum (Wireless Innovation Forum) 184
6.24.1 CBRS Standards for the Implementation of FCC Rulemaking 185
6.24.2 Specification of Sharing Arrangements in the 6 GHz Band 185
6.24.3 Other Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum-Related Efforts 185
6.25 XGP (eXtended Global Platform) Forum 186
6.25.1 Development & Promotion of the sXGP Unlicensed LTE Service 186
6.26 Others 186
6.26.1 National Government Agencies & Regulators 186
6.26.2 Vertical Industry-Specific Associations 186
6.26.3 Non-3GPP Technology Alliances 187

7 Chapter 7: Case Studies of Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Deployments 188
7.1 ABP (Associated British Ports): Shared Access License-Enabled Private 5G Network for Port of Southampton 188
7.1.1 Spectrum Type 188
7.1.2 Integrators & Suppliers 188
7.1.3 Deployment Summary 188
7.2 AccessParks: Capitalizing on CBRS Shared Spectrum for Wireless Access in National & State Parks 190
7.2.1 Spectrum Type 190
7.2.2 Integrators & Suppliers 190
7.2.3 Deployment Summary 190
7.3 Airbus: Multi-Campus Private 4G/5G Network for Aircraft Manufacturing Facilities Across Europe 191
7.3.1 Spectrum Type 191
7.3.2 Integrators & Suppliers 191
7.3.3 Deployment Summary 191
7.4 Airport Authority Hong Kong: 28 GHz HKIA Public-Private 5G Infrastructure Project 193
7.4.1 Spectrum Type 193
7.4.2 Integrators & Suppliers 193
7.4.3 Deployment Summary 193
7.5 ANA (All Nippon Airways): Local 5G-Powered Digital Transformation of Aviation Training 195
7.5.1 Spectrum Type 195
7.5.2 Integrators & Suppliers 195
7.5.3 Deployment Summary 195
7.6 ArcelorMittal: 5G Steel Project for Industrial Digitization & Automation 196
7.6.1 Spectrum Type 196
7.6.2 Integrators & Suppliers 196
7.6.3 Deployment Summary 196
7.7 AT&T: Tapping Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum for FWA & Private Cellular Networks 198
7.7.1 Spectrum Type 198
7.7.2 Integrators & Suppliers 198
7.7.3 Deployment Summary 198
7.8 BAM Nuttall: Accelerating Innovation at Construction Sites With Private 5G Networks 201
7.8.1 Spectrum Type 201
7.8.2 Integrators & Suppliers 201
7.8.3 Deployment Summary 201
7.9 BBB (BB Backbone Corporation): 1.9 GHz sXGP Private LTE Network Service 203
7.9.1 Spectrum Type 203
7.9.2 Integrators & Suppliers 203
7.9.3 Deployment Summary 203
7.10 BMW Group: 5G NR-Based CBRS Network for Autonomous Logistics in Spartanburg Plant 205
7.10.1 Spectrum Type 205
7.10.2 Integrators & Suppliers 205
7.10.3 Deployment Summary 205
7.11 BT Media & Broadcast: Portable Private 5G Networks for Live Sports Broadcasting 207
7.11.1 Spectrum Type 207
7.11.2 Integrators & Suppliers 207
7.11.3 Deployment Summary 207
7.12 BYD SkyRail: Unlicensed 5 GHz Wireless System for Railway Communications 209
7.12.1 Spectrum Type 209
7.12.2 Integrators & Suppliers 209
7.12.3 Deployment Summary 209
7.13 Cal Poly (California Polytechnic State University): Converged Public-Private 5G Network 210
7.13.1 Spectrum Type 210
7.13.2 Integrators & Suppliers 210
7.13.3 Deployment Summary 210
7.14 CDA (Chicago Department of Aviation): Private Network for Chicago O'Hare International Airport 211
7.14.1 Spectrum Type 211
7.14.2 Integrators & Suppliers 211
7.14.3 Deployment Summary 211
7.15 Charter Communications: Transforming MVNO & FWA Service Offerings With CBRS Shared Spectrum 212
7.15.1 Spectrum Type 212
7.15.2 Integrators & Suppliers 212
7.15.3 Deployment Summary 212
7.16 Chunghwa Telecom: Utilizing Unlicensed 5 GHz Spectrum to Enhance Mobile Broadband Experience 214
7.16.1 Spectrum Type 214
7.16.2 Integrators & Suppliers 214
7.16.3 Deployment Summary 214
7.17 City of Las Vegas: Municipal Private Wireless Network for Businesses, Government & Educational Institutions 215
7.17.1 Spectrum Type 215
7.17.2 Integrators & Suppliers 215
7.17.3 Deployment Summary 215
7.18 Cologne Bonn Airport: Revolutionizing Internal Operations With Private 5G Campus Network 217
7.18.1 Spectrum Type 217
7.18.2 Integrators & Suppliers 217
7.18.3 Deployment Summary 217
7.19 COMAC (Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China): 5G-Connected Intelligent Aircraft Manufacturing Factories 219
7.19.1 Spectrum Type 219
7.19.2 Integrators & Suppliers 219
7.19.3 Deployment Summary 219
7.20 Del Conca USA: Automating & Streamlining Production Processes With Private Wireless Network 221
7.20.1 Spectrum Type 221
7.20.2 Integrators & Suppliers 221
7.20.3 Deployment Summary 221
7.21 DFW (Dallas Fort Worth) International Airport: Private 5G Network for IoT & Digitization Use Cases 223
7.21.1 Spectrum Type 223
7.21.2 Integrators & Suppliers 223
7.21.3 Deployment Summary 223
7.22 Dow: Modernizing Chemical Plant Maintenance With Private Cellular Networks 225
7.22.1 Spectrum Type 225
7.22.2 Integrators & Suppliers 225
7.22.3 Deployment Summary 225
7.23 EDF: Private Mobile Networks for Enhanced Connectivity at Nuclear Power Plants & Wind Farms 227
7.23.1 Spectrum Type 227
7.23.2 Integrators & Suppliers 227
7.23.3 Deployment Summary 227
7.24 EHIME CATV: Gigabit-Grade FWA Service Using 28 GHz Local 5G Network 229
7.24.1 Spectrum Type 229
7.24.2 Integrators & Suppliers 229
7.24.3 Deployment Summary 229
7.25 Ferrovial: Standalone Private 5G Network for Silvertown Tunnel Project 230
7.25.1 Spectrum Type 230
7.25.2 Integrators & Suppliers 230
7.25.3 Deployment Summary 230
7.26 Fiskarheden: Local 3.7 GHz License-Based Private 5G Network for Transtrand Sawmill 232
7.26.1 Spectrum Type 232
7.26.2 Integrators & Suppliers 232
7.26.3 Deployment Summary 232
7.27 FOX Sports: Private Wireless Network for Live Broadcast Operations 233
7.27.1 Spectrum Type 233
7.27.2 Integrators & Suppliers 233
7.27.3 Deployment Summary 233
7.28 Fraport: Private 5G Campus Network for Future-Oriented Operations at Frankfurt Airport 234
7.28.1 Spectrum Type 234
7.28.2 Integrators & Suppliers 234
7.28.3 Deployment Summary 234
7.29 Frontier Communications: Leveraging CBRS Shared Spectrum for Rural Broadband 236
7.29.1 Spectrum Type 236
7.29.2 Integrators & Suppliers 236
7.29.3 Deployment Summary 236
7.30 Fujitsu: Japan's First 5G Network Installation Based on 28 GHz Local 5G Spectrum 237
7.30.1 Spectrum Type 237
7.30.2 Integrators & Suppliers 237
7.30.3 Deployment Summary 237
7.31 Gale South Beach Hotel: CBRS Network for Guest Engagement & Hotel Operations 239
7.31.1 Spectrum Type 239
7.31.2 Integrators & Suppliers 239
7.31.3 Deployment Summary 239
7.32 Geisinger (Kaiser Permanente): Private LTE Network for Telemedicine in Rural Pennsylvania 240
7.32.1 Spectrum Type 240
7.32.2 Integrators & Suppliers 240
7.32.3 Deployment Summary 240
7.33 Gogo Business Aviation: Leveraging Unlicensed 2.4 GHz spectrum for 5G-Based A2G (Air-to-Ground) Connectivity 241
7.33.1 Spectrum Type 241
7.33.2 Integrators & Suppliers 241
7.33.3 Deployment Summary 241
7.34 Groupe ADP: 3GPP-Based Private Mobile Network for Paris Airports 243
7.34.1 Spectrum Type 243
7.34.2 Integrators & Suppliers 243
7.34.3 Deployment Summary 243
7.35 Guident: Private 5G Testbed for Autonomous Vehicles & Smart City Use Cases 245
7.35.1 Spectrum Type 245
7.35.2 Integrators & Suppliers 245
7.35.3 Deployment Summary 245
7.36 Helios Park Hospital: Enhancing Medical System Efficiency With Standalone 5G Campus Network 246
7.36.1 Spectrum Type 246
7.36.2 Integrators & Suppliers 246
7.36.3 Deployment Summary 246
7.37 Hiroshima Gas: Local 5G-Powered Safety Operations at Hatsukaichi LNG Terminal 247
7.37.1 Spectrum Type 247
7.37.2 Integrators & Suppliers 247
7.37.3 Deployment Summary 247
7.38 Hoban Construction: 4.7 GHz Private 5G Network for Apartment Complex Worksite 248
7.38.1 Spectrum Type 248
7.38.2 Integrators & Suppliers 248
7.38.3 Deployment Summary 248
7.39 Howard University: Delivering Secure & Enhanced Campus Connectivity With CBRS Network 250
7.39.1 Spectrum Type 250
7.39.2 Integrators & Suppliers 250
7.39.3 Deployment Summary 250
7.40 HSG (Haslam Sports Group): 3GPP-Based Private Wireless Infrastructure for Stadium Operations 251
7.40.1 Spectrum Type 251
7.40.2 Integrators & Suppliers 251
7.40.3 Deployment Summary 251
7.41 Hsinchu City Fire Department: Satellite-Backhauled Private 5G Network for PPDR Communications 252
7.41.1 Spectrum Type 252
7.41.2 Integrators & Suppliers 252
7.41.3 Deployment Summary 252
7.42 Inventec Corporation: Standalone Private 5G Network for Taoyuan Guishan Plant 253
7.42.1 Spectrum Type 253
7.42.2 Integrators & Suppliers 253
7.42.3 Deployment Summary 253
7.43 JBG SMITH Properties: National Landing Private 5G Infrastructure Platform 254
7.43.1 Spectrum Type 254
7.43.2 Integrators & Suppliers 254
7.43.3 Deployment Summary 254
7.44 John Deere: Private Cellular Connectivity for Manufacturing Processes 255
7.44.1 Spectrum Type 255
7.44.2 Integrators & Suppliers 255
7.44.3 Deployment Summary 255
7.45 Kansai Electric Power: Enhancing Power Station & Wind Farm Maintenance Using Local 5G Networks 257
7.45.1 Spectrum Type 257
7.45.2 Integrators & Suppliers 257
7.45.3 Deployment Summary 257
7.46 Kawasaki Heavy Industries: Connecting Smart Factory Robotics With Local 5G 258
7.46.1 Spectrum Type 258
7.46.2 Integrators & Suppliers 258
7.46.3 Deployment Summary 258
7.47 KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation): Private 5G Networks for Substation Management 259
7.47.1 Spectrum Type 259
7.47.2 Integrators & Suppliers 259
7.47.3 Deployment Summary 259
7.48 Kumagai Gumi: Unleashing the Potential of Unmanned Construction Using Local 5G Networks 260
7.48.1 Spectrum Type 260
7.48.2 Integrators & Suppliers 260
7.48.3 Deployment Summary 260
7.49 Logan Aluminum: Enhancing Plant Safety & Efficiency Using Private Broadband Network 262
7.49.1 Spectrum Type 262
7.49.2 Integrators & Suppliers 262
7.49.3 Deployment Summary 262
7.50 Lufthansa Technik: Industrial-Grade 5G Campus Network for Hamburg Engine Shops 263
7.50.1 Spectrum Type 263
7.50.2 Integrators & Suppliers 263
7.50.3 Deployment Summary 263
7.51 Mediacom Communications: Harnessing CBRS Spectrum for FWA Services in Rural America 266
7.51.1 Spectrum Type 266
7.51.2 Integrators & Suppliers 266
7.51.3 Deployment Summary 266
7.52 Memorial Health System: Temporary Private Cellular Network to Support COVID-19 Response Efforts 267
7.52.1 Spectrum Type 267
7.52.2 Integrators & Suppliers 267
7.52.3 Deployment Summary 267
7.53 Mercedes-Benz Group: World's First 5G Campus Network for Automotive Production 268
7.53.1 Spectrum Type 268
7.53.2 Integrators & Suppliers 268
7.53.3 Deployment Summary 268
7.54 Mercury Broadband: CBRS Network for Broadband Expansion in the Midwestern United States 270
7.54.1 Spectrum Type 270
7.54.2 Integrators & Suppliers 270
7.54.3 Deployment Summary 270
7.55 Meta: CBRS-Powered Neutral Host Wireless Network for Indoor Coverage in Office Buildings 271
7.55.1 Spectrum Type 271
7.55.2 Integrators & Suppliers 271
7.55.3 Deployment Summary 271
7.56 Midco (Midcontinent Communications): Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum for Rural Broadband Connectivity 272
7.56.1 Spectrum Type 272
7.56.2 Integrators & Suppliers 272
7.56.3 Deployment Summary 272
7.57 Mitsubishi Electric: Local 5G-Based Industrial Wireless System for Factory Automation 274
7.57.1 Spectrum Type 274
7.57.2 Integrators & Suppliers 274
7.57.3 Deployment Summary 274
7.58 Mori Building Company: 5G Core-Enabled 1.9 GHz sXGP Network for Building Management & Tenant Services 276
7.58.1 Spectrum Type 276
7.58.2 Integrators & Suppliers 276
7.58.3 Deployment Summary 276
7.59 MTS (Mobile TeleSystems): Delivering Gigabit-Grade LTE Services Using LAA Technology 277
7.59.1 Spectrum Type 277
7.59.2 Integrators & Suppliers 277
7.59.3 Deployment Summary 277
7.60 NetCity (GEOS Telecom): Unlicensed Sub-1 GHz LTE Network for AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) 278
7.60.1 Spectrum Type 278
7.60.2 Integrators & Suppliers 278
7.60.3 Deployment Summary 278
7.61 NFL (National Football League): Private Wireless Technology for Coach-to-Coach & Sideline Communications 280
7.61.1 Spectrum Type 280
7.61.2 Integrators & Suppliers 280
7.61.3 Deployment Summary 280
7.62 Norfolk Southern Corporation: LTE-Based CBRS Network for Rail Yard Staff 282
7.62.1 Spectrum Type 282
7.62.2 Integrators & Suppliers 282
7.62.3 Deployment Summary 282
7.63 NYPL (New York Public Library): Shrinking the Digital Divide With CBRS Technology 283
7.63.1 Spectrum Type 283
7.63.2 Integrators & Suppliers 283
7.63.3 Deployment Summary 283
7.64 Ocado: 4G-Based Unlicensed 5 GHz Wireless Control System for Warehouse Automation 284
7.64.1 Spectrum Type 284
7.64.2 Integrators & Suppliers 284
7.64.3 Deployment Summary 284
7.65 OhioTT (Ohio Transparent Telecom): CBRS-Enabled Fixed Wireless Network for Rural Ohio 286
7.65.1 Spectrum Type 286
7.65.2 Integrators & Suppliers 286
7.65.3 Deployment Summary 286
7.66 Port Authority of New York and New Jersey: Private LTE Network for Newark Liberty International Airport 287
7.66.1 Spectrum Type 287
7.66.2 Integrators & Suppliers 287
7.66.3 Deployment Summary 287
7.67 Port of Rotterdam: Locally Licensed 3.7 GHz LTE Network for Business-Critical Applications 288
7.67.1 Spectrum Type 288
7.67.2 Integrators & Suppliers 288
7.67.3 Deployment Summary 288
7.68 Port of Tyne: Advancing Smart Port Transformation With Private 5G Network 290
7.68.1 Spectrum Type 290
7.68.2 Integrators & Suppliers 290
7.68.3 Deployment Summary 290
7.69 Pronto: Private Cellular-Enabled Driverless Trucks for Autonomous Haulage in Remote Mining Sites 292
7.69.1 Spectrum Type 292
7.69.2 Integrators & Suppliers 292
7.69.3 Deployment Summary 292
7.70 Purdue University: Private Wireless Networks for Smart City & Aviation Applications 293
7.70.1 Spectrum Type 293
7.70.2 Integrators & Suppliers 293
7.70.3 Deployment Summary 293
7.71 RCI (Rural Cloud Initiative): Building the Farm of the Future With CBRS Shared Spectrum 295
7.71.1 Spectrum Type 295
7.71.2 Integrators & Suppliers 295
7.71.3 Deployment Summary 295
7.72 Ricoh: Accelerating Digital Transformation of Production Operations With Local 5G Networks 296
7.72.1 Spectrum Type 296
7.72.2 Integrators & Suppliers 296
7.72.3 Deployment Summary 296
7.73 Robert Bosch: Automating & Digitizing Manufacturing Facilities With Private 5G Networks 297
7.73.1 Spectrum Type 297
7.73.2 Integrators & Suppliers 297
7.73.3 Deployment Summary 297
7.74 Rudin Management Company: Neutral Host CBRS Network for Multi-Tenant Office Building 299
7.74.1 Spectrum Type 299
7.74.2 Integrators & Suppliers 299
7.74.3 Deployment Summary 299
7.75 SDG&E (San Diego Gas & Electric): pLTE (Private LTE) Network for Advanced Safety & Protection Technologies 300
7.75.1 Spectrum Type 300
7.75.2 Integrators & Suppliers 300
7.75.3 Deployment Summary 300
7.76 SGCC (State Grid Corporation of China): 5.8 GHz Private NR-U Network for Lanzhou East & Mogao Substations 302
7.76.1 Spectrum Type 302
7.76.2 Integrators & Suppliers 302
7.76.3 Deployment Summary 302
7.77 SGP (Société du Grand Paris): 2.6 GHz Private LTE Network for Grand Paris Express Rapid Transit System 303
7.77.1 Spectrum Type 303
7.77.2 Integrators & Suppliers 303
7.77.3 Deployment Summary 303
7.78 Siemens: Independently Developed Private 5G Infrastructure for Industry 4.0 Applications 305
7.78.1 Spectrum Type 305
7.78.2 Integrators & Suppliers 305
7.78.3 Deployment Summary 305
7.79 SmarTone: Effectively Managing Traffic Surges With Strategically Located LAA Small Cells 307
7.79.1 Spectrum Type 307
7.79.2 Integrators & Suppliers 307
7.79.3 Deployment Summary 307
7.80 SMC (Samsung Medical Center): On-Premise Private 5G Network for Medical Education 308
7.80.1 Spectrum Type 308
7.80.2 Integrators & Suppliers 308
7.80.3 Deployment Summary 308
7.81 Southern Linc: Expanding LTE Network Capacity for Utility Communications With CBRS Shared Spectrum 309
7.81.1 Spectrum Type 309
7.81.2 Integrators & Suppliers 309
7.81.3 Deployment Summary 309
7.82 SSA Marine (Carrix): 3GPP-Based Private Wireless Network for Port of Seattle's Terminal 5 311
7.82.1 Spectrum Type 311
7.82.2 Integrators & Suppliers 311
7.82.3 Deployment Summary 311
7.83 St. Vrain Valley School District: Private LTE Network for Connecting Low-Income Students 312
7.83.1 Spectrum Type 312
7.83.2 Integrators & Suppliers 312
7.83.3 Deployment Summary 312
7.84 Teltech Group: Private 4G/5G-Enabled Warehouse Automation & Industry 4.0 Capabilities 313
7.84.1 Spectrum Type 313
7.84.2 Integrators & Suppliers 313
7.84.3 Deployment Summary 313
7.85 The Sound Hotel: Enhancing Guest Experience & Internal Operations With Private Wireless Technology 314
7.85.1 Spectrum Type 314
7.85.2 Integrators & Suppliers 314
7.85.3 Deployment Summary 314
7.86 Tokyo Metropolitan University: L5G (Local 5G) Project in Support of "Future Tokyo" Strategy 316
7.86.1 Spectrum Type 316
7.86.2 Integrators & Suppliers 316
7.86.3 Deployment Summary 316
7.87 TotalEnergies: 3GPP-Based PMR (Professional Mobile Radio) Network for Critical Communications 317
7.87.1 Spectrum Type 317
7.87.2 Integrators & Suppliers 317
7.87.3 Deployment Summary 317
7.88 TOUA (Tohono O'odham Utility Authority): Bringing Advanced Broadband Connectivity to Tribal Residents 318
7.88.1 Spectrum Type 318
7.88.2 Integrators & Suppliers 318
7.88.3 Deployment Summary 318
7.89 Toyota Motor Corporation: Private LTE & Local 5G Networks for Industrial Use Cases 319
7.89.1 Spectrum Type 319
7.89.2 Integrators & Suppliers 319
7.89.3 Deployment Summary 319
7.90 U.S. Marine Corps: Private 5G for Smart Warehousing & Expeditionary Base Operations 321
7.90.1 Spectrum Type 321
7.90.2 Integrators & Suppliers 321
7.90.3 Deployment Summary 321
7.91 UCSB (University of California, Santa Barbara): Outdoor CBRS Network for On-Campus IoT Services 323
7.91.1 Spectrum Type 323
7.91.2 Integrators & Suppliers 323
7.91.3 Deployment Summary 323
7.92 UIPA (Utah Inland Port Authority): CBRS-Enabled ICN (Intelligent Crossroads Network) for Utah's Supply Chain 324
7.92.1 Spectrum Type 324
7.92.2 Integrators & Suppliers 324
7.92.3 Deployment Summary 324
7.93 URSYS: Bringing Cellular Connectivity to Rural Areas and Outlying Regions With Unlicensed Spectrum 325
7.93.1 Spectrum Type 325
7.93.2 Integrators & Suppliers 325
7.93.3 Deployment Summary 325
7.94 Verizon Communications: Exploiting 3.5 GHz CBRS & 5 GHz Spectrum to Address Capacity Demands 326
7.94.1 Spectrum Type 326
7.94.2 Integrators & Suppliers 326
7.94.3 Deployment Summary 326
7.95 Vodacom Group: Employing Unlicensed 5 GHz Spectrum to Improve LTE Network Capacity & Performance 329
7.95.1 Spectrum Type 329
7.95.2 Integrators & Suppliers 329
7.95.3 Deployment Summary 329
7.96 Wells Fargo Center: Improving Critical Operations & Fan Experience With Private 4G/5G Connectivity 330
7.96.1 Spectrum Type 330
7.96.2 Integrators & Suppliers 330
7.96.3 Deployment Summary 330
7.97 WiFrost: 4G/5G-Based Unlicensed TVWS System for FWA & Precision Agriculture 331
7.97.1 Spectrum Type 331
7.97.2 Integrators & Suppliers 331
7.97.3 Deployment Summary 331
7.98 X Shore: Empowering Electric Boat Manufacturing With Private 5G Network 332
7.98.1 Spectrum Type 332
7.98.2 Integrators & Suppliers 332
7.98.3 Deployment Summary 332
7.99 Yangshan Port: Unlicensed 5.8 GHz Wireless Network for Automated Container Terminal Operations 333
7.99.1 Spectrum Type 333
7.99.2 Integrators & Suppliers 333
7.99.3 Deployment Summary 333
7.100 Yumeshima Container Terminal: Local 5G Network for Digital Transformation of Port Facilities 335
7.100.1 Spectrum Type 335
7.100.2 Integrators & Suppliers 335
7.100.3 Deployment Summary 335

8 Chapter 8: Market Sizing & Forecasts 336
8.1 Global Outlook for Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Networks 336
8.2 Segmentation by Air Interface Technology 337
8.2.1 LTE 338
8.2.2 5G NR 339
8.3 Segmentation by Cell Type 340
8.3.1 Indoor Small Cells 341
8.3.2 Outdoor Small Cells 342
8.4 Segmentation by Spectrum Licensing Model 343
8.4.1 Coordinated (Licensed) Shared Spectrum 344
8.4.2 Unlicensed (License-Exempt) Spectrum 345
8.5 Segmentation by Frequency Band 346
8.5.1 Coordinated Shared Spectrum 346
8.5.1.1 1.8 GHz 347
8.5.1.2 2.3 – 2.6 GHz 348
8.5.1.3 3.4 GHz 349
8.5.1.4 3.5 GHz CBRS PAL 350
8.5.1.5 3.7-3.8 GHz 351
8.5.1.6 3.8-4.2 GHz 352
8.5.1.7 4.6-4.9 GHz 353
8.5.1.8 26/28 GHz 354
8.5.1.9 Other Frequencies 355
8.5.2 Unlicensed Spectrum 356
8.5.2.1 600 MHz TVWS 357
8.5.2.2 1.9 GHz sXGP Band 358
8.5.2.3 2.4 GHz 359
8.5.2.4 3.5 GHz CBRS GAA 360
8.5.2.5 5 GHz 361
8.5.2.6 6 GHz 362
8.5.2.7 60 GHz 363
8.5.2.8 Other Frequencies 364
8.6 Segmentation by Use Case 365
8.6.1 Mobile Network Densification 366
8.6.2 FWA (Fixed Wireless Access) 367
8.6.3 Cable Operators & New Entrants 368
8.6.4 Neutral Hosts 369
8.6.5 Private Cellular Networks 370
8.6.5.1 Offices, Buildings & Corporate Campuses 371
8.6.5.2 Vertical Industries 372
8.7 Regional Outlook 373
8.7.1 North America 374
8.7.2 Asia Pacific 375
8.7.3 Europe 376
8.7.4 Middle East & Africa 377
8.7.5 Latin & Central America 378

9 Chapter 9: Key Ecosystem Players 379
9.1 4RF 379
9.2 6Harmonics/6WiLInk 380
9.3 7P (Seven Principles) 381
9.4 ABiT Corporation 382
9.5 Accelleran 383
9.6 Accuver (InnoWireless) 384
9.7 ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies) 385
9.8 Affirmed Networks (Microsoft Corporation) 386
9.9 AI-LINK 387
9.10 Airgain 388
9.11 Airspan Networks 389
9.12 Airtower Networks 390
9.13 Airwavz Solutions 391
9.14 Akoustis Technologies 392
9.15 albis-elcon (UET – United Electronic Technology) 393
9.16 Alcadis 394
9.17 Alef (Alef Edge) 395
9.18 Allen Vanguard Wireless 396
9.19 Alpha Wireless 397
9.20 Alsatis Réseaux 398
9.21 Amazon/AWS (Amazon Web Services) 399
9.22 Ambra Solutions-ECOTEL 400
9.23 Amdocs 401
9.24 American Tower Corporation 402
9.25 AMIT Wireless 403
9.26 Anritsu 404
9.27 ANS – Advanced Network Services (Charge Enterprises) 405
9.28 Antenna Company 406
9.29 Anterix 407
9.30 Apple 408
9.31 aql 409
9.32 Aquila (Suzhou Aquila Solutions) 410
9.33 Aqura Technologies (Telstra Purple) 411
9.34 Arctic Semiconductor (Formerly SiTune Corporation) 412
9.35 Arete M 413
9.36 Artemis Networks 414
9.37 Askey Computer Corporation (ASUS – ASUSTeK Computer) 415
9.38 ASOCS 416
9.39 ASTRI (Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute) 417
9.40 ASUS (ASUSTeK Computer) 418
9.41 ATDI 419
9.42 ATEL (Asiatelco Technologies) 420
9.43 Athonet (HPE – Hewlett Packard Enterprise) 421
9.44 ATN International 422
9.45 AttoCore 423
9.46 Aviat Networks 424
9.47 Axians (VINCI Energies) 426
9.48 Azcom Technology 427
9.49 Baicells 428
9.50 Ballast Networks 429
9.51 BAYFU (Bayerische Funknetz) 430
9.52 BBB (BB Backbone Corporation) 431
9.53 BBK Electronics 432
9.54 BearCom 433
9.55 BEC Technologies (Billion Electric) 434
9.56 becon 435
9.57 Benetel 436
9.58 Betacom 437
9.59 BinnenBereik (NOVEC) 438
9.60 Black Box 439
9.61 Blackned 440
9.62 BLiNQ Networks (CCI – Communication Components Inc.) 441
9.63 Blu Wireless 442
9.64 Blue Arcus Technologies 443
9.65 Boingo Wireless (DigitalBridge Group) 444
9.66 Boldyn Networks (Formerly BAI Communications) 445
9.67 Branch Communications 446
9.68 BTI Wireless 447
9.69 Bureau Veritas/7Layers 448
9.70 BVSystems (Berkeley Varitronics Systems) 449
9.71 C3Spectra 450
9.72 CableFree (Wireless Excellence) 451
9.73 CableLabs 452
9.74 CalChip Connect 453
9.75 Cambium Networks 454
9.76 Cambridge Consultants (Capgemini Invent) 455
9.77 CampusGenius 456
9.78 Capgemini Engineering 457
9.79 CapX Nederland 458
9.80 Casa Systems 459
9.81 CCI (Communication Components Inc.) 460
9.82 CCN (Cirrus Core Networks) 461
9.83 Cegeka 462
9.84 CellAntenna Corporation 463
9.85 Cellnex Telecom 464
9.86 cellXica 465
9.87 Celona 466
9.88 Centerline Communications 467
9.89 Challenge Networks (Vocus) 468
9.90 CICT – China Information and Communication Technology Group (China Xinke Group) 469
9.91 Cisco Systems 470
9.92 Citymesh (Cegeka/DIGI Communications) 471
9.93 COCUS 472
9.94 Codium Networks 473
9.95 Comba Telecom 474
9.96 CommAgility (E-Space) 475
9.97 Commnet Wireless (ATN International) 476
9.98 CommScope 477
9.99 Compal Electronics 478
9.100 COMSovereign 479
9.101 CONEXIO Corporation 481
9.102 CONGIV (ROBUR Industry Service Group) 482
9.103 Connectivity Wireless Solutions (M/C Partners) 483
9.104 Contela 484
9.105 coreNOC 485
9.106 Corning 486
9.107 Council Rock 487
9.108 Cradlepoint (Ericsson) 488
9.109 Crown Castle International Corporation 489
9.110 CTL 490
9.111 CTS (Communication Technology Services) 491
9.112 Cumucore 492
9.113 DAEL Group 493
9.114 dbSpectra 494
9.115 DeepSig 495
9.116 Dejero Labs 496
9.117 DEKRA 497
9.118 Dell Technologies 498
9.119 Dense Air (SIP – Sidewalk Infrastructure Partners) 499
9.120 DGS (Digital Global Systems) 500
9.121 Digi International 501
9.122 Digicert 502
9.123 Digita (DigitalBridge Group) 503
9.124 DigitalBridge Group 504
9.125 DKK (Denki Kogyo) 505
9.126 D-Link Corporation 506
9.127 Doodle Labs 507
9.128 Druid Software 508
9.129 e-BO Enterprises 509
9.130 EDX Wireless 510
9.131 Edzcom (Cellnex Telecom) 511
9.132 EION Wireless 512
9.133 Element Materials Technology 513
9.134 EMS (Electronic Media Services) 514
9.135 Encore Networks 515
9.136 Ericsson 516
9.137 ETRI (Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute, South Korea) 518
9.138 EUCAST 519
9.139 EXFO 520
9.140 ExteNet Systems (DigitalBridge Group) 521
9.141 EZcon Network 522
9.142 Fairspectrum 523
9.143 Federated Wireless 524
9.144 Fenix Group 525
9.145 Fibocom 526
9.146 Fibrolan 527
9.147 Firecell 528
9.148 Flash Private Mobile Networks 529
9.149 floLIVE 530
9.150 FMBE (FMB Engineering) 531
9.151 Fortress Solutions 532
9.152 Foxconn (Hon Hai Technology Group) 533
9.153 Fraunhofer FOKUS (Institute for Open Communication Systems) 534
9.154 Fraunhofer HHI (Heinrich Hertz Institute) 535
9.155 Fraunhofer IIS (Institute for Integrated Circuits) 536
9.156 Fraunhofer IPT (Institute for Production Technology) 537
9.157 FreedomFi 538
9.158 Freshwave Group (DigitalBridge Group) 539
9.159 FRTek 540
9.160 FSG (Field Solutions Group) 541
9.161 Fujitsu 542
9.162 Future Technologies Venture 543
9.163 G REIGNS (HTC Corporation) 544
9.164 G+D (Giesecke+Devrient) 545
9.165 GCT Semiconductor 546
9.166 GE (General Electric) 547
9.167 Gemtek Technology 548
9.168 Getac Technology Corporation 549
9.169 GigSky 550
9.170 Global Telecom 551
9.171 Globalgig 552
9.172 Goodman Telecom Services 553
9.173 Google (Alphabet) 554
9.174 Granite Telecommunications 555
9.175 Grape One (Sumitomo Corporation) 556
9.176 Green Packet 557
9.177 Greenet (Netherlands) 558
9.178 GS Lab (Great Software Laboratory) 559
9.179 GXC (Formerly GenXComm) 560
9.180 Hawk Networks (Althea) 561
9.181 HCL Technologies 562
9.182 HFR Networks 563
9.183 Hitachi 564
9.184 HMF (Hytera Mobilfunk) 565
9.185 Horizon Powered 566
9.186 HP 567
9.187 HPE (Hewlett Packard Enterprise) 568
9.188 HSC (Hughes Systique Corporation) 569
9.189 HTC Corporation 570
9.190 Huawei 571
9.191 HUBER+SUHNER 573
9.192 Hughes Network Systems (EchoStar Corporation) 574
9.193 iBwave Solutions 575
9.194 Iconec 576
9.195 InfiniG 577
9.196 Infinite Electronics 578
9.197 Infomark Corporation 579
9.198 Infosys 580
9.199 Infovista 581
9.200 Innonet 582
9.201 Inseego Corporation 583
9.202 Insta Group 584
9.203 Intel Corporation 585
9.204 Intelsat 586
9.205 Intenna Systems 587
9.206 InterDigital 588
9.207 INTERLEV 589
9.208 IoT4Net 590
9.209 IPLOOK Networks 591
9.210 iPosi 592
9.211 Itron 593
9.212 JACS Solutions 594
9.213 JATONTEC (Jaton Technology) 595
9.214 JCI (Japan Communications Inc.) 596
9.215 JIT (JI Technology) 597
9.216 JMA Wireless 598
9.217 JRC (Japan Radio Company) 599
9.218 Juniper Networks 601
9.219 Kajeet 602
9.220 Key Bridge Wireless 603
9.221 Keysight Technologies 604
9.222 Kisan Telecom 605
9.223 KLA Laboratories 606
9.224 Kleos 607
9.225 KMW 608
9.226 KORE Wireless 609
9.227 Kumu Networks 610
9.228 Kyndryl 611
9.229 Kyocera Corporation 612
9.230 Kyrio (CableLabs) 613
9.231 Landmark Dividend (DigitalBridge Group) 614
9.232 Lekha Wireless Solutions 615
9.233 Lemko Corporation 616
9.234 Lenovo 617
9.235 LG Corporation 618
9.236 Lime Microsystems 619
9.237 Lindsay Broadband 620
9.238 Linkem 621
9.239 Linx Technologies 622
9.240 LIONS Technology 623
9.241 Logicalis (Datatec) 624
9.242 LS telcom 625
9.243 m3connect 626
9.244 MarchNet 627
9.245 Marubun Corporation 628
9.246 MatSing 629
9.247 Maven Wireless 630
9.248 Mavenir 631
9.249 MCS Benelux 633
9.250 Media Broadcast (freenet Group) 634
9.251 Meta 635
9.252 Metaswitch Networks (Microsoft Corporation) 636
9.253 MiCOM Labs 637
9.254 Microlab (RF Industries) 638
9.255 Microsoft Corporation 639
9.256 Miliwave 640
9.257 MitraStar Technology (Unizyx Holding Corporation) 641
9.258 MKI (Mitsui Knowledge Industry) 642
9.259 Mobile Mark 643
9.260 MobileComm Professionals (UST) 644
9.261 Monogoto 645
9.262 MosoLabs (Sercomm Corporation) 646
9.263 Motorola Mobility (Lenovo) 647
9.264 Motorola Solutions 648
9.265 MRK Media 649
9.266 MRT Technology (Suzhou) 650
9.267 MSB (M S Benbow & Associates) 651
9.268 MTI (Microelectronics Technology, Inc.) 652
9.269 MTI Wireless Edge 653
9.270 MUGLER 654
9.271 Multi-Tech Systems 655
9.272 MVI Group 656
9.273 NEC Corporation 657
9.274 Nemko 659
9.275 Netgear 660
9.276 Netmore Group 661
9.277 Netvision Telecom 662
9.278 Neutral Wireless 663
9.279 Neutroon Technologies 664
9.280 NewEdge Signal Solutions 665
9.281 Nextivity 666
9.282 Node-H 667
9.283 Nokia 668
9.284 Nova Labs (Helium) 670
9.285 NRB (Network Research Belgium) 671
9.286 NS Solutions Corporation 672
9.287 Nsight 673
9.288 NTT Group 674
9.289 NuRAN Wireless 675
9.290 Oceus Networks 676
9.291 Octasic 677
9.292 OneLayer 678
9.293 Ontix 679
9.294 OPTAGE 680
9.295 Opticoms 681
9.296 Oracle Communications 682
9.297 Panasonic Connect 683
9.298 Panorama Antennas 684
9.299 Parallel Wireless 685
9.300 Parsec Technologies 686
9.301 Pavlov Media 687
9.302 PBE Axell (Formerly Axell Wireless) 688
9.303 PCS Technologies 689
9.304 PCTEL 690
9.305 PCTEST Lab (PCTEST Engineering Laboratory) 691
9.306 Pente Networks 692
9.307 Pierson Wireless 693
9.308 Pivot Technology Services 694
9.309 Pivotal Commware 695
9.310 Pivotel Group 696
9.311 Polaris Networks (Motorola Solutions) 697
9.312 Pollen Mobile 698
9.313 Potevio (CETC – China Electronics Technology Group Corporation) 699
9.314 Proptivity 700
9.315 QCT (Quanta Cloud Technology) 701
9.316 QuadGen Wireless Solutions 702
9.317 Qualcomm 703
9.318 Quantum Wireless 704
9.319 Qucell Networks (InnoWireless) 705
9.320 Quectel Wireless Solutions 706
9.321 Qulsar (VIAVI Solutions) 707
9.322 Radisys (Reliance Industries) 708
9.323 RADTONICS 709
9.324 Rakuten Symphony 710
9.325 Ranger Systems 711
9.326 Ranplan Wireless 712
9.327 Raycap 713
9.328 RCS Telecommunications 714
9.329 RED Technologies 715
9.330 RF Connect 716
9.331 RFS (Radio Frequency Systems) 717
9.332 Rivada Networks 718
9.333 RKTPL (RK Telesystem Private Limited) 719
9.334 Rohde & Schwarz 720
9.335 RSConnect 721
9.336 RugGear 722
9.337 RuggON Corporation 723
9.338 Saankhya Labs (Tejas Networks) 724
9.339 SAC Wireless (Nokia) 725
9.340 Samsung 726
9.341 Sanjole 728
9.342 SBA Communications 729
9.343 Select Spectrum 730
9.344 Seowon Intech 731
9.345 Sequans Communications 732
9.346 Sercomm Corporation 733
9.347 SETUP Protokolltester 734
9.348 SGS 735
9.349 Shared Access 736
9.350 Sharp Corporation (Foxconn – Hon Hai Technology Group) 737
9.351 Siemens 738
9.352 Sierra Wireless (Semtech Corporation) 739
9.353 Sigma Wireless 740
9.354 Silicom Connectivity Solutions 741
9.355 Sinclair Technologies (Norsat International/Hytera Communications) 742
9.356 siticom (Logicalis) 743
9.357 Sivers Semiconductors 744
9.358 Skyworks Solutions 745
9.359 Smart Mobile Labs 746
9.360 SMAWave (Shanghai SMAWave Technology) 747
9.361 Socionext 748
9.362 SOLiD 749
9.363 Sonim Technologies 750
9.364 Sony Group Corporation 751
9.365 Spectrum Effect 752
9.366 SPIE Group 753
9.367 Spirent Communications 754
9.368 Sporton International 755
9.369 SQUAN 756
9.370 SSC (Shared Spectrum Company) 757
9.371 Star Solutions 758
9.372 STEP CG 759
9.373 Sunwave Communications 760
9.374 Supermicro (Super Micro Computer) 761
9.375 SureSite Consulting Group 762
9.376 Syniverse 763
9.377 System Innovation Group 764
9.378 T&W (Shenzhen Gongjin Electronics) 765
9.379 Tait Communications 766
9.380 Tango Networks 767
9.381 Taoglas 768
9.382 Tarana Wireless 769
9.383 TE Connectivity 770
9.384 Teal Communications 771
9.385 Techbros 772
9.386 Tecore Networks 773
9.387 Telent 774
9.388 Telet Research 775
9.389 Televate 776
9.390 Telewave 777
9.391 TeleWorld Solutions (Samsung) 778
9.392 Telit Cinterion 779
9.393 Telrad Networks 780
9.394 Telsasoft 781
9.395 TeraGo 782
9.396 Tessares 783
9.397 TESSCO Technologies/Ventev 784
9.398 ThinkRF 785
9.399 Three Group Solutions (CK Hutchison) 786
9.400 Tibco Telecoms 787
9.401 Tillman Global Holdings 788
9.402 Tilson 789
9.403 TIL-TEK Antennae 790
9.404 Titan ICT 791
9.405 Titan.ium Platform 792
9.406 TLC Solutions 793
9.407 TRIOPT 794
9.408 T-Systems International 795
9.409 TÜV SÜD 796
9.410 Ubicquia 797
9.411 Ubiik 798
9.412 UCtel 799
9.413 UL 800
9.414 URSYS 801
9.415 V&M (Venus & Mercury) Telecom 802
9.416 Valid8 803
9.417 Vapor IO 804
9.418 Vertical Bridge (DigitalBridge Group) 805
9.419 Verveba Telecom 806
9.420 Viasat 807
9.421 VIAVI Solutions 808
9.422 VITES 809
9.423 VMware 810
9.424 VVDN Technologies 811
9.425 Wave-In Communication 812
9.426 Wavelabs 813
9.427 Wavesight 814
9.428 Weaccess Group 815
9.429 Westell Technologies 816
9.430 Widelity 817
9.431 WiFrost 818
9.432 Wilson Electronics 819
9.433 Wilus 820
9.434 WIN Connectivity (Wireless Information Networks) 821
9.435 Winncom Technologies 822
9.436 WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation) 823
9.437 WorldCell Solutions 824
9.438 Wytec International 825
9.439 Xantaro 826
9.440 XCOM Labs 827
9.441 Zebra Technologies 828
9.442 Zinwave (Wilson Electronics) 829
9.443 Zmtel (Shanghai Zhongmi Communication Technology) 830
9.444 ZTE 831
9.445 Zyxel (Unizyx Holding Corporation) 833

10 Chapter 10: Conclusion & Strategic Recommendations 834
10.1 Why is the Market Poised to Grow? 834
10.2 Future Roadmap: 2023 – 2030 836
10.2.1 2023 – 2025: Continued Spending on 5G NR & LTE in Mid-Band Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum 836
10.2.2 2026 – 2029: Widespread Adoption of Private 5G, NR-U & mmWave RAN Deployments 837
10.2.3 2030 & Beyond: Ubiquity of Shared Spectrum-Enabled Private & Neutral Host Networks 838
10.3 Fostering Innovation Through Spectrum Liberalization 838
10.4 Availability of Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum Bands 839
10.5 Transforming the Cellular Communications Industry 839
10.6 Spurring the Entry of Private 5G Specialists & Other New Players 840
10.7 Densification of Public Mobile Operator Networks in the 5G Era 840
10.8 Accelerating Fixed Wireless Broadband Rollouts in Rural & Underserved Markets 840
10.9 In-Building Neutral Host Solutions Based on Shared Spectrum Small Cells 841
10.10 Private Wireless Networks for Enterprises & Vertical Industries 841
10.11 Laying the Foundation for Industry 4.0 & Advanced Applications With 5G NR Networks 842
10.12 Prospects of 5G Connectivity in Locally Licensed 26/28 GHz Spectrum 842
10.13 The Emergence of 5G NR-U Technology 842
10.14 Strategic Recommendations 843
10.14.1 LTE/5G Equipment Suppliers & System Integrators 843
10.14.2 Mobile Operators, Private 5G Specialists, Neutral Hosts & Other Service Providers 844
10.14.3 Enterprises & Vertical Industries 845

List of Figures

Figure 1: Value Chain of Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Networks 63
Figure 2: CBRS Tiers of Authorization 76
Figure 3: CBRS System Architecture 78
Figure 4: Functional Architecture of LSA 80
Figure 5: Spectrum Access Schemes Supported by eLSA 81
Figure 6: AFC System Model 83
Figure 7: Anchored & Standalone NR-U 95
Figure 8: Standardization of Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum-Related Features in 3GPP Releases 13 – 18 166
Figure 9: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 336
Figure 10: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 336
Figure 11: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipments by Air Interface Technology: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 337
Figure 12: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Air Interface Technology: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 337
Figure 13: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 338
Figure 14: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 338
Figure 15: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum 5G NR Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 339
Figure 16: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum 5G NR Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 339
Figure 17: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipments by Cell Type: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 340
Figure 18: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Cell Type: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 340
Figure 19: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Indoor Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 341
Figure 20: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Indoor Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 341
Figure 21: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Outdoor Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 342
Figure 22: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Outdoor Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 342
Figure 23: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipments by Spectrum Licensing Model: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 343
Figure 24: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Spectrum Licensing Model: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 343
Figure 25: Coordinated Shared Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 344
Figure 26: Coordinated Shared Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 344
Figure 27: Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 345
Figure 28: Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 345
Figure 29: Coordinated Shared Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipments by Frequency Band: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 346
Figure 30: Coordinated Shared Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Frequency Band: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 346
Figure 31: 1.8 GHz Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 347
Figure 32: 1.8 GHz Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 347
Figure 33: 2.3 – 2.6 GHz Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 348
Figure 34: 2.3 – 2.6 GHz Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 348
Figure 35: 3.4 GHz Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 349
Figure 36: 3.4 GHz Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 349
Figure 37: 3.5 GHz CBRS PAL Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 350
Figure 38: 3.5 GHz CBRS PAL Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 350
Figure 39: 3.7-3.8 GHz Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 351
Figure 40: 3.7-3.8 GHz Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 351
Figure 41: 3.8-4.2 GHz Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 352
Figure 42: 3.8-4.2 GHz Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 352
Figure 43: 4.6-4.9 GHz Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 353
Figure 44: 4.6-4.9 GHz Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 353
Figure 45: 26/28 GHz Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 354
Figure 46: 26/28 GHz Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 354
Figure 47: Other Frequency Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 355
Figure 48: Other Frequency Shared Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 355
Figure 49: Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipments by Frequency Band: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 356
Figure 50: Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Frequency Band: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 356
Figure 51: 600 MHz TVWS Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 357
Figure 52: 600 MHz TVWS Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 357
Figure 53: 1.9 GHz sXGP Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 358
Figure 54: 1.9 GHz sXGP Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 358
Figure 55: 2.4 GHz Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 359
Figure 56: 2.4 GHz Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 359
Figure 57: 3.5 GHz CBRS GAA Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 360
Figure 58: 3.5 GHz CBRS GAA Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 360
Figure 59: 5 GHz Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 361
Figure 60: 5 GHz Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 361
Figure 61: 6 GHz Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 362
Figure 62: 6 GHz Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 362
Figure 63: 60 GHz Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 363
Figure 64: 60 GHz Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 363
Figure 65: Other Frequency Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 364
Figure 66: Other Frequency Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 364
Figure 67: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipments by Use Case: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 365
Figure 68: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Use Case: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 365
Figure 69: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipments for Mobile Network Densification: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 366
Figure 70: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue for Mobile Network Densification: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 366
Figure 71: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipments for FWA: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 367 Figure 72: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue for FWA: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 367
Figure 73: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipments for Cable Operators & New Entrants: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 368
Figure 74: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue for Cable Operators & New Entrants: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 368
Figure 75: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipments for Neutral Hosts: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 369
Figure 76: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue for Neutral Hosts: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 369
Figure 77: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipments for Private Cellular Networks: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 370
Figure 78: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue for Private Cellular Networks: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 370
Figure 79: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipments for Offices, Buildings & Corporate Campuses: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 371
Figure 80: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue for Offices, Buildings & Corporate Campuses: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 371
Figure 81: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipments for Vertical Industries: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 372
Figure 82: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue for Vertical Industries: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 372
Figure 83: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipments by Region: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 373
Figure 84: Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 373
Figure 85: North America Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 374
Figure 86: North America Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 374
Figure 87: Asia Pacific Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 375
Figure 88: Asia Pacific Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 375
Figure 89: Europe Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 376
Figure 90: Europe Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 376
Figure 91: Middle East & Africa Shared/Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 377
Figure 92: Middle East & Africa Shared/Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 377
Figure 93: Latin & Central America Shared/Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 378
Figure 94: Latin & Central America Shared/Unlicensed Spectrum Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 378
Figure 95: Distribution of Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G RAN Investments by Frequency Band: 2023 – 2026 (%) 835
Figure 96: Future Roadmap of Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum LTE/5G Networks: 2023 – 2030 836

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