2013-2028 Report on Global Car Wax Market by Player, Region, Type, Application and Sales Channel

Publisher Name :
Date: 01-Feb-2020
No. of pages: 118

The global Car Wax market was valued at $XX million in 2018, and MAResearch analysts predict the global market size will reach $XX million by the end of 2028, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2018 and 2028.

This report provides detailed historical analysis of global market for Car Wax from 2013-2018, and provides extensive market forecasts from 2019-2028 by region/country and subsectors. It covers the sales volume, price, revenue, gross margin, historical growth and future perspectives in the Car Wax market.

Leading players of Car Wax including:

- - Turtle Wax

- - 3M

- - Henkel

- - SONAX

- - Northern Labs

- - Malco Products

- - Mother's

- - Bullsone

- - Prestone

- - Darent Wax

- - Biaobang

- - Chief

- - Tetrosyl (CarPlan)

- - SOFT99

Market split by Type, can be divided into:

- - Natural Waxes

- - Synthetic Waxes

Market split by Application, can be divided into:

- - Paste Waxes

- - Liquid Waxes

- - Spray Waxes

- - Colored Waxes

Market split by Sales Channel, can be divided into:

- - Direct Channel

- - Distribution Channel

Market segment by Region/Country including:

- - North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)

- - Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia and Spain etc.)

- - Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Australia and Southeast Asia etc.)

- - South America Brazil, Argentina, Colombia and Chile etc.)

- - Middle East & Africa (South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia etc.)

If you have any special requirement, please let us know and we can provide you the report as your requirement.

2013-2028 Report on Global Car Wax Market by Player, Region, Type, Application and Sales Channel

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Car Wax Market Overview
1.1 Car Wax Definition
1.2 Global Car Wax Market Size Status and Outlook (2013-2028)
1.3 Global Car Wax Market Size Comparison by Region (2013-2028)
1.4 Global Car Wax Market Size Comparison by Type (2013-2028)
1.5 Global Car Wax Market Size Comparison by Application (2013-2028)
1.6 Global Car Wax Market Size Comparison by Sales Channel (2013-2028)
1.7 Car Wax Market Dynamics
1.7.1 Market Drivers/Opportunities
1.7.2 Market Challenges/Risks
1.7.3 Market News (Mergers/Acquisitions/ Expansion)
Chapter 2 Car Wax Market Segment Analysis by Player
2.1 Global Car Wax Sales and Market Share by Player (2016-2018)
2.2 Global Car Wax Revenue and Market Share by Player (2016-2018)
2.3 Global Car Wax Average Price by Player (2016-2018)
2.4 Players Competition Situation & Trends
2.5 Conclusion of Segment by Player
Chapter 3 Car Wax Market Segment Analysis by Type
3.1 Global Car Wax Market by Type
3.1.1 Natural Waxes
3.1.2 Synthetic Waxes
3.2 Global Car Wax Sales and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
3.3 Global Car Wax Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
3.4 Global Car Wax Average Price by Type (2013-2018)
3.5 Leading Players of Car Wax by Type in 2018
3.6 Conclusion of Segment by Type
Chapter 4 Car Wax Market Segment Analysis by Application
4.1 Global Car Wax Market by Application
4.1.1 Paste Waxes
4.1.2 Liquid Waxes
4.1.3 Spray Waxes
4.1.4 Colored Waxes
4.2 Global Car Wax Sales and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
4.3 Leading Consumers of Car Wax by Application in 2018
4.4 Conclusion of Segment by Application
Chapter 5 Car Wax Market Segment Analysis by Sales Channel
5.1 Global Car Wax Market by Sales Channel
5.1.1 Direct Channel
5.1.2 Distribution Channel
5.2 Global Car Wax Sales and Market Share by Sales Channel (2013-2018)
5.3 Leading Distributors/Dealers of Car Wax by Sales Channel in 2018
5.4 Conclusion of Segment by Sales Channel
Chapter 6 Car Wax Market Segment Analysis by Region
6.1 Global Car Wax Market Size and CAGR by Region (2013-2028)
6.2 Global Car Wax Sales and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
6.3 Global Car Wax Revenue and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
6.4 North America
6.4.1 North America Market by Country
6.4.2 North America Car Wax Market Share by Type
6.4.3 North America Car Wax Market Share by Application
6.4.4 United States
6.4.5 Canada
6.4.6 Mexico
6.5 Europe
6.5.1 Europe Market by Country
6.5.2 Europe Car Wax Market Share by Type
6.5.3 Europe Car Wax Market Share by Application
6.5.4 Germany
6.5.5 UK
6.5.6 France
6.5.7 Italy
6.5.8 Russia
6.5.9 Spain
6.6 Asia-Pacific
6.6.1 Asia-Pacific Market by Country
6.6.2 Asia-Pacific Car Wax Market Share by Type
6.6.3 Asia-Pacific Car Wax Market Share by Application
6.6.4 China
6.6.5 Japan
6.6.6 Korea
6.6.7 India
6.6.8 Southeast Asia
6.6.9 Australia
6.7 South America
6.7.1 South America Market by Country
6.7.2 South America Car Wax Market Share by Type
6.7.3 South America Car Wax Market Share by Application
6.7.4 Brazil
6.7.5 Argentina
6.7.6 Colombia
6.7.7 Chile
6.8 Middle East & Africa
6.8.1 Middle East & Africa Market by Country
6.8.2 Middle East & Africa Car Wax Market Share by Type
6.8.3 Middle East & Africa Car Wax Market Share by Application
6.8.4 Egypt
6.8.5 Saudi Arabia
6.8.6 South Africa
6.8.7 Nigeria
6.9 Conclusion of Segment by Region
Chapter 7 Profile of Leading Car Wax Players
7.1 Turtle Wax
7.1.1 Company Snapshot
7.1.2 Product/Business Offered
7.1.3 Business Performance (Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share)
7.1.4 Strategy and SWOT Analysis
7.2 3M
7.3 Henkel
7.4 SONAX
7.5 Northern Labs
7.6 Malco Products
7.7 Mother's
7.8 Bullsone
7.9 Prestone
7.10 Darent Wax
7.11 Biaobang
7.12 Chief
7.13 Tetrosyl (CarPlan)
7.14 SOFT99
Chapter 8 Upstream and Downstream Analysis of Car Wax
8.1 Industrial Chain of Car Wax
8.2 Upstream of Car Wax
8.2.1 Raw Materials
8.2.2 Labor Cost
8.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
8.2.4 Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.2.5 Manufacturing Process
8.3 Downstream of Car Wax
8.3.1 Leading Distributors/Dealers of Car Wax
8.3.2 Leading Consumers of Car Wax
Chapter 9 Development Trend of Car Wax (2019-2028)
9.1 Global Car Wax Market Size (Sales and Revenue) Forecast (2019-2028)
9.2 Global Car Wax Market Size and CAGR Forecast by Region (2019-2028)
9.3 Global Car Wax Market Size and CAGR Forecast by Type (2019-2028)
9.4 Global Car Wax Market Size and CAGR Forecast by Application (2019-2028)
9.5 Global Car Wax Market Size Forecast by Sales Channel (2019-2028)
Chapter 10 Appendix
10.1 Research Methodology
10.2 Data Sources
10.3 Disclaimer
10.4 Analysts Certification

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Car Wax Example
Figure Global Car Wax Revenue (Million $) Status and Outlook (2013-2028)
Figure Global Car Wax Revenue (Million $) Comparison by Region (2013-2028)
Figure Global Car Wax Sales Comparison by Type (2013-2028)
Figure Global Car Wax Sales Comparison by Application (2013-2028)
Figure Global Car Wax Sales Comparison by Sales Channel (2013-2028)
Table Global Car Wax Sales by Player (2016-2018)
Table Global Car Wax Sales Market Share by Player (2016-2018)
Figure Global Car Wax Sales Market Share by Player in 2018
Table Global Car Wax Revenue (Million $) by Player (2016-2018)
Table Global Car Wax Revenue Market Share by Player (2016-2018)
Figure Global Car Wax Revenue Market Share by Player in 2018
Table Global Car Wax Average Price by Player (2016-2018)
Figure Global Car Wax Average Price by Player in 2018
Figure Global Car Wax Players Competition Situation - Top 5 Players' Revenue Market Share in 2016
Figure Global Car Wax Players Competition Trends - Top 5 Players' Revenue Market Share in 2018
Figure Example of Natural Waxes
Figure Global Natural Waxes Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Example of Synthetic Waxes
Figure Global Synthetic Waxes Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Table Global Car Wax Sales by Type (2013-2018)
Table Global Car Wax Sales Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Global Car Wax Sales Market Share by Type in 2018
Table Global Car Wax Revenue (Million $) by Type (2013-2018)
Table Global Car Wax Revenue Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Global Car Wax Revenue Market Share by Type in 2018
Table Global Car Wax Average Price by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Global Car Wax Average Price by Type in 2018
Table Leading Players of Car Wax by Type in 2018
Figure Example of Paste Waxes
Figure Global Car Wax for Paste Waxes Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Example of Liquid Waxes
Figure Global Car Wax for Liquid Waxes Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Example of Spray Waxes
Figure Global Car Wax for Spray Waxes Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Example of Colored Waxes
Figure Global Car Wax for Colored Waxes Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Table Global Car Wax Sales by Application (2013-2018)
Table Global Car Wax Sales Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
Figure Global Car Wax Sales Market Share by Application in 2018
Table Leading Consumers of Car Wax by Application in 2018
Figure Example of Direct Channel
Figure Global Car Wax for Direct Channel Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Example of Distribution Channel
Figure Global Car Wax for Distribution Channel Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Table Global Car Wax Sales by Sales Channel (2013-2018)
Table Global Car Wax Sales Market Share by Sales Channel (2013-2018)
Figure Global Car Wax Sales Market Share by Sales Channel in 2018
Table Leading Distributors/Dealers of Car Wax by Sales Channel in 2018
Table Global Car Wax Market Size and CAGR by Region (2013-2028)
Table Global Car Wax Sales by Region (2013-2018)
Table Global Car Wax Sales Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure Global Car Wax Sales Market Share by Region in 2018
Table Global Car Wax Revenue (Million $) by Region (2013-2018)
Table Global Car Wax Revenue Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure Global Car Wax Revenue Market Share by Region in 2018
Table North America Car Wax Sales by Country (2013-2018)
Figure North America Car Wax Sales Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
Table North America Car Wax Revenue by Country (2013-2018)
Figure North America Car Wax Revenue Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
Figure North America Car Wax Sales Market Share by Type in 2018
Figure North America Car Wax Sales Market Share by Application in 2018
Figure United States Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure United States Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Canada Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Canada Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Mexico Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Mexico Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Table Europe Car Wax Sales by Country (2013-2018)
Figure Europe Car Wax Sales Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
Table Europe Car Wax Revenue by Country (2013-2018)
Figure Europe Car Wax Revenue Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
Figure Europe Car Wax Sales Market Share by Type in 2018
Figure Europe Car Wax Sales Market Share by Application in 2018
Figure Germany Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Germany Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure UK Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure UK Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure France Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure France Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Italy Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Italy Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Russia Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Russia Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Spain Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Spain Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Table Asia-Pacific Car Wax Sales by Country (2013-2018)
Figure Asia-Pacific Car Wax Sales Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
Table Asia-Pacific Car Wax Revenue by Country (2013-2018)
Figure Asia-Pacific Car Wax Revenue Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
Figure Asia-Pacific Car Wax Sales Market Share by Type in 2018
Figure Asia-Pacific Car Wax Sales Market Share by Application in 2018
Figure China Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure China Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Japan Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Japan Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Korea Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Korea Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure India Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure India Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Southeast Asia Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Southeast Asia Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Australia Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Australia Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Table South America Car Wax Sales by Country (2013-2018)
Figure South America Car Wax Sales Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
Table South America Car Wax Revenue by Country (2013-2018)
Figure South America Car Wax Revenue Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
Figure South America Car Wax Sales Market Share by Type in 2018
Figure South America Car Wax Sales Market Share by Application in 2018
Figure Brazil Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Brazil Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Argentina Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Argentina Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Colombia Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Colombia Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Chile Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Chile Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Table Middle East & Africa Car Wax Sales by Country (2013-2018)
Figure Middle East & Africa Car Wax Sales Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
Table Middle East & Africa Car Wax Revenue by Country (2013-2018)
Figure Middle East & Africa Car Wax Revenue Market Share by Country (2013-2018)
Figure Middle East & Africa Car Wax Sales Market Share by Type in 2018
Figure Middle East & Africa Car Wax Sales Market Share by Application in 2018
Figure Egypt Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Egypt Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Saudi Arabia Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Saudi Arabia Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure South Africa Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure South Africa Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Nigeria Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Nigeria Car Wax Revenue (Million $) and Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Table Company Snapshot of Turtle Wax
Table Car Wax Introduction of Turtle Wax
Table Car Wax Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share of Turtle Wax (2016-2018)
Table Industrial Chain of Car Wax
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure of Car Wax
Table General Manufacturing Process of Car Wax
Table Leading Distributors/Dealers of Car Wax
Table Leading Consumers of Car Wax
Figure Global Car Wax Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2028)
Figure Global Car Wax Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2028)
Table Global Car Wax Market Size and CAGR Forecast by Region (2019-2028)
Table Global Car Wax Market Size and CAGR Forecast by Type (2019-2028)
Table Global Car Wax Market Size and CAGR Forecast by Application (2019-2028)
Table Global Car Wax Market Size and CAGR Forecast by Sales Channel (2019-2028)
  • Global Paint and Coatings Market Research Report 2024
    Published: 10-Jan-2024        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 133
    Paint is defined as a paints material in liquid or solid which when spread on a surface adheres and hardens forms a film that protect, decorated or add a specific feature to The surface on which it is deposited. The global Paint and Coatings market was valued at US$ 203.4 million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ 241 million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of 2.4% during The forecast period 2024-2030. China is The largest Paints & Coatings market with about 37% market share.......
  • Global Anti-Foam Decorative Coating Additive Market Research Report 2024
    Published: 10-Jan-2024        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 89
    The global Anti-Foam Decorative Coating Additive market was valued at US$ million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of % during The forecast period 2024-2030. North American market for Anti-Foam Decorative Coating Additive is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during The forecast period of 2024 through 2030. Asia-Pacific market for Anti-Foam Decorative Coating Additive is estimated t......
  • Global Dispersing Coating Additive Market Research Report 2024
    Published: 10-Jan-2024        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 91
    The global Dispersing Coating Additive market was valued at US$ million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of % during The forecast period 2024-2030. With The increase in environmental awareness and The requirements for sustainable development, dispersion coating additives will pay more attention to environmental protection and sustainability, reducing The impact on The environment and human health. With The rapid development of The industrial......
  • Global Rheology Modifier Coating Additive Market Research Report 2024
    Published: 10-Jan-2024        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 93
    The global Rheology Modifier Coating Additive market was valued at US$ million in 2023 and is anticipated to reach US$ million by 2030, witnessing a CAGR of % during The forecast period 2024-2030. North American market for Rheology Modifier Coating Additive is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2030, at a CAGR of % during The forecast period of 2024 through 2030. Asia-Pacific market for Rheology Modifier Coating Additive is estimated to increas......
  • Global Powder Coatings Market Research Report 2024
    Published: 08-Jan-2024        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 125
    Powder coating is a type of coating that is applied as a free-flowing, dry powder. The main difference between a conventional liquid paint and a powder coating is that The powder coating does not require a solvent to keep The binder and filler parts in a liquid suspension form. The coating is applied electrostatically and is then cured under heat to allow it to flow and form a "skin". The powder may be a thermoplastic or a thermoset polymer. It is usually used to create a hard finish that is tou......
  • Global Spray Polyurea Elastomer (SPUA) Market Research Report 2024
    Published: 08-Jan-2024        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 102
    A Spray Polyurea Elastomer (SPUA) is derived from a reaction of an isocyanate component and a resin blend component. The material has high mechanical strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, oil resistance, water resistance, aging resistance, alternating temperature (pressure) and other outstanding performance. "Spray Polyurea Elastomer Technology" (also known as "100% solid content spray polyurea elastomer technology") is following The high solids Sub-coating, water-based paint, powder ......
  • Global Automotive Coatings Market Growth 2024-2030
    Published: 04-Jan-2024        Price: US 3660 Onwards        Pages: 113
    According to our LPI (LP Information) latest study, the global Automotive Coatings market size was valued at US$ 18750 million in 2023. With growing demand in downstream market, the Automotive Coatings is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ 23520 million by 2030 with a CAGR of 3.3% during review period. The research report highlights the growth potential of the global Automotive Coatings market. Automotive Coatings are expected to show stable growth in the future market. However, produc......
  • Global Anti-Corrosion Coating Market Growth 2024-2030
    Published: 04-Jan-2024        Price: US 3660 Onwards        Pages: 155
    According to our LPI (LP Information) latest study, the global Anti-Corrosion Coating market size was valued at US$ 85700 million in 2023. With growing demand in downstream market, the Anti-Corrosion Coating is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ 119600 million by 2030 with a CAGR of 4.9% during review period. The research report highlights the growth potential of the global Anti-Corrosion Coating market. Anti-Corrosion Coating are expected to show stable growth in the future market. Ho......
  • Global Sputter Coating Market Growth 2024-2030
    Published: 04-Jan-2024        Price: US 3660 Onwards        Pages: 120
    According to our LPI (LP Information) latest study, the global Sputter Coating market size was valued at US$ 7212.6 million in 2023. With growing demand in downstream market, the Sputter Coating is forecast to a readjusted size of US$ 9926.5 million by 2030 with a CAGR of 4.7% during review period. The research report highlights the growth potential of the global Sputter Coating market. Sputter Coating are expected to show stable growth in the future market. However, product differentiat......
  • SERVICES
    Value for Money
    We believe in "optimum utilization of available budget and resources". While servicing our clients' (your) market research requirements, we keep the same approach in focus to help you get the best value for your $$s.
    Ever Growing Inventory
    Ranging from the smallest feasible / required data (datasheets, data facts, SWOT analysis, company profiles, etc) to full research reports that help you make decisions, our inventory is updated almost on a daily basis with the latest industry reports from domain experts that track more than 5000 niche sectors.
    One Stop Solution
    Need a custom research report on medical devices market? Require all available business intelligence on 3D printing industry? Exploring F&B sector of a particular country/region? RnRMarketResearch.com is your one-stop-solution to all market intelligence needs. We not only offer custom research and consulting services, we also "bundle" reports to meet your needs and help you fetch the data analysis you require for your business.
    Dedicated Client Engagement
    Not limited to only "finding" relevant reports for you, our client engagement team dedicates its efforts to understand your "business need" and accordingly maps available research data to help you move forward. Call "your" client engagement executive any time of your day and get your questions answered in order to make the correct business decision.
    Saving Time and Efforts
    Simply share your research requirement details with us and let us do all the hard work to find required intelligence for you. When you add up our "one stop solution" and "dedicated client engagement" services mentioned above, you obviously know the time and effort saving you do by working with us.
    Payment Flexibility
    Working with Fortune 500 organizations, we understand the importance of being flexible for payments. Share your payment terms with us and we will surely match up to them to ensure you get access to required business intelligence data without having to wait for the payment to be done.
    Post-Purchase Research Support
    Have questions after reading a report / datasheet bought through us? Not sure about the methodology used for data available in the research? Talk to us / Share your questions with us and if required, we will connect you with the analyst(s)/author(s) of the report(s) and ensure you get satisfactory answers for the same. Need more data / analysis / report(s) on the topic of your research/project? The RnRMarketResearch.com team is here for you 24X7 to support you with your post-purchase requirements. Subscription Offers & Packages (Get in touch with us for more details - [email protected] / +1 888 391 5441 )
    • Ad Hoc
    • Pay - as - you - go / Bucket Subscriptions
    • Fixed Cost for #of reports
    • Customize / Personalize as per your needs