Home > > > Report Detail

Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size, Status and Forecast 2019-2025

Publisher Name :
Date: 07-May-2019
No. of pages: 92
Inquire Before Buying

Remapping a car changes the manufacturer's default settings and software on the ECU, replacing it with new software which can be tweaked and customised to the owner's specifications.

In 2018, the global Engine Remapping Services market size was xx million US$ and it is expected to reach xx million US$ by the end of 2025, with a CAGR of xx% during 2019-2025.

This report focuses on the global Engine Remapping Services status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players. The study objectives are to present the Engine Remapping Services development in United States, Europe and China.

The key players covered in this study

- VIEZU Technologies

- ABT Sportsline

- Roo Systems

- Turbo Dynamics

- Quantum Tuning

- EMAPS

- ...

Market segment by Type, the product can be split into

- OBD Remapping

- ECU Remapping

- Others

Market segment by Application, split into

- Cars

- SUV

- Pickup Trucks

- Commercial Vehicle

Market segment by Regions/Countries, this report covers

- United States

- Europe

- China

- Japan

- Southeast Asia

- India

- Central & South America

The study objectives of this report are:

- To analyze global Engine Remapping Services status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players.

- To present the Engine Remapping Services development in United States, Europe and China.

- To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their development plan and strategies.

- To define, describe and forecast the market by product type, market and key regions.

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Engine Remapping Services are as follows:

- History Year: 2014-2018

- Base Year: 2018

- Estimated Year: 2019

- Forecast Year 2019 to 2025

For the data information by region, company, type and application, 2018 is considered as the base year. Whenever data information was unavailable for the base year, the prior year has been considered.

Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size, Status and Forecast 2019-2025

Table of Contents
1 Report Overview
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.3 Players Covered
1.4 Market Analysis by Type
1.4.1 Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2014-2025)
1.4.2 OBD Remapping
1.4.3 ECU Remapping
1.4.4 Others
1.5 Market by Application
1.5.1 Global Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Application (2014-2025)
1.5.2 Cars
1.5.3 SUV
1.5.4 Pickup Trucks
1.5.5 Commercial Vehicle
1.6 Study Objectives
1.7 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Engine Remapping Services Market Size
2.2 Engine Remapping Services Growth Trends by Regions
2.2.1 Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Regions (2014-2025)
2.2.2 Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Regions (2014-2019)
2.3 Industry Trends
2.3.1 Market Top Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
2.3.3 Market Challenges
2.3.4 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
3 Market Share by Key Players
3.1 Engine Remapping Services Market Size by by Players
3.1.1 Global Engine Remapping Services Revenue by by Players (2014-2019)
3.1.2 Global Engine Remapping Services Revenue Market Share by by Players (2014-2019)
3.1.3 Global Engine Remapping Services Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.2 Engine Remapping Services Key Players Head office and Area Served
3.3 Key Players Engine Remapping Services Product/Solution/Service
3.4 Date of Enter into Engine Remapping Services Market
3.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Breakdown Data by Type and Application
4.1 Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Type (2014-2019)
4.2 Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application (2014-2019)
5 United States
5.1 United States Engine Remapping Services Market Size (2014-2019)
5.2 Engine Remapping Services Key Players in United States
5.3 United States Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Type
5.4 United States Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application
6 Europe
6.1 Europe Engine Remapping Services Market Size (2014-2019)
6.2 Engine Remapping Services Key Players in Europe
6.3 Europe Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Type
6.4 Europe Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application
7 China
7.1 China Engine Remapping Services Market Size (2014-2019)
7.2 Engine Remapping Services Key Players in China
7.3 China Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Type
7.4 China Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application
8 Japan
8.1 Japan Engine Remapping Services Market Size (2014-2019)
8.2 Engine Remapping Services Key Players in Japan
8.3 Japan Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Type
8.4 Japan Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application
9 Southeast Asia
9.1 Southeast Asia Engine Remapping Services Market Size (2014-2019)
9.2 Engine Remapping Services Key Players in Southeast Asia
9.3 Southeast Asia Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Type
9.4 Southeast Asia Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application
10 India
10.1 India Engine Remapping Services Market Size (2014-2019)
10.2 Engine Remapping Services Key Players in India
10.3 India Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Type
10.4 India Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application
11 Central & South America
11.1 Central & South America Engine Remapping Services Market Size (2014-2019)
11.2 Engine Remapping Services Key Players in Central & South America
11.3 Central & South America Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Type
11.4 Central & South America Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application
12 International Players Profiles
12.1 VIEZU Technologies
12.1.1 VIEZU Technologies Company Details
12.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview
12.1.3 Engine Remapping Services Introduction
12.1.4 VIEZU Technologies Revenue in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019)
12.1.5 VIEZU Technologies Recent Development
12.2 ABT Sportsline
12.2.1 ABT Sportsline Company Details
12.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview
12.2.3 Engine Remapping Services Introduction
12.2.4 ABT Sportsline Revenue in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019)
12.2.5 ABT Sportsline Recent Development
12.3 Roo Systems
12.3.1 Roo Systems Company Details
12.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview
12.3.3 Engine Remapping Services Introduction
12.3.4 Roo Systems Revenue in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019)
12.3.5 Roo Systems Recent Development
12.4 Turbo Dynamics
12.4.1 Turbo Dynamics Company Details
12.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview
12.4.3 Engine Remapping Services Introduction
12.4.4 Turbo Dynamics Revenue in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019)
12.4.5 Turbo Dynamics Recent Development
12.5 Quantum Tuning
12.5.1 Quantum Tuning Company Details
12.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview
12.5.3 Engine Remapping Services Introduction
12.5.4 Quantum Tuning Revenue in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019)
12.5.5 Quantum Tuning Recent Development
12.6 EMAPS
12.6.1 EMAPS Company Details
12.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview
12.6.3 Engine Remapping Services Introduction
12.6.4 EMAPS Revenue in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019)
12.6.5 EMAPS Recent Development
13 Market Forecast 2019-2025
13.1 Market Size Forecast by Regions
13.2 United States
13.3 Europe
13.4 China
13.5 Japan
13.6 Southeast Asia
13.7 India
13.8 Central & South America
13.9 Market Size Forecast by Product (2019-2025)
13.10 Market Size Forecast by Application (2019-2025)
14 Analyst's Viewpoints/Conclusions
15 Appendix
15.1 Research Methodology
15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
15.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
15.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
15.1.2 Data Source
15.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
15.1.2.2 Primary Sources
15.2 Disclaimer
15.3 Author Details
List of Tables and Figures
Table Engine Remapping Services Key Market Segments
Table Key Players Engine Remapping Services Covered
Table Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Engine Remapping Services Market Share by TypeType in 2018 & 2025
Figure OBD Remapping Figures
Table Key Players of OBD Remapping
Figure ECU Remapping Figures
Table Key Players of ECU Remapping
Figure Others Figures
Table Key Players of Others
Table Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size Growth by Application 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Application in 2018 & 2025
Figure Cars Case Studies
Figure SUV Case Studies
Figure Pickup Trucks Case Studies
Figure Commercial Vehicle Case Studies
Figure Engine Remapping Services Report Years Considered
Table Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size 2014-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size and Growth Rate 2014-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Regions 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Regions 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Regions 2018
Table Market Top Trends
Table Key Drivers: Impact Analysis (2019-2025)
Table Key Challenges
Figure PORTER'S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
Table Global Engine Remapping Services Revenue by by Players (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Global Engine Remapping Services Market Share by by Players (2014-2019)
Figure Global Engine Remapping Services Market Share by by Players in 2018
Table Global Engine Remapping Services by Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Key Players Head office and Area Served
Table Key Players Engine Remapping Services Product/Solution/Service
Table Date of Enter into Engine Remapping Services Market
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Engine Remapping Services Revenue Market Share by Application in 2018
Figure United States Engine Remapping Services Market Size 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table United States Key Players Engine Remapping Services Revenue (2018-2019) (Million US$)
Table United States Key Players Engine Remapping Services Market Share (2018-2019)
Table United States Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table United States Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table United States Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table United States Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Europe Engine Remapping Services Market Size 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Europe Key Players Engine Remapping Services Revenue (2018-2019) (Million US$)
Table Europe Key Players Engine Remapping Services Market Share (2018-2019)
Table Europe Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Europe Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table Europe Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Europe Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure China Engine Remapping Services Market Size 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table China Key Players Engine Remapping Services Revenue (2018-2019) (Million US$)
Table China Key Players Engine Remapping Services Market Share (2018-2019)
Table China Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table China Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table China Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table China Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Japan Engine Remapping Services Market Size 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Japan Key Players Engine Remapping Services Revenue (2018-2019) (Million US$)
Table Japan Key Players Engine Remapping Services Market Share (2018-2019)
Table Japan Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Japan Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table Japan Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Japan Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Southeast Asia Engine Remapping Services Market Size 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Southeast Asia Key Players Engine Remapping Services Revenue (2018-2019) (Million US$)
Table Southeast Asia Key Players Engine Remapping Services Market Share (2018-2019)
Table Southeast Asia Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Southeast Asia Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table Southeast Asia Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Southeast Asia Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure India Engine Remapping Services Market Size 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table India Key Players Engine Remapping Services Revenue (2018-2019) (Million US$)
Table India Key Players Engine Remapping Services Market Share (2018-2019)
Table India Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table India Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table India Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table India Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Central & South America Engine Remapping Services Market Size 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Central & South America Key Players Engine Remapping Services Revenue (2018-2019) (Million US$)
Table Central & South America Key Players Engine Remapping Services Market Share (2018-2019)
Table Central & South America Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Central & South America Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Table Central & South America Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Central & South America Engine Remapping Services Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table VIEZU Technologies Company Details
Table VIEZU Technologies Revenue in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure VIEZU Technologies Revenue Growth Rate in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019)
Table VIEZU Technologies Recent Development
Table ABT Sportsline Company Details
Table ABT Sportsline Revenue in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019)(Million US$)
Figure ABT Sportsline Revenue Growth Rate in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019)
Table ABT Sportsline Recent Development
Table Roo Systems Company Details
Table Roo Systems Revenue in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019)(Million US$)
Figure Roo Systems Revenue Growth Rate in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019)
Table Roo Systems Recent Development
Table Turbo Dynamics Company Details
Table Turbo Dynamics Revenue in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019)(Million US$)
Figure Turbo Dynamics Revenue Growth Rate in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019)
Table Turbo Dynamics Recent Development
Table Quantum Tuning Company Details
Table Quantum Tuning Revenue in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019)(Million US$)
Figure Quantum Tuning Revenue Growth Rate in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019)
Table Quantum Tuning Recent Development
Table EMAPS Company Details
Table EMAPS Revenue in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019)(Million US$)
Figure EMAPS Revenue Growth Rate in Engine Remapping Services Business (2014-2019)
Table EMAPS Recent Development
Table Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Regions (Million US$) 2019-2025
Figure Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size Share by Regions (2019-2025)
Figure Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size Share by Regions in 2025
Figure United States Engine Remapping Services Market Size Forecast (2019-2025)(Million USD)
Figure Europe Engine Remapping Services Market Size Forecast (2019-2025)(Million USD)
Figure China Engine Remapping Services Market Size Forecast (2019-2025)(Million USD)
Figure Japan Engine Remapping Services Market Size Forecast (2019-2025)(Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Engine Remapping Services Market Size Forecast (2019-2025)(Million USD)
Figure India Engine Remapping Services Market Size Forecast (2019-2025)(Million USD)
Figure Central & South America Engine Remapping Services Market Size Forecast (2019-2025)(Million USD)
Table Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Product (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Figure Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Product (2019-2025)
Figure Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Product in 2025
Table Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Figure Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application (2019-2025)
Figure Global Engine Remapping Services Market Size by Application in 2025
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources
  • Global Automotive 4D Imaging Radar Market Research Report 2024
    Published: 11-Jan-2024        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 141
    The global Automotive 4D Imaging Radar market was valued at US$ 116.13 million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ 7,017.98 million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of 75.08% during the forecast period 2024-2030. China market for Automotive 4D Imaging Radar is estimated to increase from $ 112.5 million in 2023 to reach $ 17,235.23 million by 2030, at a CAGR of 100.3% during the forecast period of 2024 through 2030. The major global manufacturers of Automotive 4D Imaging Radar include......
  • Global Automotive Rader Sensors Market Research Report 2024
    Published: 10-Jan-2024        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 116
    The global Automotive Rader Sensors market was valued at US$ million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of % during The forecast period 2024-2030. Automotive is a key driver of this industry. According to data from The World Automobile Organization (OICA), global automobile production and sales in 2017 reached their peak in The past 10 years, at 97.3 million and 95.89 million respectively. In 2018, The global economic expansion ended, and The ......
  • Global Side Door Latches Market Research Report 2024
    Published: 10-Jan-2024        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 101
    The global Side Door Latches market was valued at US$ million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of % during The forecast period 2024-2030. North American market for Side Door Latches is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during The forecast period of 2024 through 2030. Asia-Pacific market for Side Door Latches is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2030......
  • Global Tubeless Tires Market Research Report 2024
    Published: 10-Jan-2024        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 116
    The global Tubeless Tires market was valued at US$ million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of % during The forecast period 2024-2030. In 2022, global tire sales reached 1.749 billion units, of which The three major markets of Europe, North America and China will collectively sell 1.14 billion units, accounting for 65% of The total. China is The world's largest tire producer and exporter. Among The top 75 tire companies in 2022 released by T......
  • Global Motorcycle Lighting Market Research Report 2024
    Published: 10-Jan-2024        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 120
    The global Motorcycle Lighting market was valued at US$ million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of % during The forecast period 2024-2030. North American market for Motorcycle Lighting is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during The forecast period of 2024 through 2030. Asia-Pacific market for Motorcycle Lighting is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million b......
  • Global Wireless Car Charging Market Research Report 2024
    Published: 10-Jan-2024        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 87
    The global Wireless Car Charging market was valued at US$ 2401 million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ 10350 million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of 22.7% during The forecast period 2024-2030. North American market for Wireless Car Charging is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during The forecast period of 2024 through 2030. Asia-Pacific market for Wireless Car Charging is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023......
  • Global Fixed-route Autonomous Vehicle Market Research Report 2024
    Published: 10-Jan-2024        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 87
    The global Fixed-route Autonomous Vehicle market was valued at US$ million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of % during The forecast period 2024-2030. Automotive is a key driver of this industry. According to data from The World Automobile Organization (OICA), global automobile production and sales in 2017 reached their peak in The past 10 years, at 97.3 million and 95.89 million respectively. In 2018, The global economic expansion ended, an......
  • Global Eco Friendly Tyre Market Research Report 2024
    Published: 10-Jan-2024        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 95
    The global Eco Friendly Tyre market was valued at US$ million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of % during The forecast period 2024-2030. In 2022, global tire sales reached 1.749 billion units, of which The three major markets of Europe, North America and China will collectively sell 1.14 billion units, accounting for 65% of The total. China is The world's largest tire producer and exporter. Among The top 75 tire companies in 2022 released b......
  • Global Radial Tire Mold Market Research Report 2024
    Published: 10-Jan-2024        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 101
    This report studies Radial Tire Mold. Tire molds are used in The vulcanization molding of all kinds of tires. Usually, The tire molds can be classified in to segmented molds and two-piece molds. The global Radial Tire Mold market was valued at US$ 1522 million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ 1671.9 million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of 1.5% during The forecast period 2024-2030. In 2022, global tire sales reached 1.749 billion units, of which The three major markets of......
    • SERVICES
    Value for Money
    We believe in "optimum utilization of available budget and resources". While servicing our clients' (your) market research requirements, we keep the same approach in focus to help you get the best value for your $$s.
    Ever Growing Inventory
    Ranging from the smallest feasible / required data (datasheets, data facts, SWOT analysis, company profiles, etc) to full research reports that help you make decisions, our inventory is updated almost on a daily basis with the latest industry reports from domain experts that track more than 5000 niche sectors.
    One Stop Solution
    Need a custom research report on medical devices market? Require all available business intelligence on 3D printing industry? Exploring F&B sector of a particular country/region? RnRMarketResearch.com is your one-stop-solution to all market intelligence needs. We not only offer custom research and consulting services, we also "bundle" reports to meet your needs and help you fetch the data analysis you require for your business.
    Dedicated Client Engagement
    Not limited to only "finding" relevant reports for you, our client engagement team dedicates its efforts to understand your "business need" and accordingly maps available research data to help you move forward. Call "your" client engagement executive any time of your day and get your questions answered in order to make the correct business decision.
    Saving Time and Efforts
    Simply share your research requirement details with us and let us do all the hard work to find required intelligence for you. When you add up our "one stop solution" and "dedicated client engagement" services mentioned above, you obviously know the time and effort saving you do by working with us.
    Payment Flexibility
    Working with Fortune 500 organizations, we understand the importance of being flexible for payments. Share your payment terms with us and we will surely match up to them to ensure you get access to required business intelligence data without having to wait for the payment to be done.
    Post-Purchase Research Support
    Have questions after reading a report / datasheet bought through us? Not sure about the methodology used for data available in the research? Talk to us / Share your questions with us and if required, we will connect you with the analyst(s)/author(s) of the report(s) and ensure you get satisfactory answers for the same. Need more data / analysis / report(s) on the topic of your research/project? The RnRMarketResearch.com team is here for you 24X7 to support you with your post-purchase requirements. Subscription Offers & Packages (Get in touch with us for more details - [email protected] / +1 888 391 5441 )
    • Ad Hoc
    • Pay - as - you - go / Bucket Subscriptions
    • Fixed Cost for #of reports
    • Customize / Personalize as per your needs