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The Private LTE & 5G Network Ecosystem: 2023 - 2030 - Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies, Industry Verticals & Forecasts

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Date: 01-Jul-2023
No. of pages: 2577
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Historically a niche segment of the wider cellular communications industry, private cellular networks – also referred to as NPNs (Non-Public Networks) in 3GPP terminology – have rapidly gained popularity in recent years due to privacy, security, reliability and performance advantages over public mobile networks and competing wireless technologies as well as their potential to replace hardwired connections with non-obstructive wireless links. With the 3GPP-led standardization of features such as MCX (Mission-Critical PTT, Video & Data), URLLC (Ultra-Reliable, Low-Latency Communications), TSC (Time-Sensitive Communications), SNPNs (Standalone NPNs), PNI-NPNs (Public Network-Integrated NPNs) and network slicing, private networks based on LTE and 5G technologies have gained recognition as an all-inclusive connectivity platform for critical communications, Industry 4.0 and enterprise transformation-related applications. Traditionally, these sectors have been dominated by LMR (Land Mobile Radio), Wi-Fi, industrial Ethernet, fiber and other disparate networks.

The liberalization of spectrum is another factor that is accelerating the adoption of private LTE and 5G networks. National regulators across the globe have released or are in the process of granting access to shared and local area licensed spectrum. Examples include but are not limited to the three-tiered CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service) spectrum sharing scheme in the United States, Canada's planned NCL (Non-Competitive Local) licensing framework, United Kingdom's shared and local access licensing model, Germany's 3.7-3.8 GHz and 28 GHz licenses for 5G campus networks, France's vertical spectrum and sub-letting arrangements, Netherlands' geographically restricted mid-band spectrum assignments, Finland's 2.3 GHz and 26 GHz licenses for local 4G/5G networks, Sweden's 3.7 GHz and 26 GHz permits, Norway's regulation of local networks in the 3.8-4.2 GHz band, Poland's spectrum assignment for local government units and enterprises, Bahrain's private 5G network licenses, Japan's 4.6-4.9 GHz and 28 GHz local 5G network licenses, South Korea's e-Um 5G allocations in the 4.7 GHz and 28 GHz bands, Taiwan's provision of 4.8-4.9 GHz spectrum for private 5G networks, Hong Kong's LWBS (Localized Wireless Broadband System) licenses, Australia's apparatus licensing approach, India's CNPN (Captive Non-Public Network) leasing framework and Brazil's SLP (Private Limited Service) licenses. Even China – where mobile operators have been at the forefront of initial private 5G installations – has started allocating private 5G spectrum licenses directly to end user organizations. Vast swaths of globally and regionally harmonized license-exempt spectrum are also available worldwide that can be used for the operation of unlicensed LTE and 5G NR-U equipment for private networks. In addition, dedicated national spectrum in sub-1 GHz and higher frequencies has been allocated for specific critical communications-related applications in many countries.

LTE and 5G-based private cellular networks come in many different shapes and sizes, including isolated end-to-end NPNs in industrial and enterprise settings, local RAN equipment for targeted cellular coverage, dedicated on-premise core network functions, virtual sliced private networks, secure MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) platforms for critical communications, and wide area networks for application scenarios such as PPDR (Public Protection & Disaster Relief) broadband, smart utility grids, railway communications and A2G (Air-to-Ground) connectivity. However, it is important to note that equipment suppliers, system integrators, private network specialists, mobile operators and other ecosystem players have slightly different perceptions as to what exactly constitutes a private cellular network. While there is near universal consensus that private LTE and 5G networks refer to purpose-built cellular communications systems intended for the exclusive use of vertical industries and enterprises, some industry participants extend this definition to also include other market segments – for example, 3GPP-based community and residential broadband networks deployed by non-traditional service providers. Another closely related segment is multi-operator or shared neutral host infrastructure, which may be employed to support NPN services in specific scenarios.

Despite the somewhat differing views on market definition, one thing is clear – private LTE and 5G networks are continuing their upward trajectory with deployments targeting a multitude of use cases across various industries, ranging from localized wireless systems for dedicated connectivity in factories, warehouses, mines, power plants, substations, offshore wind farms, oil and gas facilities, construction sites, maritime ports, airports, hospitals, office buildings and university campuses to regional and nationwide sub-1 GHz private wireless broadband networks for utilities, FRMCS (Future Railway Mobile Communication System)-ready networks for train-to-ground communications, and hybrid government-commercial public safety LTE networks, as well as rapidly deployable systems such as the German Armed Forces' ZNV (Deployable Cellular Networks) solution, Hsinchu City Fire Department's satellite-backhauled portable 5G network for emergency communications and BBC's (British Broadcasting Corporation) temporary private 5G network used during King Charles' coronation. Custom-built cellular networks have also been implemented in locations as remote as Antarctica and there are even plans for installations on the moon's surface and outer space.

SNS Telecom & IT estimates that global spending on private LTE and 5G network infrastructure for vertical industries will grow at a CAGR of approximately 18% between 2023 and 2026, eventually accounting for more than $6.4 Billion by the end of 2026. As much as 40% of these investments – nearly $2.8 Billion – will be directed towards the build-out of standalone private 5G networks that will become the predominant wireless communications medium to support the ongoing Industry 4.0 revolution for the digitization and automation of manufacturing and process industries. This unprecedented level of growth is likely to transform private LTE and 5G networks into an almost parallel equipment ecosystem to public mobile operator infrastructure in terms of market size by the late 2020s.

The “Private LTE & 5G Network Ecosystem: 2023 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies, Industry Verticals & Forecasts” report presents an in-depth assessment of the private LTE and 5G network ecosystem, including the value chain, market drivers, barriers to uptake, enabling technologies, operational and business models, vertical industries, application scenarios, key trends, future roadmap, standardization, spectrum availability and allocation, regulatory landscape, case studies, ecosystem player profiles and strategies. The report also presents global and regional market size forecasts from 2023 till 2030. The forecasts cover three infrastructure submarkets, two technology generations, four spectrum licensing models, 15 vertical industries and five regional markets.

The report comes with an associated Excel datasheet suite covering quantitative data from all numeric forecasts presented in the report, as well as a database of over 6,000 global private LTE/5G engagements – as of Q2’2023.

Topics Covered

The report covers the following topics:


  • Introduction to private LTE and 5G networks

  • Value chain and ecosystem structure

  • Market drivers and challenges

  • System architecture and key elements of private LTE and 5G networks

  • Operational and business models, network size, geographic reach and other practical aspects of private LTE and 5G networks

  • Critical communications broadband evolution, Industry 4.0, enterprise transformation and other themes shaping the adoption of private LTE and 5G networks

  • Enabling technologies and concepts, including 3GPP-defined MCX, URLLC, TSC, NR-U, SNPN and PNI-NPN, cellular IoT, high-precision positioning, network slicing, edge computing and network automation capabilities

  • Key trends such as the emergence of new classes of specialized network operators, shared and local area spectrum licensing, private NaaS (Network-as-a-Service) offerings, IT/OT convergence, Open RAN, vRAN (Virtualized RAN) and rapidly deployable LTE/5G systems

  • Analysis of vertical industries and application scenarios, extending from mission-critical group communications and real-time video transmission to reconfigurable wireless production lines, collaborative mobile robots, AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles) and untethered AR/VR/MR (Augmented, Virtual & Mixed Reality)

  • Future roadmap of private LTE and 5G networks

  • Review of private LTE and 5G network installations worldwide, including 100 case studies spanning 15 verticals

  • Database tracking more than 6,000 private LTE and 5G engagements in over 120 countries across the globe

  • Spectrum availability, allocation and usage across the global, regional and national domains

  • Standardization, regulatory and collaborative initiatives

  • Profiles and strategies of more than 1,800 ecosystem players

  • Strategic recommendations for LTE/5G equipment and chipset suppliers, system integrators, private network specialists, mobile operators and end user organizations

  • Market analysis and forecasts from 2023 till 2030


Forecast Segmentation

Market forecasts are provided for each of the following submarkets and their subcategories:

Infrastructure Submarkets


  • RAN (LTE & 5G NR Radio Access Network)

    • Base Station RUs (Radio Units)

    • DUs/CUs (Distributed & Centralized Baseband Units)



  • Mobile Core (EPC & 5GC)

    • User Plane Functions

    • Control Plane Functions



  • Transport Network (Fronthaul, Midhaul & Backhaul)

    • Fiber & Wireline

    • Microwave

    • Satellite Communications




Technology Generations


  • LTE

  • 5G


Cell Sizes


  • Small Cells

    • Indoor

    • Outdoor



  • Macrocells


Spectrum Licensing Models


  • Mobile Operator-Owned Spectrum

  • Wide Area Licensed Spectrum

  • Shared & Local Area Licensed Spectrum

  • Unlicensed Spectrum


Frequency Ranges


  • Low-Band (Sub-1 GHz)

  • Mid-Band (1-6 GHz)

  • High-Band mmWave (Millimeter Wave)


End User Markets


  • Vertical Industries

    • Agriculture

    • Aviation

    • Broadcasting

    • Construction

    • Education

    • Forestry

    • Healthcare

    • Manufacturing

    • Military

    • Mining

    • Oil & Gas

    • Ports & Maritime Transport

    • Public Safety

    • Railways

    • Utilities

    • Others



  • Offices, Buildings & Corporate Campuses


Regional Markets


  • North America

  • Asia Pacific

  • Europe

  • Middle East & Africa

  • Latin & Central America


Key Questions Answered

The report provides answers to the following key questions:


  • How big is the private LTE and 5G network opportunity?

  • What trends, drivers and challenges are influencing its growth?

  • What will the market size be in 2026, and at what rate will it grow?

  • Which submarkets, verticals and regions will see the highest percentage of growth?

  • What is the status of private LTE and 5G network adoption in each country, and what are the primary application scenarios of these networks?

  • How is private cellular connectivity facilitating the digital transformation of manufacturing, mining, oil and gas, ports and other vertical industries?

  • What are the practical and quantifiable benefits of private LTE and 5G networks in terms of productivity improvement, cost reduction and worker safety?

  • How can satellite backhaul and direct-to-device NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) access expand the reach of private networks in remote environments?

  • How are MCPTT (Mission-Critical PTT) capabilities enabling the transition from narrowband LMR systems to 3GPP-based private broadband networks?

  • What are the key characteristics of standalone private 5G connectivity, and when will URLLC, TSC and other 3GPP-defined IIoT (Industrial IoT) features be widely employed?

  • How can private edge computing accommodate latency-sensitive applications while enhancing data sovereignty and security?

  • Where does network slicing for differentiated service requirements fit in the private cellular networking landscape?

  • What are the existing and candidate frequency bands for the operation of private LTE and 5G networks?

  • How are CBRS and other coordinated shared/local spectrum licensing frameworks accelerating the uptake of private networks?

  • When will sub-1 GHz critical communications LTE networks begin their transition to 5G technology?

  • What are the prospects of private 5G networks operating in mmWave spectrum?

  • What is the impact of post-pandemic changes on private LTE and 5G network deployments?

  • What opportunities exist for hyperscalers, managed services providers and other new entrants?

  • Who are the key ecosystem players, and what are their strategies?

  • What strategies should LTE/5G equipment suppliers, system integrators, private network specialists and mobile operators adopt to remain competitive?


Key Findings

The report has the following key findings:


  • SNS Telecom & IT estimates that global spending on private LTE and 5G network infrastructure for vertical industries will grow at a CAGR of approximately 18% between 2023 and 2026, eventually accounting for more than $6.4 Billion by the end of 2026.

  • As much as 40% of these investments – nearly $2.8 Billion – will be directed towards the build-out of standalone private 5G networks that will become the predominant wireless communications medium to support the ongoing Industry 4.0 revolution for the digitization and automation of manufacturing and process industries.

  • This unprecedented level of growth in the coming years is likely to transform private LTE and 5G networks into an almost parallel equipment ecosystem to public mobile operator infrastructure in terms of market size by the late 2020s.

  • Existing private cellular network deployments range from localized wireless systems in industrial and enterprise settings to sub-1 GHz private wireless broadband networks for utilities, FRMCS-ready networks for train-to-ground communications, and hybrid government-commercial public safety broadband networks, as well as rapidly deployable LTE/5G systems that deliver temporary or on-demand cellular connectivity.

  • As for the practical and quantifiable benefits of private LTE and 5G networks, end user organizations across manufacturing, mining, oil and gas, ports and other vertical industries have credited private cellular network installations with productivity and efficiency gains in the range of 30 to 70%, cost savings of more than 20%, and an uplift of up to 80% in worker safety and accident reduction.

  • Spectrum liberalization initiatives – particularly shared and local spectrum licensing frameworks – are playing a pivotal role in accelerating the adoption of private LTE and 5G networks. Telecommunications regulators in multiple national markets – including the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, Norway, Poland, Bahrain, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Australia, India and Brazil – have released or are in the process of granting access to shared and local area licensed spectrum.

  • By capitalizing on their extensive licensed spectrum holdings, infrastructure assets and cellular networking expertise, national mobile operators have continued to retain a strong foothold in the private LTE and 5G network market. With an expanded focus on vertical B2B (Business-to-Business) opportunities in the 5G era, mobile operators are actively involved in diverse projects extending from localized 5G networks for secure and reliable wireless connectivity in industrial and enterprise environments to nationwide public safety broadband networks.

  • New classes of private network operators have also found success in the market. Notable examples include but are not limited to Celona, Betacom, Kajeet, BearCom, Ambra Solutions, iNET (Infrastructure Networks), Tampnet, Smart Mobile Labs, MUGLER, Telent, Logicalis, Citymesh, Netmore, RADTONICS, Combitech, Grape One (Japan), NS Solutions, OPTAGE, Wave-In Communication and the private 4G/5G business units of neutral host infrastructure providers such as Boingo Wireless, Crown Castle, Cellnex Telecom, BAI Communications/Boldyn Networks, Freshwave and Digita.

  • NTT, Kyndryl and other global system integrators have been quick to seize the private cellular opportunity with strategic technology alliances and early commercial wins. Meanwhile, hyperscalers – most notably AWS (Amazon Web Services), Google and Microsoft – are offering managed private 5G services by leveraging their cloud and edge platforms.

  • Although greater vendor diversity is beginning to be reflected in infrastructure sales, larger players are continuing to invest in strategic acquisitions as highlighted by HPE's (Hewlett Packard Enterprise) recent acquisition of Italian mobile core technology provider Athonet.

  • The service provider segment is not immune to consolidation either. For example, in Australia, mobile operator Telstra – through its Telstra Purple division – has acquired industrial private wireless specialist Aqura Technologies. More recently, specialist fiber and network solutions provider Vocus has acquired Challenge Networks – another Australian pioneer in private LTE and 5G networks.


List of Companies Mentioned


  • 10T Tech

  • 1NCE

  • 1oT

  • 29Metals

  • 3D-P

  • 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)

  • 450 MHz Alliance

  • 450connect

  • 4K Solutions

  • 4RF

  • 5G Campus Network Alliance

  • 5G Forum (South Korea)

  • 5G Health Association

  • 5G Media Initiative

  • 5G OI Lab (5G Open Innovation Lab)

  • 5GAA (5G Automotive Association)

  • 5G-ACIA (5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation)

  • 5GAIA (5G Applications Industry Array)

  • 5GCT (5G Catalyst Technologies)

  • 5GDNA (5G Deterministic Networking Alliance)

  • 5GFF (5G Future Forum)

  • 5G-MAG (5G Media Action Group)

  • 5GMF (Fifth Generation Mobile Communication Promotion Forum, Japan)

  • 5GSA (5G Slicing Association)

  • 6G Finland

  • 6GEM Consortium

  • 6G-IA (6G Smart Networks and Services Industry Association)

  • 6G-RIC (Research and Innovation Cluster)

  • 6Harmonics/6WiLInk

  • 6WIND

  • 7Layers

  • 7P (Seven Principles)

  • A Beep/Diga-Talk+

  • A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore)

  • A1 Hrvatska

  • A1 Telekom Austria Group

  • A10 Networks

  • A5G Networks

  • AAEON Technology

  • Aalborg University

  • Aalto University

  • AAR (Association of American Railroads)

  • Aarna Networks

  • ABB

  • ABB Robotics

  • ABDI (Brazilian Agency for Industrial Development)

  • ABEL Mobilfunk

  • ABiT Corporation

  • ABP (Associated British Ports)

  • ABS

  • Abside Networks

  • Abu Dhabi Police

  • Accedian

  • AccelerComm

  • Accelink Technologies

  • Accelleran

  • Accenture

  • ACCESS CO.

  • Access Spectrum

  • Accesso

  • AccessParks

  • ACCF (Australasian Critical Communications Forum)

  • Accton Technology Corporation

  • Accuver

  • ACE Technologies

  • AceAxis

  • AceTel (Ace Solutions)

  • Achronix Semiconductor Corporation

  • ACMA (Australian Communications and Media Authority)

  • ACOME

  • ACPS (Albemarle County Public Schools)

  • ACS (Applied Computer Solutions)

  • Actelis Networks

  • Actemium (VINCI Energies)

  • Action Technologies (Shenzhen Action Technologies)

  • Actiontec Electronics

  • Active911

  • Actus Networks

  • AD Plastik

  • Adani Data Networks

  • Adani Group

  • Adax

  • Adcor Magnet Systems

  • Addis Ababa Light Rail

  • Adecoagro

  • Adelaide Airport

  • Adeunis

  • ADF (Australian Defence Force)

  • ADI (Analog Devices, Inc.)

  • Adif (Spanish Railway Infrastructure Administrator)

  • Adif AV (Alta Velocidad)

  • ADLINK Technology

  • ADMIE/IPTO (Independent Power Transmission Operator, Greece)

  • ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company)

  • ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies)

  • ADT

  • Adtran

  • ADVA

  • Advanced Energy Industries

  • AdvanceTec Industries

  • Advantech

  • Advantech Wireless Technologies

  • AE Aerospace

  • AECC (Aero Engine Corporation of China)

  • AECC Commercial Aircraft Engine Company

  • AEG

  • Aegex Technologies

  • Aerial Applications

  • Aeris

  • Aero Wireless Group

  • AeroFarms

  • AeroMobile Communications

  • Aerostar International

  • Aethertek

  • Aetna Group

  • AFC (Asian Football Confederation)

  • Affarii Technologies

  • Affirmed Networks

  • AFL Global

  • AFRY

  • AGC

  • AGCO Corporation

  • AGCOM (Communications Regulatory Authority, Italy)

  • Agile (Agile Interoperable Solutions)

  • AGIS (Advanced Ground Information Systems)

  • AGM Mobile

  • Agnico Eagle Mines

  • AG-Placid

  • AgriFood Connect

  • Agroamb

  • Aguas de Valencia

  • AGURRE (Association of Major Users of Operational Radio Networks, France)

  • AH NET (MVM NET)

  • AI-LINK

  • AINA Wireless

  • Air China

  • Air France

  • Airband Community Internet

  • Airbus

  • Airfide Networks

  • Airgain

  • AirHop Communications

  • Airlinq

  • Airport Authority Hong Kong

  • Airspan Networks

  • Airtower Networks

  • Airwaive

  • Airwave Developers

  • Airwave Solutions

  • Airwavz Solutions

  • AIS (Advanced Info Service)

  • AiVader

  • Ajman Police

  • Akamai Technologies

  • Aker Solutions

  • AKIS International

  • AKOS (Agency for Communication Networks and Services of the Republic of Slovenia)

  • Akoustis Technologies

  • Alaska Airlines

  • Alaxala Networks Corporation

  • ALBEDO Telecom

  • Albemarle Corporation

  • albis-elcon

  • ALBO (Hijos de Carlos Albo)

  • Alcadis

  • Alcatel-Lucent International

  • Alcobendas City Council

  • Aldenhoven Testing Center

  • ALE (Antarctic Logistics & Expeditions)

  • Alea

  • Alef (Alef Edge)

  • Alepo

  • Alestra

  • Alibaba Group

  • Aliniant

  • Allbesmart

  • Allen Vanguard Wireless

  • Allerio

  • Alliander

  • Allied Telesis

  • Allot

  • Alnan Aluminium

  • Alpha Networks

  • Alpha Wireless

  • Alphabet

  • Alsa

  • Alsatis Réseaux

  • Alstom

  • Altaeros

  • Altair Semiconductor (Sony Semiconductor Israel)

  • ALTÁN Redes

  • Altice Group

  • Altice Labs

  • Altice Portugal

  • Altiostar

  • ALVIS (Argentina)

  • AM Telecom

  • AMA XpertEye

  • AMAGGI

  • Amantya Technologies

  • Amarisoft

  • Amata Corporation

  • Amazon

  • Ambra Solutions-ECOTEL

  • Ambulance Victoria

  • Ambulancezorg Groningen

  • AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)

  • Amdocs

  • Ameren

  • América Móvil

  • American Tower Corporation

  • AMI (American Megatrends International)

  • AMIT Wireless

  • AMN (Africa Mobile Networks)

  • AMPC (Australian Meat Processor Corporation)

  • Ampere Computing

  • Amphenol Corporation

  • Ampleon

  • Amtele Communication

  • ANA (All Nippon Airways)

  • ANACOM (National Communications Authority, Portugal)

  • Anatel (National Telecommunications Agency, Brazil)

  • ANAX Metals

  • ANCOM (National Authority for Management and Regulation in Communications, Romania)

  • Andesat

  • ANDEX (Sendai)

  • ANDRA

  • ANDRO Computational Solutions

  • Anek Lines

  • Anglo American

  • AngloGold Ashanti

  • Angola Telecom

  • Angolan Ministry of Interior

  • Anhui Conch Cement

  • Anktion (Fujian) Technology

  • Anokiwave

  • Anritsu

  • ANS (Advanced Network Services)

  • Anshan Iron & Steel Group

  • Antenna Company

  • Anterix

  • Antna Antenna Technology

  • Antofagasta Minerals

  • Antwerp Police

  • Antwerp-Bruges Port Authority

  • Aorotech

  • AOT (Airports of Thailand)

  • APA Group

  • APBA (Port Authority of Algeciras Bay)

  • APCO (Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials) International

  • Apex Technology Group

  • APH (Huelva Port Authority)

  • API (American Petroleum Institute)

  • APM Terminals (Maersk)

  • APN (All Purpose Networks)

  • APPA (American Public Power Association)

  • Apple

  • Applus+ IDIADA

  • APRESIA Systems

  • APSTAR (APT Satellite Company)

  • APT (Asia Pacific Telecom)

  • APTEL (Association of Proprietary Infrastructure and Private Telecommunications Systems Companies, Brazil)

  • aql

  • Aqualia

  • Aquila (Suzhou Aquila Solutions)

  • Aqura Technologies

  • ARA (American Rally Association)

  • Arabsat

  • Aramco (Saudi Arabian Oil Company)

  • Aramco Digital

  • ARBURG

  • Arcadyan Technology Corporation

  • Arçelik

  • ArcelorMittal

  • ARCEP (Regulatory Authority for Electronic Communications and Posts, France)

  • Archos

  • ARCIA (Australian Radio and Communications Industry Association)

  • Ardea Resources

  • Arete M

  • AREU (Lombardy Regional Emergency Service Agency)

  • AREX (Airport Railroad Express)

  • Argela

  • Argentine Federal Police

  • ArgoNET

  • Aria Networks

  • ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses, Japan)

  • Arista Networks

  • Arizona National Guard

  • Arkessa

  • Arm

  • Armasuisse (Federal Office for Defense Procurement, Switzerland)

  • Armour Communications

  • ARQ Group

  • Arqit Quantum

  • ArrayComm (Chengdu ArrayComm Wireless Technologies)

  • Arrcus

  • Arrow Energy

  • ARTC (Australian Rail Track Corporation)

  • Artemis Networks

  • Artemis Resources

  • Artiza Networks

  • Aruba

  • Arubaito World

  • Arukona

  • Arvato Supply Chain Solutions

  • Arvato Supply Chain Solutions

  • Asagao TV

  • Asahikawa Cable Television

  • Asavie

  • ASE Group

  • ASELSAN

  • AsiaInfo Technologies

  • AsiaSat (Asia Satellite Telecommunications Company)

  • Askey Computer Corporation

  • ASM Global

  • ASN (Alcatel Submarine Networks)

  • ASOCS

  • Aspire Technology

  • Aspire Technology Partners

  • ASR Microelectronics

  • Asseco CEIT

  • Assumption University of Thailand

  • Assured Wireless Corporation

  • AST SpaceMobile

  • ASTELLA (Astella Technologies)

  • ASTOR (Poland)

  • ASTRI (Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute)

  • ASTRID

  • ASU (Arizona State University)

  • ASUS (ASUSTeK Computer)

  • Asylon

  • AT (Auckland Transport)

  • AT&T

  • ATDI

  • ATEL (Asiatelco Technologies)

  • Atel Antennas

  • Atesio

  • Athens International Airport

  • Athonet

  • ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions)

  • ATL (A Test Lab)

  • Atlas Copco

  • Atlas Iron

  • Atlas Telecom

  • AtLink Services

  • ATN International

  • Atos

  • ATP (Andean Telecom Partners)

  • Atrinet

  • ATS Elektronik

  • Attabotics

  • AttoCore

  • ATW Investment & Services

  • Auberge Resorts

  • Auckland Westpac Rescue Helicopter

  • Auden Techno

  • Audi

  • audius

  • Auray Technology

  • Aurens (Orrence)

  • Aurora Flight Sciences

  • Aurora Insight

  • Ausgrid

  • Australia Pacific LNG

  • Australian Department of Home Affairs

  • Australian Productivity Commission

  • AUTC (Africa Utilities Technology Council)

  • Automotive Campus (Helmond)

  • AV Living Lab

  • Avanade

  • Avangrid

  • Avanti Communications

  • Avari Wireless

  • Avesha Systems

  • AVEVA

  • AVI

  • Aviat Networks

  • Avics

  • Avidyne Corporation

  • Avinor

  • Avionica

  • Avista Edge

  • AVIWEST

  • AVM

  • AW2S (Advanced Wireless Solutions and Services)

  • AWS (Amazon Web Services)

  • AWTG

  • AWWA (American Water Works Association)

  • Axell Wireless

  • AXESS Networks

  • Axians

  • Axiata Group

  • Axione

  • Axis Communications

  • Axon

  • Axpo WZ-Systems

  • Axtel

  • Axxcelera Broadband Wireless

  • Axxcss Wireless Solutions

  • Azcom Technology

  • Azetti Networks

  • B&R Bouwgroep

  • B+B SmartWorx

  • b<>com (IRT b-com)

  • B5GPC (Beyond 5G Promotion Consortium)

  • BABS/FOCP (Federal Office for Civil Protection, Switzerland)

  • Badger Technologies (Jabil)

  • BAE Systems

  • Baffinland Iron Mines Corporation

  • Bahia State Secretariat of Public Security

  • Bahrain Airport Company

  • BAI Communications/Boldyn Networks

  • Baicells

  • BAKOM/OFCOM (Federal Office of Communications, Switzerland)

  • Baleària

  • Ball Aerospace

  • Ballast Networks

  • Balluff

  • Baltic Networks

  • BAM Nuttall (Royal BAM Group)

  • Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute

  • Banco Santander

  • BandRich

  • BandwidthX

  • Bangladesh SSF (Special Security Force)

  • Bangs Ambulance

  • Baogang Group

  • Baoshan Iron & Steel

  • Baosteel Group

  • Barcelona City Council

  • Barcelona Port Authority

  • Barich

  • Barrett Communications

  • BART (San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District)

  • BARTEC

  • Baruch Padeh Medical Center

  • BASF

  • Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council

  • Batchfire Resources

  • Batelco

  • BATM Advanced Communications

  • BATS Wireless (Broadband Antenna Tracking Systems)

  • Bavaria Studios & Production Services

  • Bay Minette Police Department

  • Bayer

  • BAYFU (Bayerische Funknetz)

  • Baylin Technologies

  • BayRICS (Bay Area Regional Interoperable Communications Systems Authority)

  • BBB (BB Backbone Corporation)

  • BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation)

  • BBF (Brasil BioFuels)

  • BBK Electronics

  • BBVA (Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria)

  • BC Hydro

  • BCA (Building and Construction Authority, Singapore)

  • BCDVideo

  • BDBOS (Federal Agency for Public Safety Digital Radio, Germany)

  • Beach Energy

  • Beacon Minerals

  • Beagle Systems

  • Beam Semiconductor

  • Beam Wireless

  • Beamlink

  • BearCom

  • BEC Technologies

  • Becker Mining Systems

  • Beckhoff Automation

  • becon

  • Beeline Kazakhstan

  • Beeline Russia (VimpelCom)

  • Beep

  • Beeper Communications

  • Beijer Electronics Group

  • Beijing Capital International Airport

  • Beijing Chaoyang Hospital

  • Beijing Daxing International Airport

  • Beijing MTR Corporation

  • BELAZ

  • Belden

  • Belfast Harbour

  • BelFone

  • Bell Canada

  • Bellantenna

  • Belpre City Schools

  • Benetel

  • Berief Food

  • BesoVideo

  • Betacom

  • BH Technologies

  • Bharti Airtel

  • BHE (Bonn Hungary Electronics)

  • BHP

  • Biazi Telecom

  • BICS

  • Bilbao Metro

  • Billion Electric

  • BinnenBereik

  • BIPT (Belgian Institute for Postal Services and Telecommunications)

  • Bird Technologies

  • Birmingham City Council

  • BISDN (Berlin Institute for Software Defined Networks)

  • Bittium

  • BK Technologies

  • Black & Veatch

  • Black Box

  • BlackBerry

  • Blackned

  • BlackRock

  • BLiNQ Networks

  • Blu Wireless

  • Blue Arcus Technologies

  • Blue Danube Systems

  • Blue White Robotics

  • Blue Wireless

  • Bluebird

  • Blueforce Development Corporation

  • BLUnet Schweiz

  • BMA (BHP Mitsubishi Alliance)

  • BMRCL (Bengaluru Metro Rail Corporation)

  • BMS (Bristol-Myers Squibb)

  • BMW Brilliance Automotive

  • BMW Group

  • BMWK (Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action)

  • BNetzA (Federal Network Agency, Germany)

  • BNPB (National Agency for Disaster Management, Indonesia)

  • BNU (Beijing Normal University)

  • Bobcat Miner

  • BOCHK (Bank of China Hong Kong)

  • Boeing

  • Boelink (Shanghai Boelink Communication Technology)

  • Boingo Wireless

  • Boise Police Department

  • Boliden

  • Bombardier

  • Bombers de Barcelona (Barcelona Fire Service)

  • Bonn Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences

  • BoomGrow

  • Booz Allen Hamilton

  • Borealis

  • BorgWarner

  • Bosch Rexroth

  • Boskalis Subsea Services

  • Boston Dynamics

  • Boston Police Department

  • Boston Scientific Corporation

  • Botkin Hospital

  • Botswana Police Service

  • Bouygues Telecom

  • Boxchip

  • BP

  • BPA (Busan Port Authority)

  • BR (Bayerischer Rundfunk)

  • BrainNet Consultants

  • Branch Communications

  • Bravis Hospital

  • BravoCom

  • Bravus Mining & Resources

  • Brazil Federal District Military Police

  • Brazilian Army

  • Bredengen

  • Bridgestone Corporation

  • Brimbank City Council

  • Brisanet

  • Bristol Port Company

  • British Army

  • British Sugar

  • Brittany Ferries

  • Broadcom

  • BroadForward

  • Broadmobi (Shanghai Broadmobi Communication Technology)

  • Broadpeak

  • Broadtech

  • Brussels Airport Company

  • BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited)

  • BT Group

  • BT Media & Broadcast

  • Btel (Bakrie Telecom)

  • BTG (Dutch Association of Large-Scale ICT & Telecommunications Users)

  • BTI Wireless

  • BTP (Brasil Terminal Portuário)

  • B-TrunC (Broadband Trunking Communication) Industry Alliance

  • BTU (Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg)

  • Buenos Aires City Police

  • Builder [X]

  • Bulgarian Ministry of Interior

  • Bullitt Mobile

  • Bumicom Telecommunicatie

  • Bundeswehr (German Armed Forces)

  • Bundeswehr University Munich

  • Bureau Veritas

  • Burlington Fire Department

  • Burns & McDonnell

  • Busan Transportation Corporation

  • Butachimie

  • BVSD (Boulder Valley School District)

  • BVSystems (Berkeley Varitronics Systems)

  • BWT (BlueWaveTel)

  • BYD

  • B-Yond

  • C Spire

  • C Squared Systems

  • CABGOC (Cabinda Gulf Oil Company)

  • Cable Media Waiwai

  • Cable Television Toyama

  • CableFree (Wireless Excellence)

  • CableLabs

  • Cáceres City Council

  • CACI International

  • Cadence Design Systems

  • CAICT (China Academy of Information and Communications Technology)

  • CaixaBank (Formerly Bankia)

  • Cal Poly (California Polytechnic State University)

  • CalAmp

  • CalChip Connect

  • Calgary Police Service

  • Caliber Public Safety

  • California National Guard

  • California State University, Stanislaus

  • Calix

  • Callio Pyhäjärvi

  • Calnex Solutions

  • Calpak

  • Caltta Technologies

  • Cambium Networks

  • Cambridge Consultants

  • CAMET (China Association of Metros)

  • Campbell Union School District

  • CampusGenius

  • Camtel (Cameroon Telecommunications)

  • Canadian Army

  • Canoga Perkins

  • Canon

  • Canonical

  • Capgemini

  • Capgemini Engineering

  • Capgemini Invent

  • CapitaLand

  • Capricorn Metals

  • CapX Nederland

  • Carbyne

  • Cargotec

  • Carlson Wireless Technologies

  • Carnegie Mellon University

  • Carnival Corporation

  • Casa Systems

  • CASCO Signal

  • CASIC (China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation)

  • Casio Computer Company

  • Castleberry ISD (Independent School District)

  • Castor Marine

  • CATA (Canadian Advanced Technology Alliance)

  • Catalyst Communications Technologies

  • Caterpillar

  • Cavli Wireless

  • CBA (Chinese Basketball Association)

  • CBA (Commonwealth Bank of Australia)

  • CBNG (Cambridge Broadband Networks Group)

  • CCI (Communication Components Inc.)

  • CCMA (Catalan Broadcasting Corporation)

  • CCN (Cirrus Core Networks)

  • CCSA (China Communications Standards Association)

  • CCww (Communications Consultants Worldwide)

  • CDA (Chicago Department of Aviation)

  • CDE Lightband

  • CDOT (Colorado Department of Transportation)

  • CEA (French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission)

  • CEA-Leti

  • CEA-List

  • Cegeka

  • CeLa Link Corporation

  • Celfinet

  • CellAntenna Corporation

  • Cellcom (Israel)

  • Cellcomm Solutions

  • Cellient

  • Celling 5G

  • CellMax Technologies

  • Cellnex Telecom

  • CELLocity (RF Connect)

  • CellOnyx

  • Cellwize

  • cellXica

  • cellXion

  • Celona

  • CelPlan Technologies

  • Cemig (Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais)

  • Centerline Communications

  • CENTRA Technology

  • Central Petroleum

  • CentralSquare Technologies

  • Centria University of Applied Sciences

  • Centrica Storage

  • CEPRI (China Electric Power Research Institute)

  • Cepsa

  • CEPT (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations)

  • Ceragon Networks

  • Cerillion

  • CERTI Foundation

  • CertusNet

  • CETC (China Electronics Technology Group Corporation)

  • CEVA

  • CGI

  • Ch4lke Mobile

  • Challenge Networks

  • Chalmers University of Technology

  • Changchun Rail Transit

  • Changsha Metro

  • ChannelPorts

  • Charge Enterprises

  • Charité University Hospital Berlin

  • Charter Communications

  • Chat Mobility

  • Cheerzing (Xiamen Cheerzing IoT Technology)

  • Chelton

  • Chemring Technology Solutions

  • Chengdu Metro

  • Chengdu NTS

  • Chevron Corporation

  • Chicago Police Department

  • Chicony Electronics

  • China All Access

  • China Baowu Steel Group

  • China Broadnet (CBN – China Broadcasting Network)

  • China Merchants Group

  • China Merchants Heavy Industries

  • China Mobile

  • China Mobile Hong Kong

  • China National Coal Group

  • China Nuclear Power Engineering

  • China Railway (China State Railway Group)

  • China Satcom (China Satellite Communications)

  • China Shenhua Energy

  • China Southern Airlines

  • China Telecom

  • China Unicom

  • China West Airport Group

  • China-Japan Friendship Hospital

  • CHN Energy (China Energy Investment Group)

  • Choice NTUA Wireless

  • Chongqing Guoyuan Port

  • Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport

  • Chongqing Rail Transit

  • CHU Rennes (Rennes University Hospital)

  • CHU Toulouse (Toulouse University Hospital)

  • Chubu Electric Power Company

  • Chukai Cable Television System Operator

  • Chulabhorn Hospital

  • Chulalongkorn University

  • Chunghwa Telecom

  • Cibicom

  • CICPA (Critical Infrastructure and Coastal Protection Authority, UAE)

  • CICT – China Information and Communication Technology Group (China Xinke Group)

  • CIE Automotive

  • Cielo Networks

  • Ciena Corporation

  • CIG (Cambridge Industries Group)

  • Cincinnati Police Department

  • CIO (Connected IO)

  • CircleGx

  • Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya

  • Circuit Parcmotor Castellolí

  • Cirpack

  • Cirtek Holdings Philippines Corporation

  • Cisco Systems

  • CITIC Pacific Mining

  • CITIG (Canadian Interoperability Technology Interest Group)

  • CITRA (Communication and Information Technology Regulatory Authority, Kuwait)

  • Citrosuco

  • City of Las Vegas

  • City of Tucson

  • Citycom Telekommunikation (Holding Graz)

  • Citymesh

  • CitySwitch

  • CJ Group

  • CJ OliveNetworks

  • CK Hutchison

  • CKH IOD

  • Clair Global

  • Claro Brasil

  • Claro Colombia

  • Clarus Networks Group

  • Clavister

  • Clear Channel UK

  • ClearBlade

  • ClearSky Technologies

  • Cleura

  • Cleveland Clinic

  • Cleveland Police

  • Clever Logic

  • Clinical Mobility (Intellicom)

  • CloudMile

  • CloudMinds

  • Clovity

  • CLP Power Hong Kong

  • CMG (China Media Group)

  • CMHIT (China Merchants Holdings Information Technology)

  • CMIG (China Minsheng Investment Group)

  • CMIoT (China Mobile IoT)

  • CMOC Group

  • CMP (Compañía Minera del Pacífico)

  • CMPort (China Merchants Port Holdings)

  • CMU (Chiang Mai University)

  • CN (Canadian National Railway Company)

  • CNA (Cable Networks Akita)

  • CNCi (Community Network Center Inc.)

  • CNI Sales

  • CNNC (China National Nuclear Corporation)

  • CNOOC (China National Offshore Oil Corporation)

  • Cobham

  • COCUS

  • Codan Communications

  • Codelco (National Copper Corporation of Chile)

  • Codium Networks

  • Cogisys

  • Cognizant

  • Cohere Technologies

  • Coherent Logix

  • Cohort

  • Coiler Corporation

  • Collinear Networks

  • Collins Aerospace

  • Cologne Bonn Airport

  • Color Line

  • Colorado Parks and Wildlife

  • Colt Canada

  • Colt Technology Services

  • Colusa County Office of Education

  • Com4

  • COMAC (Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China)

  • Comander

  • Comarch

  • Comau

  • Comba Telecom

  • Combain Mobile

  • Combitech

  • Comcast Business

  • Comcast Corporation

  • Comcores

  • Comfone

  • Comilog

  • COMLAB

  • CommAgility

  • CommandWear Systems

  • Commercis

  • Commnet Wireless

  • Comms International/TecWise

  • Comms365

  • CommScope

  • Compal Electronics

  • Comprod

  • Comptek Technologies

  • ComReg (Commission for Communications Regulation, Ireland)

  • Comrod Communication Group

  • Coms4Grid

  • Comsol (South Africa)

  • COMSovereign

  • Comtech Telecommunications Corporation

  • Comtest Wireless

  • Comtrend Corporation

  • Comviva

  • Con Edison (Consolidated Edison)

  • CONET Technologies

  • CONEXIO Corporation

  • CONGIV

  • Conigital

  • Connect Tech

  • Connect44 Group

  • Connected Farms (Australia)

  • Connectivity Wireless Solutions

  • ConocoPhillips

  • Consolidated Minerals

  • Contela

  • Continental

  • Continual

  • Contour Networks

  • Coolpad

  • Coopavel

  • CopaSAT

  • Copel (Companhia Paranaense de Energia)

  • Core Lithium

  • coreNOC

  • Cornerstone (CTIL)

  • Cornet Technology

  • Corning

  • Correos

  • Cortina Access

  • Corum Group (DTEK Energy)

  • COSCO Group

  • COSCO Shipping Heavy Industry

  • COSCO Shipping Ports

  • Cosemi Technologies

  • COSMOTE

  • Cosumnes Fire Department

  • COTA (Circuit of The Americas)

  • Council Rock

  • County of Renfrew Paramedic Service

  • Coventry University

  • Covestro

  • Coweaver

  • Cox Communications

  • CP Communications

  • CPFL Energia

  • CPI (Center for Process Innovation)

  • CPQD (Center for Research and Development in Telecommunications, Brazil)

  • CR (China Resources) Cement

  • CR Gas (China Resources Gas Group)

  • CRA (Communications Regulatory Authority, Qatar)

  • Cradlepoint

  • CRC (Communications Research Centre Canada)

  • Creanord

  • CrisisGo

  • CritiComms

  • CROSSCALL

  • Crown Castle International Corporation

  • CRSC (China Railway Signal & Communication Corporation)

  • CRTVG (Corporación Radio e Televisión de Galicia)

  • CS Corporation

  • CSA (Canadian Space Agency)

  • CSC (China Steel Corporation)

  • CSCEC (China State Construction Engineering Corporation)

  • CSG (China Southern Power Grid)

  • CSG Systems International

  • CSSC (China State Shipbuilding Corporation)

  • CSSG (China Space Sanjiang Group)

  • CST (Communications, Space & Technology Commission, Saudi Arabia)

  • CTAG (Automotive Technology Center of Galicia)

  • CTC (Chubu Telecommunications Company)

  • CTC (ITOCHU Techno-Solutions)

  • CTG (Celestia Technologies Group)

  • CTIA

  • CTK (Carl-Thiem Hospital Cottbus)

  • CTPA (Central Texas Purchasing Alliance)

  • CTR (Central Corporation)

  • CTS (Communication Technology Services)

  • CTS Corporation

  • CTTC (Catalan Telecommunications Technology Center)

  • CTU (Czech Technical University in Prague)

  • CTU (Czech Telecommunication Office)

  • CTY (Japan)

  • Cubic Corporation

  • Cubic Defence Australia

  • Cubic Telecom

  • Cumucore

  • Curtin University

  • CUSD (Collinsville Community Unit School District) 10

  • Custom MMIC

  • CW (Cambridge Wireless)

  • Cyber Forza

  • CybertelBridge

  • Cyderes

  • Cyient

  • Cyrus Technology

  • Czech Ministry of Interior

  • CZU (Czech University of Life Sciences Prague)

  • D2 Technologies

  • Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Center

  • DAEL Group

  • Daeyoun System Company

  • Dahua Technology

  • Dali Wireless

  • Dallas ISD (Independent School District)

  • Dallas Love Field Airport

  • Dalrymple Bay Coal Terminal

  • Dalton Utilities

  • DAMM Cellular Systems

  • Danaos Shipping

  • Danfoss

  • Danish National Police

  • DARS (Slovenian Motorway Company)

  • DART (Dallas Area Rapid Transit)

  • DATACOM

  • Datagear

  • Datang Renewable Power

  • Datang Telecom Technology & Industry Group

  • Dataport

  • DataSoft

  • Datatec

  • Datong Coal Mining Group

  • Datora Group

  • Datwyler IT Infra

  • DB (Deutsche Bahn)

  • DB Cargo

  • DB Schenker

  • DBcom

  • De Beers Group

  • Debswana Diamond Company

  • Deendayal Port Authority

  • DeepOcean

  • DeepSig

  • DeepSight AI Labs

  • Defra (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, United Kingdom)

  • Dejero Labs

  • DeKalb Police Department

  • DEKRA

  • Del Conca USA

  • Dell Technologies

  • Delmarva Power and Light Company (Exelon)

  • Deloitte

  • Delta Electronics

  • DEMAG (Demag Cranes & Components)

  • DEME Group

  • DENGYO (Nihon Dengyo Kosaku)

  • Dense Air

  • Detecon

  • Deutsche Messe

  • DEWA (Dubai Electricity & Water Authority)

  • DFL (German Football League)

  • DFW (Dallas Fort Worth) International Airport

  • DGS (Digital Global Systems)

  • DHL

  • DIAKINISIS

  • Dialog Axiata

  • Dialogic

  • Diamond Communications

  • Diamond Offshore Drilling

  • DIGI Communications

  • Digi International

  • Digicert

  • Digita

  • Digital Ally

  • Digital Catapult

  • Digital Enhancement

  • DigitalBridge Group

  • DigitalC

  • DigitalRoute

  • Digitata

  • DigitGate (Nanjing DigitGate Communication Technology)

  • Dimetor

  • DISH Network Corporation

  • DKK (Denki Kogyo)

  • D-Link Corporation

  • DLR (German Aerospace Center)

  • DMG Mori

  • DMI

  • DMTCL (Dhaka Mass Transit Company Limited)

  • DNA (Finland)

  • DND (Department of National Defence, Canada)

  • DNP (Dai Nippon Printing)

  • DOA (Department of Airports, Thailand)

  • DOK'ICI

  • DOK-ING

  • Dominion Energy

  • Dongyi Group Coal Gasification Company

  • Doogee

  • Doosan Corporation

  • Dorna Sports

  • Dortmund Fire Brigade

  • DoT (Department of Telecommunications, India)

  • Dow

  • Doyle Shipping Group

  • DPOL (Dos Palos Oro Loma) Joint Unified School District

  • DragonWave-X

  • Drakontas

  • DRDC (Defence Research and Development Canada)

  • DriveNets

  • Drone Aviation

  • DroneSense

  • Druid Software

  • DRZ (German Rescue Robotics Center)

  • DSA (Dynamic Spectrum Alliance)

  • DSB (Directorate for Civil Protection, Norway)

  • DSBJ (Suzhou Dongshan Precision Manufacturing)

  • DSTL (Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, United Kingdom)

  • DT (Deutsche Telekom)

  • DTAC (Total Access Communication)

  • du (EITC – Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company)

  • Dubai Police

  • Dublin City Council

  • Dublin Fire Brigade

  • Duisburger Hafen

  • Duke Energy

  • Duke University

  • Dundee City Council

  • Duoc UC

  • Duons

  • duotec

  • Durabook (Twinhead International Corporation)

  • Duubee

  • DXC Technology

  • DZS

  • E.ON

  • EA Networks (Electricity Ashburton)

  • Eahison Communication

  • EANTC

  • Eastcom (Eastern Communications)

  • Easycom (Shenzhen Easycom Electronics)

  • EASYMETERING

  • EasyMile

  • E-Band Communications

  • e-BO Enterprises

  • EBRCSA (East Bay Regional Communications System Authority)

  • EBU (European Broadcasting Union)

  • ECE (European Communications Engineering)

  • Echelon Edge

  • EchoStar Corporation

  • Ecom Instruments

  • Econet Wireless Zimbabwe

  • Ecrio

  • ECT (Hutchison Ports ECT Rotterdam)

  • Edesur Dominicana

  • EDF

  • EDF Renewables

  • Edge Networks

  • Edgecore Networks

  • EdgeQ

  • Edgybees

  • E-Distribución

  • E-Distribuzione

  • edotco Group

  • EDP (Energias de Portugal)

  • EDX Wireless

  • Edzcom

  • EE

  • EEI (Edison Electric Institute)

  • Eesti Energia

  • Efacec

  • Effnet

  • EGC International

  • Egyptian Ministry of Defense

  • eHills Corporation

  • EHIME CATV

  • Eiffage Énergie Systèmes

  • Eigencomm

  • eino

  • EION Wireless

  • Eir (Eircom)

  • Ekinops

  • Ekobot

  • El Corte Inglés

  • Elbit Systems

  • Eldorado Gold

  • ElectraNet

  • Electricity Canada (Canadian Electricity Association)

  • Elefante Group

  • Elefsis Shipyards

  • Eleko (Spain)

  • Elektro Gorenjska

  • Elgaugol

  • E-Lins Technology

  • Elisa

  • Elisa Estonia

  • Elisa Polystar

  • Elistair

  • Elsight

  • Elta Systems

  • Eltex

  • ELUON Corporation

  • ELVA-1

  • Emblasoft

  • Embraer

  • Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation)

  • Embratel

  • EMCO (East Mining Company)

  • Emera

  • Emerging Prairie

  • Emerson

  • Emmerson Resources

  • EMnify

  • Emory Healthcare

  • EMS (Electronic Media Services)

  • ENA (Energy Networks Association)

  • ENACOM (National Communications Agency, Argentina)

  • Enagás

  • Encore Networks

  • Endeavour Energy

  • Endesa

  • Endress+Hauser

  • Enea

  • Enecom (Energia Communications)

  • Enel

  • ENENSYS Technologies

  • Energa-Operator

  • Energex

  • Energizer Mobile (Avenir Telecom)

  • Energy School Service Center

  • EnerSys

  • EnerTribe

  • Enexis

  • ENLETS (European Network of Law Enforcement Technology Services)

  • Entel (Chile)

  • ENTELEC (Energy Telecommunications and Electrical Association)

  • Entra Energy

  • Entropia

  • Entropy Solution

  • ENWAY

  • EOG Resources

  • Eoptolink Technology

  • EOS (Electro Optic Systems)

  • Epiroc

  • EPR (Energy Project Resources)

  • EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute)

  • Equiendo

  • Equinor

  • ERA (European Union Agency for Railways)

  • Eramet

  • Eravant (SAGE Millimeter)

  • Ergon Energy

  • Ericsson

  • Erillisverkot (State Security Networks Group, Finland)

  • Errigal

  • ESA (European Space Agency)

  • ESB Networks

  • Eseye

  • Esharah Etisalat Security Solutions

  • Eskom

  • ESO EAD (Electricity System Operator, Bulgaria)

  • E-Space

  • ESR Pollmeier

  • Estalky (K-Mobile Technology)

  • ETELM

  • eTera (Sinotech R&D Group)

  • Ethernity Networks

  • Etherstack

  • Etisalat Group (e&)

  • ETRI (Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute, South Korea)

  • ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)

  • Etteplan

  • EUCAST

  • EURECOM

  • Eureka

  • Eurofins E&E (Electrical and Electronics)

  • EUROGATE

  • Eurona

  • European University of Madrid

  • Eurotech

  • EUTC (European Utilities Telecom Council)

  • Eutelsat Communications

  • EUWENA (European Users of Enterprise Wireless Networks Association)

  • Eventide Communications

  • Everbridge

  • Evergy

  • Evolution Mining

  • Evonik Industries

  • evo-rail

  • EVRAZ

  • EWA (Electricity and Water Authority, Bahrain)

  • EWA (Enterprise Wireless Alliance)

  • EWG (East-West Gate) Intermodal Terminal

  • Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital

  • Ewing Police Department

  • Exacom

  • Exaware

  • Excelerate Technology

  • EXEO Group

  • EXFO

  • Exium

  • EXOR International

  • Expandium

  • Expeto

  • ExteNet Systems

  • Extreme Networks

  • Exxaro

  • ExxonMobil

  • EY (Ernst & Young)

  • Eyecom Telecommunications Group

  • EZcon Network

  • F2G (Far-Together) Solutions

  • F5

  • Facens University Center

  • Faena Hotel & Forum

  • Fairspectrum

  • Fairwaves

  • FANUC

  • Faraday Technology Corporation

  • Faroe Islands Police

  • Fastback Networks

  • FAW Group

  • FCCA (Forestry Conservation Communications Association)

  • FCNT (Fujitsu Connected Technologies)

  • FCPS (Fredericksburg City Public Schools)

  • FCTV (Fukui Cable Television)

  • Federal Engineering

  • Federated Wireless

  • FedEx

  • FEFU (Far Eastern Federal University)

  • Fenix Group

  • FERMAX

  • Ferrexpo

  • Ferrovial

  • Festipay

  • Festo

  • FET (Far EasTone Telecommunications)

  • FFC (French Cycling Federation)

  • FFG (Fair Friend Group)

  • FFI (Defense Research Establishment, Norway)

  • FGC (Catalan Government Railways)

  • FH Dortmund (Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts)

  • FiberHome Technologies

  • FIBERSTAMP

  • Fibocom

  • Fibrolan

  • FiduciaEdge Technologies

  • FIH Mobile 

  • FII (Foxconn Industrial Internet)

  • Filtronic

  • Finavia

  • FINEP (Brazilian Innovation Agency)

  • Fingu (Wuhan Fingu Electronic Technology)

  • FinnHEMS (Finnish Helicopter Emergency Medical Services)

  • Finnish Border Guard

  • Finnish Defense Forces

  • Finnlines

  • Fiplex Communications

  • Fira (Finland)

  • Fira de Barcelona

  • Firecell

  • First Quantum Minerals

  • FirstEnergy

  • FirstGroup

  • FirstNet (First Responder Network) Authority

  • FirstPoint Mobile Guard

  • FIS (International Ski Federation)

  • Fishtech Group

  • Fiskarheden

  • FIT (Foxconn Interconnect Technology)

  • Fivecomm

  • Fives Group

  • FLARE SYSTEMS (Japan)

  • Flash Networks

  • Flash Private Mobile Networks

  • Fleet Complete

  • Flex

  • Flex Logix Technologies

  • Flexitron Group

  • Flightcell International

  • FLIR Systems

  • floLIVE

  • FlowCentric Technologies

  • Flymotion

  • FMBE (FMB Engineering)

  • FMJ Group

  • FMV (Defense Materiel Administration, Sweden)

  • Fontana Unified School District

  • Ford Motor Company

  • Formosa Plastics Transport

  • Formula One

  • Føroya Tele (Faroese Telecom)

  • Forsk

  • Forsvarsmateriell (Norwegian Defense Materiel Agency)

  • Fort Worth ISD (Independent School District)

  • Fortescue Metals Group

  • Fortinet

  • Fortress Solutions

  • Fortum

  • Four-Faith Communication Technology

  • FOX Sports

  • Foxconn (Hon Hai Technology Group)

  • FPInnovations

  • Frankfurt University Hospital

  • Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences

  • Franklin Wireless

  • Fraport

  • Fraunhofer FOKUS (Institute for Open Communication Systems)

  • Fraunhofer HHI (Heinrich Hertz Institute)

  • Fraunhofer IAO (Institute for Industrial Engineering and Organization)

  • Fraunhofer IEM (Institute for Mechatronic Systems Design)

  • Fraunhofer IIS (Institute for Integrated Circuits)

  • Fraunhofer IOSB-INA (Application Center for Industrial Automation)

  • Fraunhofer IPA (Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation)

  • Fraunhofer IPK (Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology)

  • Fraunhofer IPT (Institute for Production Technology)

  • Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft

  • Fred. Olsen Cruise Lines

  • Free Mobile

  • Free Pro

  • Freedom Mobile

  • FreedomFi

  • Freeeway

  • freenet Group

  • Freeport-McMoRan

  • French Air Force

  • French Army

  • French Ministry of Armed Forces

  • French Ministry of Interior

  • Frequencz

  • Frequentis

  • Freshwave Group

  • Frog Cellsat

  • FrontierSI

  • FRTek

  • FSG (Field Solutions Group)

  • FTI Engineering Network

  • FTIA (Finnish Transport Infrastructure Agency)

  • FTS (Formula Telecom Solutions)

  • Fujikura

  • Fujitsu

  • Fundación SSG

  • Funk-Electronic Piciorgros

  • Funkwerk

  • Furukawa Electric

  • Furuno Electric

  • FUSD (Fresno Unified School District)

  • Future Technologies Venture

  • Fuzhou Metro

  • Fuzhou Port

  • FYCMA (Málaga Trade Fair and Congress Center)

  • G REIGNS

  • G+D (Giesecke+Devrient)

  • G3 Global

  • Galati Port

  • Galilee Medical Center

  • Galtronics

  • Gamma Nu

  • Gammon Construction

  • Gandi

  • Gapwaves

  • Garderos

  • GASAG

  • Gazprom Neft

  • Gazprom Space Systems

  • GAZ-SYSTEM

  • GCF (Global Certification Forum)

  • GCT Semiconductor

  • GD (General Devices)

  • GDIT (General Dynamics Information Technology)

  • GDRFA-Dubai (General Directorate of Residency and Foreigners Affairs, Dubai)

  • GE (General Electric)

  • GE Digital

  • GE HealthCare

  • GE Renewable Energy

  • Geely Auto

  • GEKA Telecom

  • Gemtek Technology

  • General Dynamics

  • General Dynamics Mission Systems

  • Generalitat Valenciana

  • Genesis Group

  • GENEViSiO

  • Genew Technologies

  • Genmix Technology

  • GenXComm

  • GEO DATA

  • George Mason University

  • Geotab

  • GeoTraq

  • Geoverse (Commnet Wireless)

  • Gerdau

  • Gestamp

  • Getac Technology Corporation

  • Gewei (Wuhan Gewei Electronic Technology)

  • GF (GlobalFoundries)

  • GF Machining Solutions

  • GFO Investments

  • GGD (Municipal Health Service) Brabant-Zuidoost

  • Gidarjil Development Corporation

  • GIGABYTE Technology

  • Gigalane

  • GIGALIGHT

  • Gigamon

  • GigaMonster

  • GigaTera Communications

  • GigSky

  • Gilat Satellite Networks

  • GL Communications

  • Glanbia

  • Glencore

  • Global Omnium

  • Global Telecom

  • Globalgig

  • Globalstar

  • Globe Telecom

  • Globe Tracker

  • Glocall Telecoms

  • Glydways

  • GM (General Motors)

  • GMO Internet Group

The Private LTE & 5G Network Ecosystem: 2023 - 2030 - Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies, Industry Verticals & Forecasts

Table of Contents

1 Chapter 1: Introduction 65
1.1 Executive Summary 65
1.2 Topics Covered 69
1.3 Forecast Segmentation 71
1.4 Key Questions Answered 74
1.5 Key Findings 76
1.6 Summary of Private LTE/5G Engagements 79
1.7 Methodology 87
1.8 Target Audience 88
1.9 Companies & Organizations Mentioned 89

2 Chapter 2: An Overview of Private LTE & 5G Networks 134
2.1 An Introduction to the 3GPP-Defined LTE & 5G Standards 134
2.1.1 LTE: The First Global Standard for Cellular Communications 134
2.1.2 LTE-Advanced: Delivering the Promise of True 4G Performance 134
2.1.3 LTE-Advanced Pro: Laying the Foundation for the 5G Era 135
2.1.4 5G: Accelerating 3GPP Expansion in Vertical Industries 136
2.1.4.1 5G Service Profiles 137
2.1.4.1.1 eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband) 137
2.1.4.1.2 URLLC (Ultra-Reliable, Low-Latency Communications) 137
2.1.4.1.3 mMTC/mIoT (Massive Machine-Type Communications/Internet of Things) 137
2.1.5 5G-Advanced & the Evolution to 6G 138
2.2 Why Adopt LTE & 5G-Based Private Wireless Networks? 139
2.2.1 Performance, Mobility, Reliability & Security Characteristics 139
2.2.2 Ability to Address Both Wide Area & Localized Coverage Needs 139
2.2.3 Variety of Frequency Bands, Bandwidth Flexibility & Spectral Efficiency 140
2.2.4 Interworking With Public Mobile Networks & Non-3GPP Technologies 140
2.2.5 3GPP Support for Industrial-Grade & Mission-Critical Applications 140
2.2.6 Future-Proof Transition Path Towards 6G Networks 140
2.2.7 Thriving Ecosystem of Chipsets, Devices & Network Equipment 141
2.2.8 Economic Viability of Deployment & Operational Costs 141
2.3 Key Themes Influencing the Adoption of Private LTE & 5G Networks 141
2.3.1 Critical Communications Broadband Evolution 142
2.3.2 Industry 4.0-Driven Wireless Connectivity Requirements 142
2.3.3 Localized Cellular Coverage for Enterprise Transformation Initiatives 143
2.3.4 Neutral Hosting, Smart Cities, Community Broadband & Other Themes 143
2.4 Practical Aspects of Private LTE & 5G Networks 144
2.4.1 LTE & 5G Technology Deployment Modes 144
2.4.1.1 LTE 144
2.4.1.2 NSA (Non-Standalone) 5G 144
2.4.1.3 SA (Standalone) 5G 144
2.4.2 Spectrum Options 146
2.4.2.1 National Spectrum for Specific Applications 146
2.4.2.1.1 Defense & PPDR (Public Protection & Disaster Relief) 146
2.4.2.1.2 Utilities & Critical Infrastructure Industries 146
2.4.2.1.3 Aviation, Maritime & Railway Communications 147
2.4.2.1.4 Other Segments 147
2.4.2.2 Local Area Licensed Spectrum 147
2.4.2.2.1 Local Area Licenses for Enterprises & Vertical Users 147
2.4.2.2.2 Local Leasing of Public Mobile Operator Frequencies 147
2.4.2.2.3 ASA (Authorized Shared Access) & Light Licensing 148
2.4.2.3 Unlicensed Spectrum 148
2.4.2.3.1 Designated License-Exempt Bands 148
2.4.2.3.2 Opportunistic Unlicensed Access 149
2.4.3 Network Size & Geographic Reach 149
2.4.3.1 Wide Area Private Cellular Networks 149
2.4.3.2 Medium-Scale Local Area Networks 149
2.4.3.3 On-Premise Campus Networks 149
2.4.4 Operational Scenarios 150
2.4.4.1 Isolated NPNs (Non-Public Networks) 150
2.4.4.2 Public Mobile Operator-Integrated NPNs 151
2.4.4.2.1 Dedicated Mobile Operator RAN Coverage 152
2.4.4.2.2 Shared RAN With On-Premise Core 152
2.4.4.2.3 Shared RAN & Control Plane 153
2.4.4.2.4 NPNs Hosted By Public Networks 154
2.4.4.3 Virtual Sliced Private Networks 155
2.4.4.4 Hybrid Public-Private Networks 156
2.4.4.5 Shared Core Private Networks 157
2.4.4.6 Secure MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) Arrangements 157
2.4.4.7 Other Approaches 158
2.4.5 Business Models 159
2.4.5.1 Fully Independent Private Networks 159
2.4.5.2 Service Provider-Managed Private Networks 159
2.4.5.3 Hybrid Ownership, Management & Control 160
2.4.5.4 Private NaaS (Network-as-a-Service) 160
2.4.5.5 Other Business Models 160
2.5 The Value Chain of Private LTE & 5G Networks 161
2.5.1 Semiconductor & Enabling Technology Specialists 161
2.5.2 Terminal OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) 162
2.5.3 RAN, Core & Transport Infrastructure Suppliers 162
2.5.4 Service Providers 162
2.5.4.1 Critical Communications, Industrial, OT & IT System Integrators 162
2.5.4.2 Pure-Play Private 4G/5G Network Operators 163
2.5.4.3 National Mobile Operators 163
2.5.4.4 MVNOs 163
2.5.4.5 Neutral Hosts 164
2.5.4.6 Towercos (Tower Companies) 164
2.5.4.7 Cloud & Edge Platform Providers 164
2.5.4.8 Fixed-Line Service Providers 165
2.5.4.9 Fiber Network Operators 165
2.5.4.10 Satellite Communications Service Providers 165
2.5.5 End User Organizations 166
2.5.6 Other Ecosystem Players 166
2.6 Market Drivers 167
2.6.1 Growing Demand for High-Bandwidth & Low-Latency Wireless Applications 167
2.6.2 Endorsement From the Critical Communications & Industry 4.0 Sectors 167
2.6.3 Limited Public Cellular Coverage in Indoor, Industrial & Remote Environments 168
2.6.4 Availability of Suitable Spectrum Options for Private Use 168
2.6.5 Guaranteed Connectivity & QoS (Quality-of-Service) Control 169
2.6.6 Greater Levels of Network Security & Data Privacy 169
2.6.7 Operators' & Vendors' Desire for New Revenue Sources 169
2.6.8 Government-Funded 5G Innovation Initiatives 170
2.7 Market Barriers 170
2.7.1 Cost & ROI (Return-On-Investment) Justification 170
2.7.2 Technical Complexities of Network Deployment & Operation 171
2.7.3 Integration With Existing Infrastructure & Applications 171
2.7.4 Limited Scale Effects Due to Lack of Spectrum Harmonization 171
2.7.5 Competition From Non-3GPP Technologies & Solutions 172
2.7.6 LTE/5G Terminal Equipment-Related Challenges 172
2.7.7 Skills Gap & Shortage of Proficient Engineers 172
2.7.8 Conservatism & Slow Pace of Change 173

3 Chapter 3: Private LTE/5G System Architecture & Technologies 174
3.1 Architectural Components of Private LTE/5G Networks 174
3.2 UE (User Equipment) 174
3.2.1 Smartphones & Handportable Devices 175
3.2.2 Industrial-Grade Routers & Gateways 175
3.2.3 Mobile Hotspots & Vehicular Terminals 175
3.2.4 Fixed Wireless CPEs (Customer Premises Equipment) 176
3.2.5 Tablets & Notebook PCs 176
3.2.6 Smart Wearables 176
3.2.7 Cellular IoT Modules 176
3.2.8 Add-On Dongles 177
3.3 RAN (Radio Access Network) 177
3.3.1 E-UTRAN – LTE RAN 177
3.3.1.1 eNBs – LTE Base Stations 177
3.3.2 NG-RAN – 5G NR Access Network 178
3.3.2.1 gNBs – 5G NR Base Stations 179
3.3.2.2 en-gNBs – Secondary Node 5G NR Base Stations 180
3.3.2.3 ng-eNBs – Next-Generation LTE Base Stations 180
3.3.3 Architectural Components of eNB/gNB Base Stations 180
3.3.3.1 RUs (Radio Units) 180
3.3.3.2 Integrated Radio & Baseband Units 181
3.3.3.3 DUs (Distributed Baseband Units) 182
3.3.3.4 CUs (Centralized Baseband Units) 182
3.4 Mobile Core 184
3.4.1 EPC (Evolved Packet Core): LTE Mobile Core 184
3.4.1.1 SGW (Serving Gateway) 184
3.4.1.2 PGW (Packet Data Network Gateway) 185
3.4.1.3 MME (Mobility Management Entity) 185
3.4.1.4 HSS (Home Subscriber Server) 185
3.4.1.5 PCRF (Policy Charging & Rules Function) 186
3.4.2 5GC (5G Core): Core Network for Standalone 5G Implementations 186
3.4.2.1 Access, Mobility & Session Management 187
3.4.2.1.1 AMF (Access & Mobility Management Function) 187
3.4.2.1.2 SMF (Session Management Function) 188
3.4.2.1.3 UPF (User Plane Function) 188
3.4.2.2 Subscription & Data Management 188
3.4.2.2.1 AUSF (Authentication Server Function) 188
3.4.2.2.2 AAnF (AKMA Anchor Function) 188
3.4.2.2.3 UDM (Unified Data Management) 189
3.4.2.2.4 UDR (Unified Data Repository) 189
3.4.2.2.5 UDSF (Unstructured Data Storage Function) 189
3.4.2.2.6 UCMF (UE Radio Capability Management Function) 189
3.4.2.2.7 5G-EIR (5G Equipment Identity Register) 190
3.4.2.3 Policy & Charging 190
3.4.2.3.1 PCF (Policy Control Function) 190
3.4.2.3.2 CHF (Charging Function) 190
3.4.2.4 Signaling & Routing 190
3.4.2.4.1 SCP (Service Communication Proxy) 190
3.4.2.4.2 SEPP (Security Edge Protection Proxy) 191
3.4.2.4.3 BSF (Binding Support Function) 191
3.4.2.5 Network Resource Management 191
3.4.2.5.1 NEF (Network Exposure Function) 191
3.4.2.5.2 NRF (Network Repository Function) 191
3.4.2.5.3 NSSF (Network Slice Selection Function) 192
3.4.2.5.4 NSSAAF (Network Slice-Specific & SNPN Authentication-Authorization Function) 192
3.4.2.5.5 NSACF (Network Slice Admission Control Function) 192
3.4.2.6 Data Analytics & Automation 192
3.4.2.6.1 NWDAF (Network Data Analytics Function) 192
3.4.2.6.2 AnLF (Analytics Logical Function) 193
3.4.2.6.3 MTLF (Model Training Logical Function) 193
3.4.2.6.4 DCCF (Data Collection Coordination Function) 193
3.4.2.6.5 ADRF (Analytics Data Repository Function) 193
3.4.2.6.6 MFAF (Messaging Framework Adaptor Function) 194
3.4.2.7 Location Services 194
3.4.2.7.1 LMF (Location Management Function) 194
3.4.2.7.2 GMLC (Gateway Mobile Location Center) 194
3.4.2.8 Application Enablement 194
3.4.2.8.1 AFs (Application Functions) 194
3.4.2.8.2 SMSF (Short Message Service Function) 195
3.4.2.8.3 CBCF (Cell Broadcast Center Function) 195
3.4.2.8.4 5G DDNMF (5G Direct Discovery Name Management Function) 195
3.4.2.8.5 TSCTSF (Time-Sensitive Communication & Time Synchronization Function) 195
3.4.2.8.6 TSN AF (Time-Sensitive Networking Application Function) 195
3.4.2.8.7 EASDF (Edge Application Server Discovery Function) 196
3.4.2.9 Multicast-Broadcast Support 196
3.4.2.9.1 MB-SMF (Multicast-Broadcast SMF) 196
3.4.2.9.2 MB-UPF (Multicast-Broadcast UPF) 196
3.4.2.9.3 MBSF (Multicast-Broadcast Service Function) 196
3.4.2.9.4 MBSTF (Multicast-Broadcast Service Transport Function) 196
3.5 Transport Network 197
3.5.1 Fronthaul: RU-to-DU Transport 198
3.5.2 Midhaul: DU-to-CU Transport 199
3.5.3 Backhaul: RAN-to-Core Transport 199
3.5.4 Physical Transmission Mediums 200
3.5.4.1 Fiber & Wireline Transport Technologies 200
3.5.4.1.1 Owned, Lit & Dark Fiber 201
3.5.4.1.2 Ethernet & IP-Based Transport 201
3.5.4.1.3 WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) 201
3.5.4.1.4 PON (Passive Optical Network) 202
3.5.4.1.5 OTN (Optical Transport Network) 202
3.5.4.1.6 DOCSIS, G.fast & Other Technologies 203
3.5.4.2 Microwave & mmWave (Millimeter Wave) Wireless Links 203
3.5.4.2.1 Traditional Bands (6 – 42 GHz) 203
3.5.4.2.2 V-Band (60 GHz) 204
3.5.4.2.3 E-Band (70/80 GHz) 204
3.5.4.2.4 W-Band (92 – 114.25 GHz) 204
3.5.4.2.5 D-Band (130 – 174.8 GHz) 205
3.5.4.3 Satellite Communications 205
3.5.4.3.1 GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) 205
3.5.4.3.2 MEO (Medium Earth Orbit) 206
3.5.4.3.3 LEO (Low Earth Orbit) 206
3.6 Services & Interconnectivity 207
3.6.1 End User Application Services 207
3.6.1.1 Generic Broadband, Messaging & IoT Services 207
3.6.1.2 IMS Core: VoLTE-VoNR (Voice-Over-LTE/5G NR) & MMTel (Multimedia Telephony) 207
3.6.1.3 MBMS, eMBMS, FeMBMS & 5G MBS/5MBS (5G Multicast-Broadcast Services) 209
3.6.1.4 Group Communications & MCS (Mission-Critical Services) 210
3.6.1.5 IIoT (Industrial IoT), Cyber-Physical Control & Domain-Specific Connected Services 211
3.6.1.6 ProSe (Proximity-Based Services) for Direct D2D (Device-to-Device) Discovery & Communications 211
3.6.1.7 Vehicular, Aviation, Maritime & Railway-Related Applications 212
3.6.1.8 3GPP Service Frameworks for Vertical Industries 212
3.6.1.8.1 CAPIF (Common API Framework) 213
3.6.1.8.2 SEAL (Service Enabler Architecture Layer for Verticals) 213
3.6.1.8.3 EDGEAPP (Architecture for Enabling Edge Applications) 213
3.6.1.9 VAL (Vertical Application Layer) Enablers 214
3.6.1.9.1 V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) 214
3.6.1.9.2 UAS (Uncrewed Aerial Systems) 214
3.6.1.9.3 5GMARCH/MSGin5G (Messaging in 5G) 214
3.6.1.9.4 FF (Factories of the Future) 215
3.6.1.9.5 PINAPP (Personal IoT Networks), XR (Extended Reality) & Others 215
3.6.2 Interconnectivity With 3GPP & Non-3GPP Networks 215
3.6.2.1 3GPP Roaming & Service Continuity 215
3.6.2.1.1 National & International Roaming 216
3.6.2.1.2 Service Continuity Outside Network Footprint 216
3.6.2.2 Non-3GPP Network Integration 216
3.6.2.2.1 ePDG (Evolved Packet Data Gateway) 216
3.6.2.2.2 TWAG/TWAP (Trusted WLAN Access Gateway/Proxy) 217
3.6.2.2.3 ANDSF (Access Network Discovery & Selection Function) 217
3.6.2.2.4 N3IWF (Non-3GPP Interworking Function) 217
3.6.2.2.5 TNGF (Trusted Non-3GPP Gateway Function) 217
3.6.2.2.6 TWIF (Trusted WLAN Interworking Function) 218
3.6.2.2.7 NSWOF (Non-Seamless WLAN Offload Function) 218
3.6.2.2.8 W-AGF (Wireline Access Gateway Function) 218
3.6.2.2.9 IWF (Interworking Function) for LMR (Land Mobile Radio) 218
3.6.2.2.10 ATSSS (Access Traffic Steering, Switching & Splitting) 218
3.7 Key Enabling Technologies & Concepts 219
3.7.1 3GPP Support for NPNs (Non-Public Networks) 219
3.7.1.1 Types of NPNs 219
3.7.1.1.1 SNPNs (Standalone NPNs) 219
3.7.1.1.2 PNI-NPNs (Public Network-Integrated NPNs) 220
3.7.1.2 SNPN Identification & Selection 220
3.7.1.3 PNI-NPN Resource Allocation & Isolation 220
3.7.1.4 CAG (Closed Access Group) for Cell Access Control 221
3.7.1.5 Mobility, Roaming & Service Continuity 221
3.7.1.6 Interworking Between SNPNs & Public Networks 221
3.7.1.7 UE Configuration & Subscription-Related Aspects 222
3.7.1.8 Other 3GPP-Defined Capabilities for NPNs 222
3.7.2 Critical Communications 222
3.7.2.1 MCX (Mission-Critical PTT, Video & Data) 223
3.7.2.2 QPP (QoS, Priority & Preemption) 223
3.7.2.3 IOPS (Isolated Operation for Public Safety) 224
3.7.2.4 Cell Site & Infrastructure Hardening 224
3.7.2.5 HPUE (High-Power User Equipment) 225
3.7.2.6 Other UE-Related Functional Enhancements 225
3.7.3 Industry 4.0 & Cellular IoT 226
3.7.3.1 URLLC Techniques: High-Reliability & Low-Latency Enablers 227
3.7.3.2 5G LAN (Local Area Network)-Type Service 227
3.7.3.3 Integration With IEEE 802.1 TSN (Time-Sensitive Networking) Systems 228
3.7.3.4 Native 3GPP Support for TSC (Time-Sensitive Communications) 228
3.7.3.5 5G NR Light: RedCap (Reduced Capability) UE Type 228
3.7.3.6 eMTC, NB-IoT & mMTC: Wide Area & High-Density IoT Applications 229
3.7.4 High-Precision Positioning 229
3.7.4.1 Assisted-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) 229
3.7.4.2 RAN-Based Positioning Techniques 230
3.7.4.3 RAN-Independent Methods 230
3.7.5 Edge Computing 230
3.7.5.1 Optimizing Latency, Service Performance & Backhaul Costs 230
3.7.5.2 3GPP-Defined Features for Edge Computing Support 231
3.7.5.3 Public vs. Private Edge Computing 231
3.7.6 Network Slicing 232
3.7.6.1 Logical Partitioning of Network Resources 232
3.7.6.2 3GPP Functions, Identifiers & Procedures for Slicing 233
3.7.6.3 RAN Slicing 233
3.7.6.4 Mobile Core Slicing 233
3.7.6.5 Transport Network Slicing 234
3.7.6.6 UE-Based Network Slicing Features 234
3.7.6.7 Management & Orchestration Aspects 234
3.7.7 Network Sharing 234
3.7.7.1 Service-Specific PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) IDs 235
3.7.7.2 DNN (Data Network Name)/APN (Access Point Name)-Based Isolation 235
3.7.7.3 GWCN (Gateway Core Network): Core Network Sharing 235
3.7.7.4 MOCN (Multi-Operator Core Network): RAN & Spectrum Sharing 235
3.7.7.5 MORAN (Multi-Operator RAN): RAN Sharing Without Spectrum Pooling 235
3.7.7.6 DECOR (Dedicated Core) & eDECOR (Enhanced DECOR) 236
3.7.7.7 Roaming in Non-Overlapping Service Areas 236
3.7.7.8 Passive Sharing of Infrastructure Resources 236
3.7.8 E2E (End-to-End) Security 237
3.7.8.1 UE Authentication Framework 237
3.7.8.2 Subscriber Privacy 237
3.7.8.3 Air Interface Confidentiality & Integrity 238
3.7.8.4 Resilience Against Radio Jamming 238
3.7.8.5 RAN, Core & Transport Network Security 238
3.7.8.6 Security Aspects of Network Slicing 239
3.7.8.7 Application Domain Protection 240
3.7.8.8 Other Security Considerations 240
3.7.9 Shared & Unlicensed Spectrum 240
3.7.9.1 CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service): Three-Tiered Sharing 241
3.7.9.2 LSA (Licensed Shared Access): Two-Tiered Sharing 241
3.7.9.3 Local Area Licensing of Shared Spectrum 241
3.7.9.4 LTE-U, LAA (Licensed Assisted Access), eLAA (Enhanced LAA) & FeLAA (Further Enhanced LAA) 242
3.7.9.5 MulteFire: Standalone LTE Operation in Unlicensed Spectrum 243
3.7.9.6 License-Exempt 1.9 GHz sXGP (Shared Extended Global Platform) 243
3.7.9.7 5G NR-U (NR in Unlicensed Spectrum) 243
3.7.10 Rapidly Deployable LTE & 5G Network Systems 244
3.7.10.1 NIB (Network-in-a-Box) Systems 244
3.7.10.2 Vehicular COWs (Cells-on-Wheels) 244
3.7.10.3 Aerial Cell Sites 245
3.7.10.4 Maritime Cellular Platforms 245
3.7.11 Direct Communications & Coverage Expansion 245
3.7.11.1 Sidelink for Direct Mode D2D Communications 245
3.7.11.2 UE-to-Network & UE-to-UE Relays 245
3.7.11.3 Indoor & Outdoor Small Cells 246
3.7.11.4 DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems) 246
3.7.11.5 IAB (Integrated Access & Backhaul) 246
3.7.11.6 Mobile IAB: VMRs (Vehicle-Mounted Relays) 247
3.7.11.7 NCRs (Network-Controlled Repeaters) 247
3.7.11.8 NTNs (Non-Terrestrial Networks) 247
3.7.11.9 ATG/A2G (Air-to-Ground) Connectivity 248
3.7.12 Cloud-Native, Software-Driven & Open Networking 248
3.7.12.1 Cloud-Native Technologies 248
3.7.12.2 Microservices & SBA (Service-Based Architecture) 248
3.7.12.3 Containerization of Network Functions 249
3.7.12.4 NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) 249
3.7.12.5 SDN (Software-Defined Networking) 249
3.7.12.6 Cloud Compute, Storage & Networking Infrastructure 250
3.7.12.7 APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) 250
3.7.12.8 Open RAN & Core Architectures 250
3.7.13 Network Intelligence & Automation 250
3.7.13.1 AI (Artificial Intelligence) 251
3.7.13.2 Machine & Deep Learning 251
3.7.13.3 Big Data & Advanced Analytics 251
3.7.13.4 SON (Self-Organizing Networks) 252
3.7.13.5 Intelligent Control, Management & Orchestration 252
3.7.13.6 Support for Network Intelligence & Automation in 3GPP Standards 252

4 Chapter 4: Key Vertical Industries & Applications 253
4.1 Cross-Sector & Enterprise Application Capabilities 253
4.1.1 Mobile Broadband 253
4.1.2 FWA (Fixed Wireless Access) 253
4.1.3 Voice & Messaging Services 254
4.1.4 High-Definition Video Transmission 255
4.1.5 Telepresence & Video Conferencing 255
4.1.6 Multimedia Broadcasting & Multicasting 256
4.1.7 IoT (Internet of Things) Networking 257
4.1.8 Wireless Connectivity for Wearables 257
4.1.9 Untethered AR/VR/MR (Augmented, Virtual & Mixed Reality) 258
4.1.10 Real-Time Holographic Projections 259
4.1.11 Tactile Internet & Haptic Feedback 260
4.1.12 Precise Positioning & Tracking 260
4.1.13 Industrial Automation 261
4.1.14 Remote Control of Machines 262
4.1.15 Connected Mobile Robotics 263
4.1.16 Unmanned & Autonomous Vehicles 264
4.1.17 BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line-of-Sight) Operation of Drones 264
4.1.18 Data-Driven Analytics & Insights 265
4.1.19 Sensor-Equipped Digital Twins 266
4.1.20 Predictive Maintenance of Assets 267
4.2 Vertical Industries & Specific Application Scenarios 268
4.2.1 Agriculture 268
4.2.1.1 Intelligent Monitoring of Crop, Soil & Weather Conditions 268
4.2.1.2 IoT & Advanced Analytics-Driven Yield Optimization 269
4.2.1.3 Sensor-Based Smart Irrigation Control Systems 269
4.2.1.4 Real-Time Tracking & Geofencing in Farms 270
4.2.1.5 Livestock & Aquaculture Health Management 270
4.2.1.6 Video-Based Remote Veterinary Inspections 271
4.2.1.7 Unmanned Autonomous Tractors & Farm Vehicles 271
4.2.1.8 Robots for Planting, Weeding & Harvesting 271
4.2.1.9 5G-Equipped Agricultural Drones 272
4.2.1.10 Connected Greenhouses & Vertical Farms 272
4.2.2 Aviation 273
4.2.2.1 Inflight Connectivity for Passengers & Cabin Crew 273
4.2.2.2 Connected Airports for Enhanced Traveler & Visitor Experience 274
4.2.2.3 Coordination of Ground Support Equipment, Vehicles & Personnel 274
4.2.2.4 ATM (Air Traffic Management) for Drones & Urban Air Mobility Vehicles 275
4.2.2.5 Wireless Upload of EFB (Electronic Flight Bag) & IFE (In-Flight Entertainment) Updates 275
4.2.2.6 Aircraft Data Offload for Operational & Maintenance Purposes 276
4.2.2.7 Video Surveillance of Airport Surface & Terminal Areas 277
4.2.2.8 5G-Enabled Remote Inspection & Repair of Aircraft 277
4.2.2.9 Navigation, Weather & Other IoT Sensors 278
4.2.2.10 Smart Baggage Handling 278
4.2.2.11 Asset Awareness & Tracking 279
4.2.2.12 Passenger Flow & Resource Management 279
4.2.2.13 Automation of Check-In & Boarding Procedures 279
4.2.2.14 Intelligent Airport Service Robots 280
4.2.3 Broadcasting 280
4.2.3.1 3GPP-Based PMSE (Program Making & Special Events) 281
4.2.3.2 Live AV (Audio-Visual) Media Production Using NPNs 281
4.2.3.3 Private 5G-Enabled Production in Remote Locations 281
4.2.3.4 Network Slicing for Contribution Feeds 282
4.2.3.5 Wire-Free Cameras & Microphones 282
4.2.3.6 Multicast & Broadcast Content Distribution 282
4.2.4 Construction 283
4.2.4.1 Wireless Connectivity for Construction Sites & Field Offices 283
4.2.4.2 Instantaneous Access to Business-Critical Applications 283
4.2.4.3 5G-Based Remote Control of Heavy Machinery 284
4.2.4.4 Autonomous Mobile Robots for Construction 284
4.2.4.5 IoT Sensor-Driven Maintenance of Equipment 284
4.2.4.6 Video Surveillance & Analytics for Site Security 285
4.2.4.7 Real-Time Visibility of Personnel, Assets & Materials 285
4.2.4.8 Aerial Surveying & Monitoring of Construction Sites 286
4.2.5 Education 286
4.2.5.1 Remote & Distance Learning Services 286
4.2.5.2 Mobile Access to Academic Resources 287
4.2.5.3 5G-Connected Smart Classrooms 287
4.2.5.4 Automation of Administrative Tasks 288
4.2.5.5 Personalized & Engaging Learning 288
4.2.5.6 AR/VR-Based Immersive Lessons 288
4.2.5.7 5G-Enabled Virtual Field Trips 289
4.2.5.8 Educational Telepresence Robots 289
4.2.6 Forestry 290
4.2.6.1 Wireless Connectivity for Forestry Operations & Recreation 290
4.2.6.2 5G-Facilitated Teleoperation of Forestry Equipment 290
4.2.6.3 Autonomous Harvesting & Milling Machinery 291
4.2.6.4 Real-Time Tracking of Equipment, Vehicles & Personnel 291
4.2.6.5 Cellular IoT Sensors for Biological & Environmental Monitoring 291
4.2.6.6 Wireless Cameras for Wildlife Observation, Conservation & Security 292
4.2.6.7 Early Wildfire Detection & Containment Systems 292
4.2.6.8 Drones for Search & Rescue Operations 293
4.2.7 Healthcare 293
4.2.7.1 5G-Connected Smart Hospitals & Healthcare Facilities 294
4.2.7.2 Wireless Transmission of Medical Imagery & Rich Datasets 294
4.2.7.3 Real-Time Monitoring of Patients in Acute & Intensive Care 295
4.2.7.4 Telehealth Video Consultations for Visual Assessment 295
4.2.7.5 Connectivity for AI-Based Healthcare Applications 296
4.2.7.6 AR Systems for Complex Medical Procedures 297
4.2.7.7 Remote-Controlled Surgery & Examination 297
4.2.7.8 Assisted Living & Rehabilitation Robotics 297
4.2.7.9 Immersive VR-Based Medical & Surgical Training 298
4.2.7.10 Connected Ambulances for EMS (Emergency Medical Services) 299
4.2.8 Manufacturing 299
4.2.8.1 Untethered Connectivity for Production & Process Automation 300
4.2.8.2 Wireless Motion Control & C2C (Control-to-Control) Communications 300
4.2.8.3 Cellular-Equipped Mobile Control Panels 301
4.2.8.4 Mobile Robots & AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles) 301
4.2.8.5 Autonomous Forklifts & Warehouse Robotics 302
4.2.8.6 AR-Facilitated Factory Floor Operations 302
4.2.8.7 Machine Vision-Based Quality Inspection 303
4.2.8.8 Closed-Loop Process Control 304
4.2.8.9 Process & Environmental Monitoring 304
4.2.8.10 Precise Indoor Positioning for Asset Management 305
4.2.8.11 Remote Access & Maintenance of Equipment 305
4.2.9 Military 306
4.2.9.1 5G-Based Tactical Battlefield Communications 306
4.2.9.2 Smart Military Bases & Command Posts 307
4.2.9.3 ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance) 308
4.2.9.4 Command & Control of Weapon Systems 309
4.2.9.5 Remote Operation of Robotics & Unmanned Assets 309
4.2.9.6 AR HUD (Heads-Up Display) Systems 310
4.2.9.7 Wireless VR/MR-Based Military Training 311
4.2.9.8 Perimeter Security & Force Protection 311
4.2.10 Mining 312
4.2.10.1 Safety-Critical Communications in Remote Mining Environments 312
4.2.10.2 Wireless Control of Drilling, Excavation & Related Equipment 313
4.2.10.3 Automated Loading, Haulage & Train Operations 313
4.2.10.4 Video-Based Monitoring of Personnel & Assets 314
4.2.10.5 Underground Positioning & Geofencing 315
4.2.10.6 Smart Ventilation & Water Management 316
4.2.10.7 Real-Time Operational Intelligence 317
4.2.10.8 AR & VR for Mining Operations 317
4.2.11 Oil & Gas 318
4.2.11.1 Wireless Connectivity for Remote Exploration & Production Sites 319
4.2.11.2 Critical Voice & Data-Based Mobile Workforce Communications 319
4.2.11.3 Push-to-Video & Telepresence Conferencing for Field Operations 320
4.2.11.4 Cellular-Equipped Surveillance Cameras for Situational Awareness 321
4.2.11.5 IoT Sensor-Enabled Remote Monitoring & Automation of Processes 321
4.2.11.6 SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) Communications 322
4.2.11.7 Location Services for Worker Safety & Asset Tracking 323
4.2.11.8 AR Smart Helmets for Hands-Free Remote Assistance 323
4.2.11.9 Predictive Maintenance of Oil & Gas Facilities 324
4.2.11.10 Mobile Robots for Safety Hazard Inspections 325
4.2.12 Ports & Maritime Transport 326
4.2.12.1 Critical Communications for Port Workers 326
4.2.12.2 Automation of Port & Terminal Operations 327
4.2.12.3 5G-Connected AGVs for Container Transport 327
4.2.12.4 Remote-Controlled Cranes & Terminal Tractors 328
4.2.12.5 Video Analytics for Operational Purposes 328
4.2.12.6 Environmental & Condition Monitoring 329
4.2.12.7 Port Traffic Management & Control 329
4.2.12.8 AR & VR Applications for Port Digitization 330
4.2.12.9 Unmanned Aerial Inspections of Port Facilities 331
4.2.12.10 Private Cellular-Enabled Maritime Communications 331
4.2.12.11 Wireless Ship-to-Shore Connectivity in Nearshore Waters 332
4.2.12.12 5G-Facilitated Remote Steering of Unmanned Vessels 332
4.2.13 Public Safety 333
4.2.13.1 Mission-Critical PTT Voice Communications 333
4.2.13.2 Real-Time Video & High-Resolution Imagery 334
4.2.13.3 Messaging, File Transfer & Presence Services 334
4.2.13.4 Secure & Seamless Mobile Broadband Access 335
4.2.13.5 Location-Based Services & Enhanced Mapping 335
4.2.13.6 Multimedia CAD (Computer-Aided Dispatch) 336
4.2.13.7 Massive-Scale Video Surveillance & Analytics 336
4.2.13.8 Smart Glasses & AR Headgear for First Responders 336
4.2.13.9 5G-Equipped Police, Firefighting & Rescue Robots 337
4.2.13.10 5G MBS/5MBS in High-Density Environments 337
4.2.13.11 Sidelink-Based Direct Mode Communications 337
4.2.14 Railways 338
4.2.14.1 FRMCS (Future Railway Mobile Communication System) 338
4.2.14.2 Train-to-Ground & Train-to-Train Connectivity 338
4.2.14.3 Wireless Intra-Train Communications 339
4.2.14.4 Rail Operations-Critical Voice, Data & Video Services 339
4.2.14.5 ATO (Automatic Train Operation) & Traffic Management 339
4.2.14.6 Video Surveillance for Operational Safety & Security 340
4.2.14.7 Smart Maintenance of Railway Infrastructure 340
4.2.14.8 Intelligent Management of Logistics Facilities 341
4.2.14.9 Onboard Broadband Internet Access 341
4.2.14.10 PIS (Passenger Information Systems) 341
4.2.14.11 Smart Rail & Metro Station Services 342
4.2.15 Utilities 342
4.2.15.1 Multi-Service FANs (Field Area Networks) 342
4.2.15.2 Critical Applications for Field Workforce Communications 343
4.2.15.3 AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) 343
4.2.15.4 DA (Distribution Automation) Systems 344
4.2.15.5 Microgrid & DER (Distributed Energy Resource) Integration 344
4.2.15.6 5G-Enabled VPPs (Virtual Power Plants) 344
4.2.15.7 Low-Latency SCADA Applications for Utilities 345
4.2.15.8 Teleprotection of Transmission & Distribution Grids 345
4.2.15.9 Video Monitoring for Critical Infrastructure Protection 345
4.2.15.10 Sensor-Based Detection of Water & Gas Leaks 345
4.2.15.11 AR Information Overlays for Repairs & Maintenance 346
4.2.15.12 Drone & Robot-Assisted Inspections of Utility Assets 346
4.2.15.13 Local Wireless Connectivity for Remote & Offshore Facilities 346
4.2.16 Other Verticals 346

5 Chapter 5: Spectrum Availability, Allocation & Usage 348
5.1 National & Local Area Licensed Spectrum 348
5.1.1 Low-Band (Sub-1 GHz) 348
5.1.1.1 200 – 400 MHz 348
5.1.1.2 410 & 450 MHz 349
5.1.1.3 600 MHz 350
5.1.1.4 700 MHz 350
5.1.1.5 800 MHz 351
5.1.1.6 900 MHz 351
5.1.2 Mid-Band (1 – 6 GHz) 352
5.1.2.1 1.4 GHz 352
5.1.2.2 1.6 GHz 352
5.1.2.3 1.8 GHz 352
5.1.2.4 1.9 GHz 353
5.1.2.5 2.1 GHz 353
5.1.2.6 2.3 GHz 354
5.1.2.7 2.4 GHz 354
5.1.2.8 2.5 GHz 355
5.1.2.9 2.6 GHz 355
5.1.2.10 3.3 – 3.8 GHz 355
5.1.2.11 3.8 – 4.2 GHz 356
5.1.2.12 4.6 – 4.9 GHz 357
5.1.2.13 Other Bands 357
5.1.3 High-Band mmWave (Millimeter Wave) 357
5.1.3.1 26 GHz 358
5.1.3.2 28 GHz 358
5.1.3.3 37 GHz 358
5.1.3.4 Other Bands 358
5.2 License-Exempt (Unlicensed) Spectrum 358
5.2.1 Sub-1 GHz Bands (470 – 790/800/900 MHz) 359
5.2.2 1.8 GHz DECT Guard Band 359
5.2.3 1.9 GHz sXGP Band 360
5.2.4 2.4 GHz (2,400 – 2,483.5 MHz) 360
5.2.5 3.5 GHz CBRS GAA Tier (3,550 – 3,700 MHz) 360
5.2.6 5 GHz (5,150 – 5,925 MHz) 361
5.2.7 6 GHz (5,925 – 7,125 MHz) 361
5.2.8 60 GHz (57 – 71 GHz) 361
5.2.9 Other Bands 361
5.3 North America 362
5.3.1 United States 362
5.3.2 Canada 363
5.4 Asia Pacific 364
5.4.1 Australia 364
5.4.2 New Zealand 364
5.4.3 China 365
5.4.4 Hong Kong 366
5.4.5 Taiwan 366
5.4.6 Japan 367
5.4.7 South Korea 367
5.4.8 Singapore 368
5.4.9 Malaysia 368
5.4.10 Indonesia 369
5.4.11 Philippines 369
5.4.12 Thailand 370
5.4.13 Vietnam 370
5.4.14 Laos 370
5.4.15 Myanmar 370
5.4.16 India 371
5.4.17 Pakistan 372
5.4.18 Rest of Asia Pacific 372
5.5 Europe 372
5.5.1 United Kingdom 372
5.5.1.1 Great Britain 372
5.5.1.2 Northern Ireland 373
5.5.2 Republic of Ireland 373
5.5.3 France 374
5.5.4 Germany 374
5.5.5 Belgium 375
5.5.6 Netherlands 375
5.5.7 Switzerland 376
5.5.8 Austria 377
5.5.9 Italy 377
5.5.10 Spain 378
5.5.11 Portugal 378
5.5.12 Sweden 379
5.5.13 Norway 380
5.5.14 Denmark 380
5.5.15 Finland 380
5.5.16 Estonia 381
5.5.17 Czech Republic 381
5.5.18 Poland 382
5.5.19 Ukraine 382
5.5.20 Türkiye 382
5.5.21 Greece 383
5.5.22 Bulgaria 383
5.5.23 Romania 383
5.5.24 Hungary 384
5.5.25 Slovenia 384
5.5.26 Croatia 385
5.5.27 Russia 385
5.5.28 Belarus 386
5.5.29 Rest of Europe 386
5.6 Middle East & Africa 386
5.6.1 Saudi Arabia 386
5.6.2 United Arab Emirates 387
5.6.3 Qatar 387
5.6.4 Oman 388
5.6.5 Bahrain 388
5.6.6 Kuwait 388
5.6.7 Jordan 389
5.6.8 Israel 389
5.6.9 Egypt 389
5.6.10 Algeria 389
5.6.11 Morocco 390
5.6.12 Tunisia 390
5.6.13 South Africa 390
5.6.14 Botswana 391
5.6.15 Zambia 391
5.6.16 Kenya 391
5.6.17 Ethiopia 392
5.6.18 Angola 392
5.6.19 Republic of the Congo 392
5.6.20 Gabon 392
5.6.21 Nigeria 393
5.6.22 Ghana 393
5.6.23 Senegal 393
5.6.24 Rest of the Middle East & Africa 393
5.7 Latin & Central America 394
5.7.1 Brazil 394
5.7.2 Mexico 394
5.7.3 Argentina 395
5.7.4 Colombia 395
5.7.5 Chile 396
5.7.6 Peru 396
5.7.7 Ecuador 396
5.7.8 Bolivia 397
5.7.9 Dominican Republic 397
5.7.10 Bardados 397
5.7.11 Trinidad & Tobago 397
5.7.12 Suriname 398
5.7.13 Rest of Latin & Central America 398

6 Chapter 6: Standardization, Regulatory & Collaborative Initiatives 399
6.1 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) 399
6.1.1 Releases 11-14: 3GPP-Based Critical Communications Features 399
6.1.2 Release 15: 5G eMBB, Network Slicing, Improvements for MTC/IoT & MCX Extensions 400
6.1.3 Release 16: 3GPP Support for NPNs, 5G URLLC, TSN, NR-U & Vertical Application Enablers 400
6.1.4 Release 17: NPN Enhancements, Edge Computing, TSC, Expansion of IIoT Features, RedCap & NTN Connectivity 401
6.1.5 Release 18: 5G-Advanced, Further NPN Refinements, DetNet, Intelligent Automation, Spectrum Flexibility & XR Services 402
6.1.6 Releases 19, 20, 21 & Beyond: Succession From 5G-Advanced to the 6G Evolution 403
6.2 450 MHz Alliance 404
6.2.1 Promoting 3GPP Technologies in the 380 – 470 MHz Frequency Range 404
6.3 5G-ACIA (5G Alliance for Connected Industries and Automation) 404
6.3.1 Maximizing the Applicability of 5G Technology in the Industrial Domain 405
6.4 5GAIA (5G Applications Industry Array) 405
6.4.1 Advancing the Development of China's 5G Applications Industry 406
6.5 5G Campus Network Alliance 406
6.5.1 Supporting the Market Development of 5G Campus Networks in Germany 406
6.6 5GDNA (5G Deterministic Networking Alliance) 407
6.6.1 Industry Collaboration & Promotion of 5GDN (5G Deterministic Networking) 407
6.7 5GFF (5G Future Forum) 407
6.7.1 Accelerating the Delivery of 5G MEC (Multi-Access Edge Computing) Solutions 407
6.8 5G Forum (South Korea) 408
6.8.1 Expanding Convergence Between 5G Technology & Vertical Industries 408
6.9 5G Health Association 408
6.9.1 Interfacing 5G-Based Connectivity & Healthcare Applications 409
6.10 5G-MAG (5G Media Action Group) 409
6.10.1 5G-Based NPNs in Media Production 409
6.11 5GMF (Fifth Generation Mobile Communication Promotion Forum, Japan) 409
6.11.1 Initiatives Related to Local 5G Networks in Japan 410
6.12 5GSA (5G Slicing Association) 410
6.12.1 Addressing Vertical Industry Requirements for 5G Network Slicing 410
6.13 6G-IA (6G Smart Networks and Services Industry Association) 411
6.13.1 Private 5G-Related Projects & Activities 411
6.14 AGURRE (Association of Major Users of Operational Radio Networks, France) 411
6.14.1 Spectrum Access, Regulatory Framework & Industrial Ecosystem for Private Mobile Networks 412
6.15 APCO (Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials) International 412
6.15.1 Public Safety LTE/5G-Related Advocacy Efforts 412
6.16 ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions) 413
6.16.1 Deployment & Operational Requirements of 5G-Based NPNs 413
6.16.2 Shared HNI & IBN Administration for CBRS Spectrum 414
6.16.3 Other Private LTE & 5G-Related Initiatives 414
6.17 BTG (Dutch Association of Large-Scale ICT & Telecommunications Users) 414
6.17.1 KMBG (Dutch Critical Mobile Broadband Users) Expert Group 414
6.18 B-TrunC (Broadband Trunking Communication) Industry Alliance 415
6.18.1 B-TrunC Standard for LTE-Based Critical Communications 415
6.19 CAMET (China Association of Metros) 415
6.19.1 Adoption of 3GPP Networks for Urban Rail Transit Systems 416
6.20 CEPT (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations) 416
6.20.1 Common Spectrum Policies for Local 4G/5G, PPDR Broadband & FRMCS 416
6.21 DSA (Dynamic Spectrum Alliance) 417
6.21.1 Promoting Unlicensed & Dynamic Access to Spectrum 417
6.22 Electricity Canada (Canadian Electricity Association) 418
6.22.1 PVNO & Dedicated Spectrum for Smart Grid Communications 418
6.23 ENTELEC (Energy Telecommunications and Electrical Association) 418
6.23.1 Policy Advocacy & Other Private LTE/5G-Related Activities 419
6.24 EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute) 419
6.24.1 Research & Guidelines in Support of 3GPP-Based Utility Communications 419
6.25 ERA (European Union Agency for Railways) 419
6.25.1 Evolution of Railway Radio Communication Project 420
6.26 ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) 420
6.26.1 Technical Specifications for FRMCS, PPDR Broadband, MCX & TETRA-3GPP Interworking 420
6.26.2 Other Work Relevant to Private LTE & 5G Networks 421
6.27 EU-Rail (Europe’s Rail Joint Undertaking) 421
6.27.1 FRMCS-Related Research & Innovation Activities 421
6.28 EUTC (European Utilities Telecom Council) 422
6.28.1 Addressing LTE & 5G-Related Requirements for European Utilities 422
6.29 EUWENA (European Users of Enterprise Wireless Networks Association) 422
6.29.1 Catalyzing the Wider Adoption of 3GPP-Based Private Networks 422
6.30 EWA (Enterprise Wireless Alliance) 423
6.30.1 Supporting the Private Wireless Industry in the United States 423
6.31 free5GC 423
6.31.1 Open-Source 5GC Software 423
6.32 GSA (Global Mobile Suppliers Association) 424
6.32.1 Advocacy for Private Mobile Networks 424
6.33 GSMA (GSM Association) 424
6.33.1 Guidelines for 5G Private & Dedicated Networks 424
6.34 GUTMA (Global UTM Association) 425
6.34.1 ACJA (Aerial Connectivity Joint Activity) Initiative 425
6.35 ITU (International Telecommunication Union) 425
6.35.1 International & Regional Harmonization of LTE/5G Spectrum 426
6.35.2 Defining the Role of IMT-2020 to Support Vertical Applications 426
6.36 JOTS (Joint Operators Technical Specification) Forum 426
6.36.1 NHIB (Neutral Host In-Building) Specification 426
6.37 JRC (Joint Radio Company) 427
6.37.1 Supporting LTE/5G-Based Smart Grid Initiatives 427
6.38 KRRI (Korea Railroad Research Institute) 427
6.38.1 Functional Testing & Certification of LTE-R (LTE-Based Railway Communications) 427
6.39 LF (Linux Foundation) 428
6.39.1 Magma Mobile Core Software Platform 428
6.39.2 LF Networking's 5G Super Blueprint 428
6.39.3 LF Edge's Akraino Private LTE/5G ICN (Integrated Cloud-Native) Blueprint 429
6.39.4 Other Projects Relevant to Private LTE & 5G Networks 429
6.40 MFA (MulteFire Alliance) 429
6.40.1 Uni5G Technology Blueprints for Private 5G Networks 429
6.40.2 Network Identifier Program Supporting Private & Neutral Host Networks 430
6.40.3 MulteFire Specifications: LTE Operation in Unlicensed Spectrum 430
6.40.4 Certification Program for MulteFire Equipment 430
6.40.5 MulteFire OSU (Online Sign-Up) System 431
6.41 NGA (Next G Alliance) 431
6.41.1 Building the Foundation for North American Leadership in 6G 431
6.42 NGMN (Next-Generation Mobile Networks) Alliance 432
6.42.1 Work Related to Private 5G & Network Slicing 432
6.43 NSC (National Spectrum Consortium) 432
6.43.1 Enhancing Spectrum Superiority & 5G Capabilities for Federal Users 433
6.44 OCP (Open Compute Project) Foundation 433
6.44.1 Initiatives Aimed at Open Designs for Telco Hardware 433
6.45 one6G Association 433
6.45.1 Driving 6G Innovation & Development Across Vertical Industries 434
6.46 ONF (Open Networking Foundation) 434
6.46.1 Aether Private 5G Connected Edge Platform 434
6.46.2 SD-RAN, SD-Core, OMEC & Other Relevant Projects 434
6.47 OnGo Alliance 435
6.47.1 Promoting 4G & 5G OnGo Wireless Network Technology 435
6.47.2 Technical Specifications & Guidelines for 4G/5G-Based CBRS Networks 435
6.47.3 Product Certification Program Supporting Multi-Vendor Interoperability 435
6.48 OPC Foundation 436
6.48.1 OPC UA (Unified Architecture) Over 5G for Industry 4.0 Applications 436
6.49 Open RAN Policy Coalition 436
6.49.1 Promoting Policies to Drive the Adoption of Open RAN 437
6.50 Open5GCore 437
6.50.1 Vendor-Independent 5GC Implementation 437
6.51 Open5GS & NextEPC 438
6.51.1 Open-Source 5GC & EPC Software 438
6.52 OpenInfra (Open Infrastructure) Foundation 438
6.52.1 StarlingX Software Stack for Ultra-Low Latency Edge Applications 438
6.52.2 OpenStack Cloud Software & Other Projects 439
6.53 O-RAN Alliance 439
6.53.1 O-RAN Architecture Specifications 439
6.53.2 O-RAN SC (Software Community) 440
6.53.3 Testing & Integration Support 440
6.54 OSA (OpenAirInterface Software Alliance) 440
6.54.1 OAI (OpenAirInterface) 5G RAN, Core & MOSAIC5G Projects 440
6.55 PIA (PSBN Innovation Alliance) 441
6.55.1 PSBN (Public Safety Broadband Network) Governance in Canada's Ontario Province 441
6.56 PMeV (German Professional Mobile Radio Association) 441
6.56.1 Professional Broadband & 5G Campus Network-Related Activities 441
6.57 PSBTA (Public Safety Broadband Technology Association) 442
6.57.1 Public Safety LTE/5G-Related Activities 442
6.58 PSCE (Public Safety Communication Europe) 442
6.58.1 Public Safety Broadband-Related Standardization Activities 443
6.58.2 BroadX Projects: Pan-European Interoperable Mobile Broadband System for Public Safety 443
6.59 Safe-Net Forum 444
6.59.1 Technical & Policy Guidance for 3GPP-Based Critical Communications Networks 444
6.60 SCF (Small Cell Forum) 445
6.60.1 Reference Blueprints for Private 5G Networks 445
6.60.2 Neutral Hosting, Edge Computing & Other Relevant Work 445
6.61 Seamless Air Alliance 445
6.61.1 Leading Global Standards for Inflight Connectivity 446
6.62 SimpleRAN 446
6.62.1 Ensuring Interoperability & Transparency in the vRAN Ecosystem 446
6.63 srsRAN Project 446
6.63.1 Open-Source 4G & 5G Software Suites 447
6.64 TCA (Trusted Connectivity Alliance) 447
6.64.1 5G SIM/eSIM Recommendations for Private Networks 447
6.65 TCCA (The Critical Communications Association) 447
6.65.1 CCBG (Critical Communications Broadband Group) 448
6.65.2 BIG (Broadband Industry Group) 448
6.65.3 SCADA, Smart Grid & IoT Group 449
6.65.4 Future Technologies Group 449
6.66 techUK 449
6.66.1 SPF (Spectrum Policy Forum) 450
6.67 TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) 450
6.67.1 Defining Requirements for LMR-3GPP Interworking & Critical Broadband Capabilities 450
6.68 TIP (Telecom Infra Project) 450
6.68.1 5G Private Networks Solution Group 451
6.68.2 Neutral Host NaaS Solution Group 451
6.68.3 OpenRAN & Open Core Network Groups 451
6.68.4 Other Relevant Product & Solution Groups 452
6.69 TTA (Telecommunications Technology Association, South Korea) 452
6.69.1 Standardization Efforts for 3GPP-Based Public Safety, Railway & Maritime Communications 452
6.70 U.S. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) 453
6.70.1 Public Safety Broadband & 5G-Related R&D Initiatives 453
6.71 U.S. NPSTC (National Public Safety Telecommunications Council) 453
6.71.1 Leadership for LMR-3GPP Interworking & Public Safety Broadband Communications 454
6.72 U.S. NTIA (National Telecommunications and Information Administration) 454
6.72.1 Wireless Innovation & Supply Chain Security 454
6.73 UBBA (Utility Broadband Alliance) 455
6.73.1 Championing the Advancement of Private Broadband Networks for Utilities 455
6.74 UIC (International Union of Railways) 455
6.74.1 FRMCS Program for the Replacement of GSM-R Networks 455
6.75 UK5G Innovation Network 456
6.75.1 Promoting Private 5G Adoption Projects, Testbeds & Trials 456
6.76 UNIFE (The European Rail Supply Industry Association) 456
6.76.1 UNITEL Committee: Development & Implementation of FRMCS 457
6.77 UTC (Utilities Technology Council) 457
6.77.1 Private LTE & 5G-Related Advocacy, Technology Development & Policy Efforts 457
6.78 UTCAL (Utilities Telecom & Technology Council América Latina) 458
6.78.1 Promoting Private LTE & 5G Networks for Latin American Utilities 458
6.79 VDMA (German Mechanical and Plant Engineering Association) 458
6.79.1 Guidelines for 5G in Mechanical & Plant Engineering 458
6.80 WBA (Wireless Broadband Alliance) 459
6.80.1 5G & Wi-Fi Convergence in Private 5G Networks 459
6.80.2 OpenRoaming for Private LTE/5G 459
6.81 WhiteSpace Alliance 459
6.81.1 Promoting the Use of 3GPP, IEEE & IETF Standards for TVWS Spectrum 460
6.82 WInnForum (Wireless Innovation Forum) 460
6.82.1 CBRS Standards for the Implementation of FCC Rulemaking 460
6.82.2 6 GHz Unlicensed Sharing & Other Committees 461
6.83 XGP (eXtended Global Platform) Forum 461
6.83.1 Development & Promotion of the sXGP Unlicensed LTE Service 461
6.84 Others 461
6.84.1 Vendor-Led Private LTE/5G Alliances 461
6.84.2 National Government Agencies & Regulators 462
6.84.3 Regional & Country-Specific Associations 462
6.84.4 Global Industry Initiatives & Organizations 463

