Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Professional Survey Report 2019
Table of ContentsExecutive Summary
1 Industry Overview of Oversized Cargo Transportation
1.1 Definition of Oversized Cargo Transportation
1.2 Oversized Cargo Transportation Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
1.2.2 Road Transportation
1.2.3 Rail Transportation
1.2.4 Sea Transportation
1.2.5 Air Transportation
1.3 Oversized Cargo Transportation Segment by Applications
1.3.1 Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Consumption Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
1.3.2 Raw Material Transportation
1.3.3 Food Transportation
1.3.4 Fresh Transportation
1.3.5 Other
1.4 Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Overall Market
1.4.1 Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue (2014-2025)
1.4.2 Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Production (2014-2025)
1.4.3 North America Oversized Cargo Transportation Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.4 Europe Oversized Cargo Transportation Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.5 China Oversized Cargo Transportation Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.6 Japan Oversized Cargo Transportation Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Oversized Cargo Transportation Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.8 India Oversized Cargo Transportation Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Oversized Cargo Transportation
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Oversized Cargo Transportation
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Oversized Cargo Transportation
3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Oversized Cargo Transportation
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date
3.2 Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Manufacturing Plants Distribution
3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of Oversized Cargo Transportation
3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans
4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers
4.1 Oversized Cargo Transportation Production and Capacity Analysis
4.2 Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Analysis
4.3 Oversized Cargo Transportation Price Analysis
4.4 Market Concentration Degree
5 Oversized Cargo Transportation Regional Market Analysis
5.1 Oversized Cargo Transportation Production by Regions
5.1.1 Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Production by Regions
5.1.2 Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue by Regions
5.2 Oversized Cargo Transportation Consumption by Regions
5.3 North America Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Analysis
5.3.1 North America Oversized Cargo Transportation Production
5.3.2 North America Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue
5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
5.3.4 North America Oversized Cargo Transportation Import and Export
5.4 Europe Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Analysis
5.4.1 Europe Oversized Cargo Transportation Production
5.4.2 Europe Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue
5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
5.4.4 Europe Oversized Cargo Transportation Import and Export
5.5 China Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Analysis
5.5.1 China Oversized Cargo Transportation Production
5.5.2 China Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue
5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China
5.5.4 China Oversized Cargo Transportation Import and Export
5.6 Japan Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Analysis
5.6.1 Japan Oversized Cargo Transportation Production
5.6.2 Japan Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue
5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan
5.6.4 Japan Oversized Cargo Transportation Import and Export
5.7 Southeast Asia Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Analysis
5.7.1 Southeast Asia Oversized Cargo Transportation Production
5.7.2 Southeast Asia Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue
5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
5.7.4 Southeast Asia Oversized Cargo Transportation Import and Export
5.8 India Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Analysis
5.8.1 India Oversized Cargo Transportation Production
5.8.2 India Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue
5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India
5.8.4 India Oversized Cargo Transportation Import and Export
6 Oversized Cargo Transportation Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Production by Type
6.2 Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue by Type
6.3 Oversized Cargo Transportation Price by Type
7 Oversized Cargo Transportation Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Consumption by Application
7.2 Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
8 Oversized Cargo Transportation Major Manufacturers Analysis
8.1 DSV
8.1.1 DSV Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
8.1.2 DSV Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.1.3 DSV Oversized Cargo Transportation Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.2 Orient Overseas Container Line
8.2.1 Orient Overseas Container Line Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
8.2.2 Orient Overseas Container Line Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.2.3 Orient Overseas Container Line Oversized Cargo Transportation Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.3 Bohnet GmbH
8.3.1 Bohnet GmbH Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
8.3.2 Bohnet GmbH Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.3.3 Bohnet GmbH Oversized Cargo Transportation Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.4 STA Logistic
8.4.1 STA Logistic Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
8.4.2 STA Logistic Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.4.3 STA Logistic Oversized Cargo Transportation Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.5 DB Schenker
8.5.1 DB Schenker Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
8.5.2 DB Schenker Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.5.3 DB Schenker Oversized Cargo Transportation Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.6 Amerijet
8.6.1 Amerijet Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
8.6.2 Amerijet Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.6.3 Amerijet Oversized Cargo Transportation Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.7 APL
8.7.1 APL Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
8.7.2 APL Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.7.3 APL Oversized Cargo Transportation Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.7.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.8 Dextra Industry & Transport
8.8.1 Dextra Industry & Transport Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
8.8.2 Dextra Industry & Transport Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.8.3 Dextra Industry & Transport Oversized Cargo Transportation Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.8.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.9 Global Shipping Services
8.9.1 Global Shipping Services Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
8.9.2 Global Shipping Services Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.9.3 Global Shipping Services Oversized Cargo Transportation Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.9.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.10 IB Cargo
8.10.1 IB Cargo Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
8.10.2 IB Cargo Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.10.3 IB Cargo Oversized Cargo Transportation Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.10.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.11 ISDB Logistik
8.12 Lynden
8.13 Panalpina
8.14 SNcargo
8.15 TAD Logistics
8.16 UAB Eivora
9 Development Trend of Analysis of Oversized Cargo Transportation Market
9.1 Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Oversized Cargo Transportation Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America Oversized Cargo Transportation Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.2 Europe Oversized Cargo Transportation Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.3 China Oversized Cargo Transportation Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.4 Japan Oversized Cargo Transportation Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.5 Southeast Asia Oversized Cargo Transportation Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.6 India Oversized Cargo Transportation Forecast 2019-2025
9.3 Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Trend (Application)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.3 Oversized Cargo Transportation Customers
11 Market Dynamics
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities
11.3 Market Drivers
11.4 Challenges
11.5 Influence Factors
12 Conclusion
13 Appendix
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Author List
13.4 Disclaimer
List of Tables and FiguresFigure Picture of Oversized Cargo Transportation
Table Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Production (K Units) Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
Figure Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Market Share by Types in 2018
Figure Road Transportation Product Picture
Figure Rail Transportation Product Picture
Figure Sea Transportation Product Picture
Figure Air Transportation Product Picture
Table Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
Figure Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2018
Figure Raw Material Transportation
Figure Food Transportation
Figure Fresh Transportation
Figure Other
Figure Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Production (K Units) (2014-2025)
Figure North America Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Europe Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure China Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Japan Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Southeast Asia Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure India Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Table Oversized Cargo Transportation Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Oversized Cargo Transportation in 2018
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Oversized Cargo Transportation
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Oversized Cargo Transportation
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers
Table Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Manufacturing Plants Distribution
Table Oversized Cargo Transportation Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position
Table Recent Development and Expansion Plans in Future
Table Oversized Cargo Transportation Capacity (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Oversized Cargo Transportation Production (K Units) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue (Million US$) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Oversized Cargo Transportation Average Price (USD/Unit) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Production by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Consumption by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure North America Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure North America Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table North America Oversized Cargo Transportation Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Europe Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Europe Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Europe Oversized Cargo Transportation Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure China Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure China Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table China Oversized Cargo Transportation Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Japan Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Japan Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Japan Oversized Cargo Transportation Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Southeast Asia Oversized Cargo Transportation Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure India Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure India Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table India Oversized Cargo Transportation Production, Consumption Import and Export (K Units)
Figure Global Consumption Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Value (Consumption) Oversized Cargo Transportation Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table DSV Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
Table DSV Oversized Cargo Transportation Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table DSV Oversized Cargo Transportation Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table DSV Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table DSV Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure DSV Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table DSV Oversized Cargo Transportation Main Business and Markets Served
Table Orient Overseas Container Line Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
Table Orient Overseas Container Line Oversized Cargo Transportation Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Orient Overseas Container Line Oversized Cargo Transportation Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Orient Overseas Container Line Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Orient Overseas Container Line Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Orient Overseas Container Line Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Orient Overseas Container Line Oversized Cargo Transportation Main Business and Markets Served
Table Bohnet GmbH Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
Table Bohnet GmbH Oversized Cargo Transportation Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Bohnet GmbH Oversized Cargo Transportation Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Bohnet GmbH Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Bohnet GmbH Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Bohnet GmbH Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Bohnet GmbH Oversized Cargo Transportation Main Business and Markets Served
Table STA Logistic Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
Table STA Logistic Oversized Cargo Transportation Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table STA Logistic Oversized Cargo Transportation Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table STA Logistic Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table STA Logistic Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure STA Logistic Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table STA Logistic Oversized Cargo Transportation Main Business and Markets Served
Table DB Schenker Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
Table DB Schenker Oversized Cargo Transportation Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table DB Schenker Oversized Cargo Transportation Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table DB Schenker Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table DB Schenker Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure DB Schenker Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table DB Schenker Oversized Cargo Transportation Main Business and Markets Served
Table Amerijet Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
Table Amerijet Oversized Cargo Transportation Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Amerijet Oversized Cargo Transportation Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Amerijet Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Amerijet Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Amerijet Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Amerijet Oversized Cargo Transportation Main Business and Markets Served
Table APL Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
Table APL Oversized Cargo Transportation Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table APL Oversized Cargo Transportation Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table APL Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table APL Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure APL Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table APL Oversized Cargo Transportation Main Business and Markets Served
Table Dextra Industry & Transport Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
Table Dextra Industry & Transport Oversized Cargo Transportation Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Dextra Industry & Transport Oversized Cargo Transportation Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Dextra Industry & Transport Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Dextra Industry & Transport Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Dextra Industry & Transport Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Dextra Industry & Transport Oversized Cargo Transportation Main Business and Markets Served
Table Global Shipping Services Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
Table Global Shipping Services Oversized Cargo Transportation Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Global Shipping Services Oversized Cargo Transportation Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Global Shipping Services Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Global Shipping Services Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Global Shipping Services Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Global Shipping Services Oversized Cargo Transportation Main Business and Markets Served
Table IB Cargo Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
Table IB Cargo Oversized Cargo Transportation Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table IB Cargo Oversized Cargo Transportation Production (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table IB Cargo Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table IB Cargo Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure IB Cargo Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table IB Cargo Oversized Cargo Transportation Main Business and Markets Served
Table ISDB Logistik Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
Table Lynden Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
Table Panalpina Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
Table SNcargo Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
Table TAD Logistics Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
Table UAB Eivora Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Sites and Area Served
Figure Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue (Million USD) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Oversized Cargo Transportation Sales Price (USD/Unit) Forecast 2019-2025
Figure North America Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure North America Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Europe Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure China Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure China Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Japan Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure India Oversized Cargo Transportation Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure India Oversized Cargo Transportation Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Table Global Production (K Units) of Oversized Cargo Transportation by Type (2019-2025)
Table Global Consumption (K Units) of Oversized Cargo Transportation by Application (2019-2025)
Table Oversized Cargo Transportation Distributors List
Table Oversized Cargo Transportation Customers List
Table Market Key Trends
Table Key Opportunities
Table Market Key Drivers
Table Key Challenges
Table Key Influence Factors
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources