Global (United States, European Union and China) Ethanolamines Market Research Report 2019-2025
Table of Contents1 Report Overview
1.1 Research Scope
1.2 Major Manufacturers Covered in This Report
1.3 Market Segment by Type
1.3.1 Global Ethanolamines Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2019-2025)
1.3.2 DEAs
1.3.3 TEAs
1.3.4 MEAs
1.4 Market Segment by Application
1.4.1 Global Ethanolamines Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
1.4.2 Pharmaceuticals
1.4.3 Chemical industry
1.4.4 Other
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Production and Capacity Analysis
2.1.1 Global Ethanolamines Production Value 2014-2025
2.1.2 Global Ethanolamines Production 2014-2025
2.1.3 Global Ethanolamines Capacity 2014-2025
2.1.4 Global Ethanolamines Marketing Pricing and Trends
2.2 Key Producers Growth Rate (CAGR) 2019-2025
2.2.1 Global Ethanolamines Market Size CAGR of Key Regions
2.2.2 Global Ethanolamines Market Share of Key Regions
2.3 Industry Trends
2.3.1 Market Top Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
3 Market Share by Manufacturers
3.1 Capacity and Production by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Global Ethanolamines Capacity by Manufacturers
3.1.2 Global Ethanolamines Production by Manufacturers
3.2 Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Ethanolamines Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.2 Ethanolamines Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.3 Global Ethanolamines Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.3 Ethanolamines Price by Manufacturers
3.4 Key Manufacturers Ethanolamines Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served
3.5 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Ethanolamines Market
3.6 Key Manufacturers Ethanolamines Product Offered
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Production and Production Value for Each Type
4.1.1 DEAs Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.2 TEAs Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.3 MEAs Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.2 Global Ethanolamines Production Market Share by Type
4.3 Global Ethanolamines Production Value Market Share by Type
4.4 Ethanolamines Ex-factory Price by Type
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Overview
5.2 Global Ethanolamines Consumption by Application
6 Production by Regions
6.1 Global Ethanolamines Production (History Data) by Regions 2014-2019
6.2 Global Ethanolamines Production Value (History Data) by Regions
6.3 United States
6.3.1 United States Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.3.2 United States Ethanolamines Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.3.3 Key Players in United States
6.3.4 United States Ethanolamines Import & Export
6.4 European Union
6.4.1 European Union Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.4.2 European Union Ethanolamines Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.4.3 Key Players in European Union
6.4.4 European Union Ethanolamines Import & Export
6.5 China
6.5.1 China Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.5.2 China Ethanolamines Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.5.3 Key Players in China
6.5.4 China Ethanolamines Import & Export
6.6 Rest of World
6.6.1 Japan
6.6.2 Korea
6.6.3 India
6.6.4 Southeast Asia
7 Ethanolamines Consumption by Regions
7.1 Global Ethanolamines Consumption (History Data) by Regions
7.2 United States
7.2.1 United States Ethanolamines Consumption by Type
7.2.2 United States Ethanolamines Consumption by Application
7.3 European Union
7.3.1 European Union Ethanolamines Consumption by Type
7.3.2 European Union Ethanolamines Consumption by Application
7.4 China
7.4.1 China Ethanolamines Consumption by Type
7.4.2 China Ethanolamines Consumption by Application
7.5 Rest of World
7.5.1 Rest of World Ethanolamines Consumption by Type
7.5.2 Rest of World Ethanolamines Consumption by Application
7.5.1 Japan
7.5.2 Korea
7.5.3 India
7.5.4 Southeast Asia
8 Company Profiles
8.1 Akzo Nobel
8.1.1 Akzo Nobel Company Details
8.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.1.3 Production and Revenue of Ethanolamines
8.1.4 Ethanolamines Product Introduction
8.1.5 Akzo Nobel Recent Development
8.2 BASF
8.2.1 BASF Company Details
8.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.2.3 Production and Revenue of Ethanolamines
8.2.4 Ethanolamines Product Introduction
8.2.5 BASF Recent Development
8.3 INEOS Group Holdings
8.3.1 INEOS Group Holdings Company Details
8.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.3.3 Production and Revenue of Ethanolamines
8.3.4 Ethanolamines Product Introduction
8.3.5 INEOS Group Holdings Recent Development
8.4 Huntsman International
8.4.1 Huntsman International Company Details
8.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.4.3 Production and Revenue of Ethanolamines
8.4.4 Ethanolamines Product Introduction
8.4.5 Huntsman International Recent Development
8.5 SABIC
8.5.1 SABIC Company Details
8.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.5.3 Production and Revenue of Ethanolamines
8.5.4 Ethanolamines Product Introduction
8.5.5 SABIC Recent Development
8.6 The Dow Chemical
8.6.1 The Dow Chemical Company Details
8.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.6.3 Production and Revenue of Ethanolamines
8.6.4 Ethanolamines Product Introduction
8.6.5 The Dow Chemical Recent Development
8.7 Daicel
8.7.1 Daicel Company Details
8.7.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.7.3 Production and Revenue of Ethanolamines
8.7.4 Ethanolamines Product Introduction
8.7.5 Daicel Recent Development
8.8 Jiangsu Yinyan Specialty Chemicals
8.8.1 Jiangsu Yinyan Specialty Chemicals Company Details
8.8.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.8.3 Production and Revenue of Ethanolamines
8.8.4 Ethanolamines Product Introduction
8.8.5 Jiangsu Yinyan Specialty Chemicals Recent Development
8.9 PTT Global Chemical Public Company
8.9.1 PTT Global Chemical Public Company Company Details
8.9.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.9.3 Production and Revenue of Ethanolamines
8.9.4 Ethanolamines Product Introduction
8.9.5 PTT Global Chemical Public Company Recent Development
8.10 Sintez OKA Group of Companies
8.10.1 Sintez OKA Group of Companies Company Details
8.10.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.10.3 Production and Revenue of Ethanolamines
8.10.4 Ethanolamines Product Introduction
8.10.5 Sintez OKA Group of Companies Recent Development
9 Market Forecast
9.1 Global Market Size Forecast
9.1.1 Global Ethanolamines Capacity, Production Forecast 2019-2025
9.1.2 Global Ethanolamines Production Value Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Market Forecast by Regions
9.2.1 Global Ethanolamines Production and Value Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
9.2.2 Global Ethanolamines Consumption Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
9.3 United States
9.3.1 Production and Value Forecast in United States
9.3.2 Consumption Forecast in United States
9.4 European Union
9.4.1 Production and Value Forecast in European Union
9.4.2 Consumption Forecast in European Union
9.5 China
9.5.1 Production and Value Forecast in China
9.5.2 Consumption Forecast in China
9.6 Rest of World
9.6.1 Japan
9.6.2 Korea
9.6.3 India
9.6.4 Southeast Asia
9.7 Forecast by Type
9.7.1 Global Ethanolamines Production Forecast by Type
9.7.2 Global Ethanolamines Production Value Forecast by Type
9.8 Consumption Forecast by Application
10 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
10.1 Value Chain Analysis
10.2 Sales Channels Analysis
10.2.1 Ethanolamines Sales Channels
10.2.2 Ethanolamines Distributors
10.3 Ethanolamines Customers
11 Opportunities & Challenges, Threat and Affecting Factors
11.1 Market Opportunities
11.2 Market Challenges
11.3 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
12 Key Findings
13 Appendix
13.1 Research Methodology
13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.1.2 Data Source
13.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.1.2.2 Primary Sources
13.2 Author Details
13.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables and FiguresFigure Ethanolamines Product Picture
Table Ethanolamines Key Market Segments
Table Major Manufacturers Ethanolamines Covered in This Report
Table Global Ethanolamines Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2019-2025 (K MT) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Sales Market Shar by Type 2014-2025
Figure DEAs Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of DEAs
Figure TEAs Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of TEAs
Figure MEAs Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of MEAs
Table Global Ethanolamines Market Share by Application 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Pharmaceuticals Use Case
Figure Chemical industry Use Case
Figure Other Use Case
Figure Ethanolamines Report Years Considered
Figure Global Ethanolamines Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Production 2014-2025 (K MT)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Capacity 2014-2025 (K MT)
Table Key Manufacturers Ethanolamines Capacity (K MT)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Price 2014-2025 (USD/MT)
Table Global Ethanolamines Market Size of Key Regions (Million USD) & (K MT)
Table Global Ethanolamines Growth Rate of Key Regions 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Table Global Ethanolamines Market Share for of Regions 2019-2025 (K MT)
Table Market Top Trends
Table Global Ethanolamines Capacity by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table Global Ethanolamines Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Ethanolamines Production by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table Global Ethanolamines Production Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Ethanolamines Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (Million USD)
Table Ethanolamines Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Ethanolamines Value Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Global Ethanolamines Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Ethanolamines Price by Manufacturers 2014-2019 (USD/MT)
Table Key Manufacturers Ethanolamines Plants/Factories Distribution
Table Key Manufacturers Ethanolamines Area Served
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Ethanolamines Market
Table Key Manufacturers Ethanolamines Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global DEAs Production and Production Value (2014-2019) (K MT) & (Million US$)
Table Global TEAs Production and Production Value (2014-2019) (K MT) & (Million US$)
Table Global MEAs Production and Production Value (2014-2019) (K MT) & (Million US$)
Table Global Ethanolamines Production by Type (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table Global Ethanolamines Production Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Production Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Production Market Share by Type in 2018
Table Global Ethanolamines Production Value by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Global Ethanolamines Production Value Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Production Value Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Production Value Market Share by Type in 2018
Table Ethanolamines Ex-factory Price by Type 2014-2019 (USD/MT)
Table Global Ethanolamines Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table Global Ethanolamines Consumption Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Consumption Ethanolamines Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table Global Ethanolamines Production by Regions 2014-2019 (K MT)
Table Global Ethanolamines Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Ethanolamines Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Ethanolamines Production Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Ethanolamines Production Value by Regions 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Ethanolamines Production Value Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Ethanolamines Production Value Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Ethanolamines Production Value Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table United States Ethanolamines Production and Value 2014-2019 (K MT) & (Million USD)
Figure United States Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure United States Ethanolamines Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table United States Ethanolamines Import & Export (K MT)
Table European Union Ethanolamines Production and Value 2014-2019 (K MT) & (Million USD)
Figure European Union Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure European Union Ethanolamines Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table European Union Ethanolamines Import & Export (K MT)
Table China Ethanolamines Production and Value 2014-2019 (K MT) & (Million USD)
Figure China Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure China Ethanolamines Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table China Ethanolamines Import & Export (K MT)
Figure Japan Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Japan Ethanolamines Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Korea Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Korea Ethanolamines Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Figure India Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure India Ethanolamines Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Ethanolamines Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Ethanolamines Consumption by Regions 2014-2019 (K MT)
Table Global Ethanolamines Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Ethanolamines Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Ethanolamines Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2018
Figure United States Ethanolamines Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table United States Ethanolamines Consumption by Type (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure United States Ethanolamines Consumption Market Share by Type in 2019
Table United States Ethanolamines Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure United States Ethanolamines Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure European Union Ethanolamines Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table European Union Ethanolamines Consumption by Type (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure European Union Ethanolamines Consumption Market Share by Type in 2019
Table European Union Ethanolamines Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure European Union Ethanolamines Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure China Ethanolamines Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table China Ethanolamines Consumption by Type (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure China Ethanolamines Consumption Market Share by Type in 2019
Table China Ethanolamines Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure China Ethanolamines Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure Rest of World Ethanolamines Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table Rest of World Ethanolamines Consumption by Type (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure Rest of World Ethanolamines Consumption Market Share by Type in 2019
Table Rest of World Ethanolamines Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure Rest of World Ethanolamines Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure Japan Ethanolamines Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure Korea Ethanolamines Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure India Ethanolamines Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Ethanolamines Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table Akzo Nobel Company Details
Table Akzo Nobel Description and Business Overview
Table Akzo Nobel Ethanolamines Production (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Akzo Nobel Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Akzo Nobel Ethanolamines Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Akzo Nobel Recent Development
Table BASF Company Details
Table BASF Description and Business Overview
Table BASF Ethanolamines Production (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table BASF Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table BASF Ethanolamines Production Market Share in Global Market
Table BASF Recent Development
Table INEOS Group Holdings Company Details
Table INEOS Group Holdings Description and Business Overview
Table INEOS Group Holdings Ethanolamines Production (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table INEOS Group Holdings Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table INEOS Group Holdings Ethanolamines Production Market Share in Global Market
Table INEOS Group Holdings Recent Development
Table Huntsman International Company Details
Table Huntsman International Description and Business Overview
Table Huntsman International Ethanolamines Production (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Huntsman International Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Huntsman International Ethanolamines Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Huntsman International Recent Development
Table SABIC Company Details
Table SABIC Description and Business Overview
Table SABIC Ethanolamines Production (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table SABIC Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table SABIC Ethanolamines Production Market Share in Global Market
Table SABIC Recent Development
Table The Dow Chemical Company Details
Table The Dow Chemical Description and Business Overview
Table The Dow Chemical Ethanolamines Production (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table The Dow Chemical Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table The Dow Chemical Ethanolamines Production Market Share in Global Market
Table The Dow Chemical Recent Development
Table Daicel Company Details
Table Daicel Description and Business Overview
Table Daicel Ethanolamines Production (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Daicel Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Daicel Ethanolamines Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Daicel Recent Development
Table Jiangsu Yinyan Specialty Chemicals Company Details
Table Jiangsu Yinyan Specialty Chemicals Description and Business Overview
Table Jiangsu Yinyan Specialty Chemicals Ethanolamines Production (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Jiangsu Yinyan Specialty Chemicals Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Jiangsu Yinyan Specialty Chemicals Ethanolamines Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Jiangsu Yinyan Specialty Chemicals Recent Development
Table PTT Global Chemical Public Company Company Details
Table PTT Global Chemical Public Company Description and Business Overview
Table PTT Global Chemical Public Company Ethanolamines Production (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table PTT Global Chemical Public Company Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table PTT Global Chemical Public Company Ethanolamines Production Market Share in Global Market
Table PTT Global Chemical Public Company Recent Development
Table Sintez OKA Group of Companies Company Details
Table Sintez OKA Group of Companies Description and Business Overview
Table Sintez OKA Group of Companies Ethanolamines Production (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Sintez OKA Group of Companies Ethanolamines Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Sintez OKA Group of Companies Ethanolamines Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Sintez OKA Group of Companies Recent Development
Table Global Ethanolamines Capacity, Production Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Capacity Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Production Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Ethanolamines Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Ethanolamines Production Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K MT)
Table Global Ethanolamines Production Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Table Global Ethanolamines Production Value Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Ethanolamines Consumption Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K MT)
Table Global Ethanolamines Consumption Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Table United States Ethanolamines Production and Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT) & (Million US$)
Figure United States Ethanolamines Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Table United States Ethanolamines Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure United States Ethanolamines Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Table European Union Ethanolamines Production and Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT) & (Million US$)
Figure European Union Ethanolamines Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Table European Union Ethanolamines Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure European Union Ethanolamines Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Table China Ethanolamines Production and Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT) & (Million US$)
Figure China Ethanolamines Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Table China Ethanolamines Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure China Ethanolamines Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Japan Ethanolamines Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Japan Ethanolamines Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Korea Ethanolamines Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Korea Ethanolamines Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure India Ethanolamines Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure India Ethanolamines Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Ethanolamines Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Ethanolamines Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Table Global Ethanolamines Production Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Production Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Production Market Share Forecast by Type 2019-2025
Table Global Ethanolamines Production Value Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Production Value Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Production Value Market Share Forecast by Type 2019-2025
Table Global Ethanolamines Consumption Forecast by Application 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Consumption Forecast by Application 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Global Ethanolamines Consumption Market Share Forecast by Application 2019-2025
Figure Ethanolamines Value Chain
Table Ethanolamines Distributors List
Table Ethanolamines Customers List
Table Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources