United States PTC Heaters Market Report & Forecast 2021-2027
Table of Contents1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 PTC Heaters Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Segment by Type
1.2.2 Segment by Application
1.3 United States PTC Heaters Market Overview
1.4 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.4.1 Research Methodology
1.4.2 Research Process
1.4.3 Base Year
2 United States PTC Heaters Overall Market Size
2.1 United States PTC Heaters Market Size: 2021 VS 2027
2.2 United States PTC Heaters Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2016-2027
2.3 United States PTC Heaters Sales: 2016-2027
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top PTC Heaters Players in United States Market
3.2 Top United States PTC Heaters Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 United States PTC Heaters Revenue by Companies
3.4 United States PTC Heaters Sales by Companies
3.5 United States PTC Heaters Price by Manufacturer (2016-2021)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 PTC Heaters Companies in United States Market, by Revenue in 2020
3.7 Manufacturers PTC Heaters Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 PTC Heaters Players in United States Market
3.8.1 List of Tier 1 PTC Heaters Companies in United States
3.8.2 List of Tier 2 and Tier 3 PTC Heaters Companies in United States
4 Sights by Type
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - United States PTC Heaters Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2027
4.1.2 PTC Air Heaters
4.1.3 PTC Heat Conductors and Convection Heaters
4.2 By Type - United States PTC Heaters Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - United States PTC Heaters Revenue, 2016-2021
4.2.2 By Type - United States PTC Heaters Revenue, 2022-2027
4.2.3 By Type - United States PTC Heaters Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
4.3 By Type - United States PTC Heaters Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - United States PTC Heaters Sales, 2016-2021
4.3.2 By Type - United States PTC Heaters Sales, 2022-2027
4.3.3 By Type - United States PTC Heaters Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
4.4 By Type - United States PTC Heaters Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2016-2027
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - United States PTC Heaters Market Size, 2021 & 2027
5.1.2 Electric Car
5.1.3 Household Appliances
5.1.4 Commercial and Industrial Equipment
5.1.5 Others
5.2 By Application - United States PTC Heaters Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - United States PTC Heaters Revenue, 2016-2021
5.2.2 By Application - United States PTC Heaters Revenue, 2022-2027
5.2.3 By Application - United States PTC Heaters Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
5.3 By Application - United States PTC Heaters Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - United States PTC Heaters Sales, 2016-2021
5.3.2 By Application - United States PTC Heaters Sales, 2022-2027
5.3.3 By Application - United States PTC Heaters Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
5.4 By Application - United States PTC Heaters Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2016-2027
6 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
6.1 Eberspächer
6.1.1 Eberspächer Corporation Information
6.1.2 Eberspächer Overview
6.1.3 Eberspächer PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.1.4 Eberspächer PTC Heaters Product Description
6.1.5 Eberspächer Recent Developments
6.2 Backer Group
6.2.1 Backer Group Corporation Information
6.2.2 Backer Group Overview
6.2.3 Backer Group PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.2.4 Backer Group PTC Heaters Product Description
6.2.5 Backer Group Recent Developments
6.3 Suzhou new electronics Co., LTD.
6.3.1 Suzhou new electronics Co., LTD. Corporation Information
6.3.2 Suzhou new electronics Co., LTD. Overview
6.3.3 Suzhou new electronics Co., LTD. PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.3.4 Suzhou new electronics Co., LTD. PTC Heaters Product Description
6.3.5 Suzhou new electronics Co., LTD. Recent Developments
6.4 Zhenjiang Dongfang Electric Heating Technology Co.,Ltd
6.4.1 Zhenjiang Dongfang Electric Heating Technology Co.,Ltd Corporation Information
6.4.2 Zhenjiang Dongfang Electric Heating Technology Co.,Ltd Overview
6.4.3 Zhenjiang Dongfang Electric Heating Technology Co.,Ltd PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.4.4 Zhenjiang Dongfang Electric Heating Technology Co.,Ltd PTC Heaters Product Description
6.4.5 Zhenjiang Dongfang Electric Heating Technology Co.,Ltd Recent Developments
6.5 MAHLE
6.5.1 MAHLE Corporation Information
6.5.2 MAHLE Overview
6.5.3 MAHLE PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.5.4 MAHLE PTC Heaters Product Description
6.5.5 MAHLE Recent Developments
6.6 DBK Group
6.6.1 DBK Group Corporation Information
6.6.2 DBK Group Overview
6.6.3 DBK Group PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.6.4 DBK Group PTC Heaters Product Description
6.6.5 DBK Group Recent Developments
6.7 Shanghai XINPA
6.7.1 Shanghai XINPA Corporation Information
6.7.2 Shanghai XINPA Overview
6.7.3 Shanghai XINPA PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.7.4 Shanghai XINPA PTC Heaters Product Description
6.7.5 Shanghai XINPA Recent Developments
6.8 Shanghai Xinye Electronics
6.8.1 Shanghai Xinye Electronics Corporation Information
6.8.2 Shanghai Xinye Electronics Overview
6.8.3 Shanghai Xinye Electronics PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.8.4 Shanghai Xinye Electronics PTC Heaters Product Description
6.8.5 Shanghai Xinye Electronics Recent Developments
6.9 HGTECH
6.9.1 HGTECH Corporation Information
6.9.2 HGTECH Overview
6.9.3 HGTECH PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.9.4 HGTECH PTC Heaters Product Description
6.9.5 HGTECH Recent Developments
6.10 Mountain Source
6.10.1 Mountain Source Corporation Information
6.10.2 Mountain Source Overview
6.10.3 Mountain Source PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.10.4 Mountain Source PTC Heaters Product Description
6.10.5 Mountain Source Recent Developments
6.11 Sharing Electronics
6.11.1 Sharing Electronics Corporation Information
6.11.2 Sharing Electronics Overview
6.11.3 Sharing Electronics PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.11.4 Sharing Electronics PTC Heaters Product Description
6.11.5 Sharing Electronics Recent Developments
6.12 GMN
6.12.1 GMN Corporation Information
6.12.2 GMN Overview
6.12.3 GMN PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.12.4 GMN PTC Heaters Product Description
6.12.5 GMN Recent Developments
6.13 Headway
6.13.1 Headway Corporation Information
6.13.2 Headway Overview
6.13.3 Headway PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.13.4 Headway PTC Heaters Product Description
6.13.5 Headway Recent Developments
6.14 Chongqing Shiji Jingxin Industry
6.14.1 Chongqing Shiji Jingxin Industry Corporation Information
6.14.2 Chongqing Shiji Jingxin Industry Overview
6.14.3 Chongqing Shiji Jingxin Industry PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.14.4 Chongqing Shiji Jingxin Industry PTC Heaters Product Description
6.14.5 Chongqing Shiji Jingxin Industry Recent Developments
6.15 STEGO
6.15.1 STEGO Corporation Information
6.15.2 STEGO Overview
6.15.3 STEGO PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.15.4 STEGO PTC Heaters Product Description
6.15.5 STEGO Recent Developments
6.16 Calienté
6.16.1 Calienté Corporation Information
6.16.2 Calienté Overview
6.16.3 Calienté PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.16.4 Calienté PTC Heaters Product Description
6.16.5 Calienté Recent Developments
6.17 Xingchen Electric Heater
6.17.1 Xingchen Electric Heater Corporation Information
6.17.2 Xingchen Electric Heater Overview
6.17.3 Xingchen Electric Heater PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.17.4 Xingchen Electric Heater PTC Heaters Product Description
6.17.5 Xingchen Electric Heater Recent Developments
6.18 KLC
6.18.1 KLC Corporation Information
6.18.2 KLC Overview
6.18.3 KLC PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.18.4 KLC PTC Heaters Product Description
6.18.5 KLC Recent Developments
6.19 Beno Electric
6.19.1 Beno Electric Corporation Information
6.19.2 Beno Electric Overview
6.19.3 Beno Electric PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.19.4 Beno Electric PTC Heaters Product Description
6.19.5 Beno Electric Recent Developments
6.20 ROTFIL
6.20.1 ROTFIL Corporation Information
6.20.2 ROTFIL Overview
6.20.3 ROTFIL PTC Heaters Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.20.4 ROTFIL PTC Heaters Product Description
6.20.5 ROTFIL Recent Developments
7 United States PTC Heaters Production Capacity, Analysis
7.1 United States PTC Heaters Production Capacity, 2016-2027
7.2 PTC Heaters Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in United States Market
8 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
8.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
8.2 Market Drivers
8.3 Market Restraints
9 PTC Heaters Supply Chain Analysis
9.1 PTC Heaters Industry Value Chain
9.2 PTC Heaters Upstream Market
9.3 PTC Heaters Downstream and Clients
9.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
9.4.1 Marketing Channels
9.4.2 PTC Heaters Distributors and Sales Agents in United States Market
10 Conclusion
11 Appendix
11.1 Note
11.2 Examples of Clients
11.3 Author Details
11.4 Disclaimer
List of TablesTable 1. Key Players of PTC Heaters in United States Market
Table 2. Top PTC Heaters Players in United States Market, Ranking by Revenue (2019)
Table 3. United States PTC Heaters Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2016-2021
Table 4. United States PTC Heaters Revenue Share by Companies, 2016-2021
Table 5. United States PTC Heaters Sales by Companies, (M Units), 2016-2021
Table 6. United States PTC Heaters Sales Share by Companies, 2016-2021
Table 7. Key Manufacturers PTC Heaters Price (2016-2021) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Manufacturers PTC Heaters Product Type
Table 9. List of Tier 1 PTC Heaters Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2020 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Tier 2 and Tier 3 PTC Heaters Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2020 and Market Share
Table 11. Major Manufacturers of PTC Air Heaters
Table 12. Major Manufacturers of PTC Heat Conductors and Convection Heaters
Table 13. By Type - United States PTC Heaters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2027
Table 14. By Type - United States PTC Heaters Revenue (US$, Mn), 2016-2021
Table 15. By Type - United States PTC Heaters Revenue (US$, Mn), 2022-2027
Table 16. By Type - United States PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), 2016-2021
Table 17. By Type - United States PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), 2022-2027
Table 18. By Application - United States PTC Heaters Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2027
Table 19. By Application - United States PTC Heaters Revenue (US$, Mn), 2016-2021
Table 20. By Application - United States PTC Heaters Revenue (US$, Mn), 2022-2027
Table 21. By Application - United States PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), 2016-2021
Table 22. By Application - United States PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), 2022-2027
Table 23. Eberspächer Corporation Information
Table 24. Eberspächer Description and Major Businesses
Table 25. Eberspächer PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 26. Eberspächer PTC Heaters Product
Table 27. Eberspächer Recent Developments
Table 28. Backer Group Corporation Information
Table 29. Backer Group Description and Major Businesses
Table 30. Backer Group PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 31. Backer Group PTC Heaters Product
Table 32. Backer Group Recent Developments
Table 33. Suzhou new electronics Co., LTD. Corporation Information
Table 34. Suzhou new electronics Co., LTD. Description and Major Businesses
Table 35. Suzhou new electronics Co., LTD. PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 36. Suzhou new electronics Co., LTD. PTC Heaters Product
Table 37. Suzhou new electronics Co., LTD. Recent Developments
Table 38. Zhenjiang Dongfang Electric Heating Technology Co.,Ltd Corporation Information
Table 39. Zhenjiang Dongfang Electric Heating Technology Co.,Ltd Description and Major Businesses
Table 40. Zhenjiang Dongfang Electric Heating Technology Co.,Ltd PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 41. Zhenjiang Dongfang Electric Heating Technology Co.,Ltd PTC Heaters Product
Table 42. Zhenjiang Dongfang Electric Heating Technology Co.,Ltd Recent Developments
Table 43. MAHLE Corporation Information
Table 44. MAHLE Description and Major Businesses
Table 45. MAHLE PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 46. MAHLE PTC Heaters Product
Table 47. MAHLE Recent Developments
Table 48. DBK Group Corporation Information
Table 49. DBK Group Description and Major Businesses
Table 50. DBK Group PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 51. DBK Group PTC Heaters Product
Table 52. DBK Group Recent Developments
Table 53. Shanghai XINPA Corporation Information
Table 54. Shanghai XINPA Description and Major Businesses
Table 55. Shanghai XINPA PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 56. Shanghai XINPA PTC Heaters Product
Table 57. Shanghai XINPA Recent Developments
Table 58. Shanghai Xinye Electronics Corporation Information
Table 59. Shanghai Xinye Electronics Description and Major Businesses
Table 60. Shanghai Xinye Electronics PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 61. Shanghai Xinye Electronics PTC Heaters Product
Table 62. Shanghai Xinye Electronics Recent Developments
Table 63. HGTECH Corporation Information
Table 64. HGTECH Description and Major Businesses
Table 65. HGTECH PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 66. HGTECH PTC Heaters Product
Table 67. HGTECH Recent Developments
Table 68. Mountain Source Corporation Information
Table 69. Mountain Source Description and Major Businesses
Table 70. Mountain Source PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 71. Mountain Source PTC Heaters Product
Table 72. Mountain Source Recent Developments
Table 73. Sharing Electronics Corporation Information
Table 74. Sharing Electronics Description and Major Businesses
Table 75. Sharing Electronics PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 76. Sharing Electronics PTC Heaters Product
Table 77. Sharing Electronics Recent Developments
Table 78. GMN Corporation Information
Table 79. GMN Description and Major Businesses
Table 80. GMN PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 81. GMN PTC Heaters Product
Table 82. GMN Recent Developments
Table 83. Headway Corporation Information
Table 84. Headway Description and Major Businesses
Table 85. Headway PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 86. Headway PTC Heaters Product
Table 87. Headway Recent Developments
Table 88. Chongqing Shiji Jingxin Industry Corporation Information
Table 89. Chongqing Shiji Jingxin Industry Description and Major Businesses
Table 90. Chongqing Shiji Jingxin Industry PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 91. Chongqing Shiji Jingxin Industry PTC Heaters Product
Table 92. Chongqing Shiji Jingxin Industry Recent Developments
Table 93. STEGO Corporation Information
Table 94. STEGO Description and Major Businesses
Table 95. STEGO PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 96. STEGO PTC Heaters Product
Table 97. STEGO Recent Developments
Table 98. Calienté Corporation Information
Table 99. Calienté Description and Major Businesses
Table 100. Calienté PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 101. Calienté PTC Heaters Product
Table 102. Calienté Recent Developments
Table 103. Xingchen Electric Heater Corporation Information
Table 104. Xingchen Electric Heater Description and Major Businesses
Table 105. Xingchen Electric Heater PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 106. Xingchen Electric Heater PTC Heaters Product
Table 107. Xingchen Electric Heater Recent Developments
Table 108. KLC Corporation Information
Table 109. KLC Description and Major Businesses
Table 110. KLC PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 111. KLC PTC Heaters Product
Table 112. KLC Recent Developments
Table 113. Beno Electric Corporation Information
Table 114. Beno Electric Description and Major Businesses
Table 115. Beno Electric PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 116. Beno Electric PTC Heaters Product
Table 117. Beno Electric Recent Developments
Table 118. ROTFIL Corporation Information
Table 119. ROTFIL Description and Major Businesses
Table 120. ROTFIL PTC Heaters Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (US$/Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 121. ROTFIL PTC Heaters Product
Table 122. ROTFIL Recent Developments
Table 123. PTC Heaters Production Capacity (M Units) of Key Manufacturers in United States Market, 2019-2021 (M Units)
Table 124. United States PTC Heaters Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2019-2021
Table 125. PTC Heaters Market Opportunities & Trends in United States Market
Table 126. PTC Heaters Market Drivers in United States Market
Table 127. PTC Heaters Market Restraints in United States Market
Table 128. PTC Heaters Raw Materials
Table 129. PTC Heaters Raw Materials Suppliers in United States Market
Table 130. Typical PTC Heaters Downstream
Table 131. PTC Heaters Downstream Clients in United States Market
Table 132. PTC Heaters Distributors and Sales Agents in United States Market
List of FiguresFigure 1. PTC Heaters Product Picture
Figure 2. PTC Heaters Segment by Type
Figure 3. PTC Heaters Segment by Application
Figure 4. United States PTC Heaters Market Overview: 2020
Figure 5. United States PTC Heaters Market Size: 2021 VS 2027 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. United States PTC Heaters Revenue, 2016-2027 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. PTC Heaters Sales in United States Market: 2016-2027 (M Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by PTC Heaters Revenue in 2020
Figure 9. PTC Air Heaters Product Picture
Figure 10. PTC Heat Conductors and Convection Heaters Product Picture
Figure 11. By Type - United States PTC Heaters Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 12. By Type - United States PTC Heaters Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 13. By Type - United States PTC Heaters Price (US$/Unit), 2016-2027
Figure 14. Electric Car
Figure 15. Household Appliances
Figure 16. Commercial and Industrial Equipment
Figure 17. Others
Figure 18. By Application - United States PTC Heaters Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 19. By Application - United States PTC Heaters Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 20. By Application - United States PTC Heaters Price (US$/Unit), 2016-2027
Figure 21. Eberspächer PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 22. Backer Group PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 23. Suzhou new electronics Co., LTD. PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 24. Zhenjiang Dongfang Electric Heating Technology Co.,Ltd PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 25. MAHLE PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 26. DBK Group PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 27. Shanghai XINPA PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 28. Shanghai Xinye Electronics PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 29. HGTECH PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 30. Mountain Source PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 31. Sharing Electronics PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 32. GMN PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 33. Headway PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 34. Chongqing Shiji Jingxin Industry PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 35. STEGO PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 36. Calienté PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 37. Xingchen Electric Heater PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 38. KLC PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 39. Beno Electric PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 40. ROTFIL PTC Heaters Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 41. United States PTC Heaters Production Capacity (M Units), 2016-2027
Figure 42. PTC Heaters Industry Value Chain
Figure 43. Marketing Channels