United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Market Report & Forecast 2021-2027
Table of Contents1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports
1.1 BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
1.2.1 Segment by Type
1.2.2 Segment by Application
1.3 United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Market Overview
1.4 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.4.1 Research Methodology
1.4.2 Research Process
1.4.3 Base Year
2 United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Overall Market Size
2.1 United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Market Size: 2021 VS 2027
2.2 United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2016-2027
2.3 United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales: 2016-2027
3 Company Landscape
3.1 Top BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Players in United States Market
3.2 Top United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue by Companies
3.4 United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales by Companies
3.5 United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Price by Manufacturer (2016-2021)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Companies in United States Market, by Revenue in 2020
3.7 Manufacturers BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Players in United States Market
3.8.1 List of Tier 1 BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Companies in United States
3.8.2 List of Tier 2 and Tier 3 BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Companies in United States
4 Sights by Type
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2027
4.1.2 Blood Glucose Test Strips
4.1.3 Blood Glucose Meter
4.2 By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue & Forecasts
4.2.1 By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue, 2016-2021
4.2.2 By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue, 2022-2027
4.2.3 By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
4.3 By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales & Forecasts
4.3.1 By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales, 2016-2021
4.3.2 By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales, 2022-2027
4.3.3 By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
4.4 By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2016-2027
5 Sights by Application
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Market Size, 2021 & 2027
5.1.2 Hospital
5.1.3 Household
5.2 By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue & Forecasts
5.2.1 By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue, 2016-2021
5.2.2 By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue, 2022-2027
5.2.3 By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
5.3 By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales & Forecasts
5.3.1 By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales, 2016-2021
5.3.2 By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales, 2022-2027
5.3.3 By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
5.4 By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2016-2027
6 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles
6.1 Roche
6.1.1 Roche Corporation Information
6.1.2 Roche Overview
6.1.3 Roche BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.1.4 Roche BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Description
6.1.5 Roche Recent Developments
6.2 LifeScan
6.2.1 LifeScan Corporation Information
6.2.2 LifeScan Overview
6.2.3 LifeScan BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.2.4 LifeScan BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Description
6.2.5 LifeScan Recent Developments
6.3 Abbott
6.3.1 Abbott Corporation Information
6.3.2 Abbott Overview
6.3.3 Abbott BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.3.4 Abbott BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Description
6.3.5 Abbott Recent Developments
6.4 Ascensia
6.4.1 Ascensia Corporation Information
6.4.2 Ascensia Overview
6.4.3 Ascensia BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.4.4 Ascensia BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Description
6.4.5 Ascensia Recent Developments
6.5 ARKRAY
6.5.1 ARKRAY Corporation Information
6.5.2 ARKRAY Overview
6.5.3 ARKRAY BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.5.4 ARKRAY BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Description
6.5.5 ARKRAY Recent Developments
6.6 I-SENS
6.6.1 I-SENS Corporation Information
6.6.2 I-SENS Overview
6.6.3 I-SENS BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.6.4 I-SENS BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Description
6.6.5 I-SENS Recent Developments
6.7 Omron
6.7.1 Omron Corporation Information
6.7.2 Omron Overview
6.7.3 Omron BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.7.4 Omron BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Description
6.7.5 Omron Recent Developments
6.8 B. Braun
6.8.1 B. Braun Corporation Information
6.8.2 B. Braun Overview
6.8.3 B. Braun BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.8.4 B. Braun BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Description
6.8.5 B. Braun Recent Developments
6.9 77 Elektronika
6.9.1 77 Elektronika Corporation Information
6.9.2 77 Elektronika Overview
6.9.3 77 Elektronika BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.9.4 77 Elektronika BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Description
6.9.5 77 Elektronika Recent Developments
6.10 AgaMatrix
6.10.1 AgaMatrix Corporation Information
6.10.2 AgaMatrix Overview
6.10.3 AgaMatrix BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.10.4 AgaMatrix BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Description
6.10.5 AgaMatrix Recent Developments
6.11 ALL Medicus
6.11.1 ALL Medicus Corporation Information
6.11.2 ALL Medicus Overview
6.11.3 ALL Medicus BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.11.4 ALL Medicus BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Description
6.11.5 ALL Medicus Recent Developments
6.12 Terumo
6.12.1 Terumo Corporation Information
6.12.2 Terumo Overview
6.12.3 Terumo BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.12.4 Terumo BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Description
6.12.5 Terumo Recent Developments
6.13 Sinocare
6.13.1 Sinocare Corporation Information
6.13.2 Sinocare Overview
6.13.3 Sinocare BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.13.4 Sinocare BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Description
6.13.5 Sinocare Recent Developments
6.14 Yicheng
6.14.1 Yicheng Corporation Information
6.14.2 Yicheng Overview
6.14.3 Yicheng BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.14.4 Yicheng BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Description
6.14.5 Yicheng Recent Developments
6.15 Yuwell
6.15.1 Yuwell Corporation Information
6.15.2 Yuwell Overview
6.15.3 Yuwell BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.15.4 Yuwell BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Description
6.15.5 Yuwell Recent Developments
6.16 Acon
6.16.1 Acon Corporation Information
6.16.2 Acon Overview
6.16.3 Acon BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales and Revenue in United States Market (2016-2021)
6.16.4 Acon BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Description
6.16.5 Acon Recent Developments
7 United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Production Capacity, Analysis
7.1 United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Production Capacity, 2016-2027
7.2 BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in United States Market
8 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
8.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
8.2 Market Drivers
8.3 Market Restraints
9 BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Supply Chain Analysis
9.1 BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Industry Value Chain
9.2 BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Upstream Market
9.3 BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Downstream and Clients
9.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
9.4.1 Marketing Channels
9.4.2 BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Distributors and Sales Agents in United States Market
10 Conclusion
11 Appendix
11.1 Note
11.2 Examples of Clients
11.3 Author Details
11.4 Disclaimer
List of TablesTable 1. Key Players of BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) in United States Market
Table 2. Top BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Players in United States Market, Ranking by Revenue (2019)
Table 3. United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2016-2021
Table 4. United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Share by Companies, 2016-2021
Table 5. United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales by Companies, (M Units), 2016-2021
Table 6. United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales Share by Companies, 2016-2021
Table 7. Key Manufacturers BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Price (2016-2021) & (USD/K Unit)
Table 8. Manufacturers BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Type
Table 9. List of Tier 1 BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2020 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Tier 2 and Tier 3 BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2020 and Market Share
Table 11. Major Manufacturers of Blood Glucose Test Strips
Table 12. Major Manufacturers of Blood Glucose Meter
Table 13. By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2027
Table 14. By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue (US$, Mn), 2016-2021
Table 15. By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue (US$, Mn), 2022-2027
Table 16. By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), 2016-2021
Table 17. By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), 2022-2027
Table 18. By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2027
Table 19. By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue (US$, Mn), 2016-2021
Table 20. By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue (US$, Mn), 2022-2027
Table 21. By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), 2016-2021
Table 22. By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), 2022-2027
Table 23. Roche Corporation Information
Table 24. Roche Description and Major Businesses
Table 25. Roche BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (USD/K Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 26. Roche BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product
Table 27. Roche Recent Developments
Table 28. LifeScan Corporation Information
Table 29. LifeScan Description and Major Businesses
Table 30. LifeScan BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (USD/K Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 31. LifeScan BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product
Table 32. LifeScan Recent Developments
Table 33. Abbott Corporation Information
Table 34. Abbott Description and Major Businesses
Table 35. Abbott BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (USD/K Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 36. Abbott BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product
Table 37. Abbott Recent Developments
Table 38. Ascensia Corporation Information
Table 39. Ascensia Description and Major Businesses
Table 40. Ascensia BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (USD/K Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 41. Ascensia BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product
Table 42. Ascensia Recent Developments
Table 43. ARKRAY Corporation Information
Table 44. ARKRAY Description and Major Businesses
Table 45. ARKRAY BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (USD/K Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 46. ARKRAY BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product
Table 47. ARKRAY Recent Developments
Table 48. I-SENS Corporation Information
Table 49. I-SENS Description and Major Businesses
Table 50. I-SENS BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (USD/K Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 51. I-SENS BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product
Table 52. I-SENS Recent Developments
Table 53. Omron Corporation Information
Table 54. Omron Description and Major Businesses
Table 55. Omron BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (USD/K Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 56. Omron BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product
Table 57. Omron Recent Developments
Table 58. B. Braun Corporation Information
Table 59. B. Braun Description and Major Businesses
Table 60. B. Braun BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (USD/K Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 61. B. Braun BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product
Table 62. B. Braun Recent Developments
Table 63. 77 Elektronika Corporation Information
Table 64. 77 Elektronika Description and Major Businesses
Table 65. 77 Elektronika BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (USD/K Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 66. 77 Elektronika BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product
Table 67. 77 Elektronika Recent Developments
Table 68. AgaMatrix Corporation Information
Table 69. AgaMatrix Description and Major Businesses
Table 70. AgaMatrix BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (USD/K Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 71. AgaMatrix BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product
Table 72. AgaMatrix Recent Developments
Table 73. ALL Medicus Corporation Information
Table 74. ALL Medicus Description and Major Businesses
Table 75. ALL Medicus BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (USD/K Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 76. ALL Medicus BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product
Table 77. ALL Medicus Recent Developments
Table 78. Terumo Corporation Information
Table 79. Terumo Description and Major Businesses
Table 80. Terumo BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (USD/K Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 81. Terumo BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product
Table 82. Terumo Recent Developments
Table 83. Sinocare Corporation Information
Table 84. Sinocare Description and Major Businesses
Table 85. Sinocare BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (USD/K Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 86. Sinocare BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product
Table 87. Sinocare Recent Developments
Table 88. Yicheng Corporation Information
Table 89. Yicheng Description and Major Businesses
Table 90. Yicheng BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (USD/K Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 91. Yicheng BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product
Table 92. Yicheng Recent Developments
Table 93. Yuwell Corporation Information
Table 94. Yuwell Description and Major Businesses
Table 95. Yuwell BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (USD/K Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 96. Yuwell BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product
Table 97. Yuwell Recent Developments
Table 98. Acon Corporation Information
Table 99. Acon Description and Major Businesses
Table 100. Acon BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales (M Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Gross Margin (USD/K Unit) (2016-2021)
Table 101. Acon BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product
Table 102. Acon Recent Developments
Table 103. BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Production Capacity (M Units) of Key Manufacturers in United States Market, 2019-2021 (M Units)
Table 104. United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2019-2021
Table 105. BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Market Opportunities & Trends in United States Market
Table 106. BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Market Drivers in United States Market
Table 107. BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Market Restraints in United States Market
Table 108. BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Raw Materials
Table 109. BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Raw Materials Suppliers in United States Market
Table 110. Typical BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Downstream
Table 111. BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Downstream Clients in United States Market
Table 112. BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Distributors and Sales Agents in United States Market
List of FiguresFigure 1. BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Product Picture
Figure 2. BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Segment by Type
Figure 3. BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Segment by Application
Figure 4. United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Market Overview: 2020
Figure 5. United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Market Size: 2021 VS 2027 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue, 2016-2027 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales in United States Market: 2016-2027 (M Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue in 2020
Figure 9. Blood Glucose Test Strips Product Picture
Figure 10. Blood Glucose Meter Product Picture
Figure 11. By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 12. By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 13. By Type - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Price (USD/K Unit), 2016-2027
Figure 14. Hospital
Figure 15. Household
Figure 16. By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Sales Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 17. By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Market Share, 2016-2027
Figure 18. By Application - United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Price (USD/K Unit), 2016-2027
Figure 19. Roche BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 20. LifeScan BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 21. Abbott BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 22. Ascensia BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 23. ARKRAY BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 24. I-SENS BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 25. Omron BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 26. B. Braun BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 27. 77 Elektronika BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 28. AgaMatrix BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 29. ALL Medicus BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 30. Terumo BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 31. Sinocare BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 32. Yicheng BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 33. Yuwell BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 34. Acon BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2016-2021)
Figure 35. United States BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Production Capacity (M Units), 2016-2027
Figure 36. BGMS (Blood Glucose Monitoring System) Industry Value Chain
Figure 37. Marketing Channels