7 Chapter 7: Review of Private LTE/5G Installations Worldwide 464
7.1 North America 464
7.1.1 United States 464
7.1.2 Canada 466
7.2 Asia Pacific 466
7.2.1 Australia 466
7.2.2 New Zealand 466
7.2.3 China 467
7.2.4 Hong Kong 467
7.2.5 Taiwan 467
7.2.6 Japan 468
7.2.7 South Korea 468
7.2.8 Singapore 468
7.2.9 Malaysia 469
7.2.10 Indonesia 469
7.2.11 Papua New Guinea 469
7.2.12 Philippines 469
7.2.13 Thailand 469
7.2.14 Vietnam 470
7.2.15 Laos 470
7.2.16 Myanmar 470
7.2.17 India 470
7.2.18 Pakistan 471
7.2.19 Bangladesh 471
7.2.20 Rest of Asia Pacific 471
7.3 Europe 472
7.3.1 United Kingdom 472
7.3.2 Republic of Ireland 472
7.3.3 France 472
7.3.4 Germany 473
7.3.5 Belgium 473
7.3.6 Netherlands 473
7.3.7 Switzerland 474
7.3.8 Austria 474
7.3.9 Italy 474
7.3.10 Spain 475
7.3.11 Portugal 475
7.3.12 Sweden 475
7.3.13 Norway 475
7.3.14 Denmark 476
7.3.15 Finland 476
7.3.16 Estonia 476
7.3.17 Czech Republic 477
7.3.18 Poland 477
7.3.19 Ukraine 477
7.3.20 Latvia 477
7.3.21 Türkiye 478
7.3.22 Greece 478
7.3.23 Bulgaria 478
7.3.24 Romania 478
7.3.25 Hungary 478
7.3.26 Slovakia 479
7.3.27 Slovenia 479
7.3.28 Croatia 479
7.3.29 Serbia 479
7.3.30 Kosovo 480
7.3.31 Russia 480
7.3.32 Belarus 480
7.3.33 Rest of Europe 480
7.4 Middle East & Africa 481
7.4.1 Saudi Arabia 481
7.4.2 United Arab Emirates 481
7.4.3 Qatar 481
7.4.4 Oman 481
7.4.5 Bahrain 482
7.4.6 Kuwait 482
7.4.7 Iraq 482
7.4.8 Jordan 483
7.4.9 Lebanon 483
7.4.10 Israel 483
7.4.11 Egypt 483
7.4.12 Algeria 484
7.4.13 Morocco 484
7.4.14 Tunisia 484
7.4.15 South Africa 484
7.4.16 Botswana 485
7.4.17 Zimbabwe 485
7.4.18 Zambia 485
7.4.19 Kenya 485
7.4.20 Ethiopia 486
7.4.21 Somalia 486
7.4.22 Madagascar 486
7.4.23 Mauritius 486
7.4.24 Angola 486
7.4.25 Republic of the Congo 487
7.4.26 Gabon 487
7.4.27 Central African Republic 487
7.4.28 Cameroon 487
7.4.29 Nigeria 488
7.4.30 Ghana 488
7.4.31 Côte d'Ivoire 488
7.4.32 Mali 488
7.4.33 Senegal 489
7.4.34 Rest of the Middle East & Africa 489
7.5 Latin & Central America 489
7.5.1 Brazil 489
7.5.2 Mexico 490
7.5.3 Argentina 490
7.5.4 Colombia 490
7.5.5 Chile 490
7.5.6 Peru 491
7.5.7 Venezuela 491
7.5.8 Ecuador 491
7.5.9 Bolivia 492
7.5.10 Dominican Republic 492
7.5.11 Jamaica 492
7.5.12 Barbados 492
7.5.13 Trinidad & Tobago 493
7.5.14 Dutch Caribbean 493
7.5.15 Suriname 493
7.5.16 Rest of Latin & Central America 493

8 Chapter 8: Private LTE/5G Case Studies 494
8.1 450connect: Nationwide 450 MHz LTE Network for the Digitization of German Energy & Water Utilities 494
8.1.1 Operational Model 494
8.1.2 Spectrum Type 494
8.1.3 Integrators & Suppliers 494
8.1.4 Deployment Summary 494
8.2 ADF (Australian Defence Force): Revamping Military Training Facilities With Private Cellular Networks 496
8.2.1 Operational Model 496
8.2.2 Spectrum Type 496
8.2.3 Integrators & Suppliers 496
8.2.4 Deployment Summary 496
8.3 Adif AV (Alta Velocidad): Private 5G Network for Strategic Logistics Terminals 497
8.3.1 Operational Model 497
8.3.2 Spectrum Type 497
8.3.3 Integrators & Suppliers 497
8.3.4 Deployment Summary 497
8.4 Agnico Eagle Mines: Streamlining Mining Operations With Private 4G/5G Networks 499
8.4.1 Operational Model 499
8.4.2 Spectrum Type 499
8.4.3 Integrators & Suppliers 499
8.4.4 Deployment Summary 499
8.5 Airport Authority Hong Kong: HKIA Public-Private 5G Infrastructure Project 502
8.5.1 Operational Model 502
8.5.2 Spectrum Type 502
8.5.3 Integrators & Suppliers 502
8.5.4 Deployment Summary 502
8.6 Ameren: 900 MHz Private Communications Network for Grid Modernization 504
8.6.1 Operational Model 504
8.6.2 Spectrum Type 504
8.6.3 Integrators & Suppliers 504
8.6.4 Deployment Summary 504
8.7 ANA (All Nippon Airways): Local 5G-Enabled Digital Transformation of Aviation Training 506
8.7.1 Operational Model 506
8.7.2 Spectrum Type 506
8.7.3 Integrators & Suppliers 506
8.7.4 Deployment Summary 506
8.8 APM Terminals (Maersk): Revolutionizing Terminal Operations With Private 5G Networks 507
8.8.1 Operational Model 507
8.8.2 Spectrum Type 507
8.8.3 Integrators & Suppliers 507
8.8.4 Deployment Summary 507
8.9 Aramco (Saudi Arabian Oil Company): Private LTE Network for Remote Oil & Gas Wells 509
8.9.1 Operational Model 509
8.9.2 Spectrum Type 509
8.9.3 Integrators & Suppliers 509
8.9.4 Deployment Summary 509
8.10 ArcelorMittal: 5G Steel Project for the Digitization of Industries Sites 511
8.10.1 Operational Model 511
8.10.2 Spectrum Type 511
8.10.3 Integrators & Suppliers 511
8.10.4 Deployment Summary 511
8.11 ASTRID: BLM (Blue Light Mobile) Secure MVNO Service for Belgian First Responders 513
8.11.1 Operational Model 513
8.11.2 Spectrum Type 513
8.11.3 Integrators & Suppliers 513
8.11.4 Deployment Summary 513
8.12 BAM Nuttall: Accelerating Innovation at Construction Sites With Private 5G Networks 515
8.12.1 Operational Model 515
8.12.2 Spectrum Type 515
8.12.3 Integrators & Suppliers 515
8.12.4 Deployment Summary 515
8.13 BlackRock: On-Premise Private 5G Network Installation for New York Global Headquarters 517
8.13.1 Operational Model 517
8.13.2 Spectrum Type 517
8.13.3 Integrators & Suppliers 517
8.13.4 Deployment Summary 517
8.14 Brazilian Army: Leveraging Private LTE Infrastructure for National Defense Applications 518
8.14.1 Operational Model 518
8.14.2 Spectrum Type 518
8.14.3 Integrators & Suppliers 518
8.14.4 Deployment Summary 518
8.15 BT Media & Broadcast: Portable Private 5G Networks for Live Sports Broadcasting 519
8.15.1 Operational Model 519
8.15.2 Spectrum Type 519
8.15.3 Integrators & Suppliers 519
8.15.4 Deployment Summary 519
8.16 Bundeswehr (German Armed Forces): ZNV (Deployable Cellular Networks) Program 521
8.16.1 Operational Model 521
8.16.2 Spectrum Type 521
8.16.3 Integrators & Suppliers 521
8.16.4 Deployment Summary 522
8.17 China National Coal Group: Multi-Band 700 MHz & 2.6 GHz Private 5G Network for Dahaize Coal Mine 523
8.17.1 Operational Model 523
8.17.2 Spectrum Type 523
8.17.3 Integrators & Suppliers 523
8.17.4 Deployment Summary 523
8.18 City of Las Vegas: Municipal Private Wireless Network for Businesses, Government & Educational Institutions 525
8.18.1 Operational Model 525
8.18.2 Spectrum Type 525
8.18.3 Integrators & Suppliers 525
8.18.4 Deployment Summary 525
8.19 Cologne Bonn Airport: Transforming Internal Operations With Private 5G Campus Network 527
8.19.1 Operational Model 527
8.19.2 Spectrum Type 527
8.19.3 Integrators & Suppliers 527
8.19.4 Deployment Summary 527
8.20 COMAC (Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China): 5G-Connected Intelligent Aircraft Manufacturing Factories 529
8.20.1 Operational Model 529
8.20.2 Spectrum Type 529
8.20.3 Integrators & Suppliers 529
8.20.4 Deployment Summary 529
8.21 ConocoPhillips: Private LTE Network for Curtis Island LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) Facility 531
8.21.1 Operational Model 531
8.21.2 Spectrum Type 531
8.21.3 Integrators & Suppliers 531
8.21.4 Deployment Summary 531
8.22 CSG (China Southern Power Grid): Harnessing Private LTE & 5G Network Slicing for Smart Grid Operations 532
8.22.1 Operational Model 532
8.22.2 Spectrum Type 532
8.22.3 Integrators & Suppliers 532
8.22.4 Deployment Summary 532
8.23 DB (Deutsche Bahn): Digitizing & Automating Rail Operations With 5G-Based FRMCS 534
8.23.1 Operational Model 534
8.23.2 Spectrum Type 534
8.23.3 Integrators & Suppliers 534
8.23.4 Deployment Summary 534
8.24 Dongyi Group Coal Gasification Company: Hybrid Public-Private Network for Xinyan Coal Mine 536
8.24.1 Operational Model 536
8.24.2 Spectrum Type 536
8.24.3 Integrators & Suppliers 536
8.24.4 Deployment Summary 536
8.25 Dow: Modernizing Chemical Plant Maintenance With Private Cellular Networks 537
8.25.1 Operational Model 537
8.25.2 Spectrum Type 537
8.25.3 Integrators & Suppliers 537
8.25.4 Deployment Summary 537
8.26 EAN (European Aviation Network): Hybrid Satellite-A2G Network for Inflight Broadband 539
8.26.1 Operational Model 539
8.26.2 Spectrum Type 539
8.26.3 Integrators & Suppliers 539
8.26.4 Deployment Summary 539
8.27 Edesur Dominicana: Custom-Built 2.3 GHz LTE Network for Critical Grid Communications 541
8.27.1 Operational Model 541
8.27.2 Spectrum Type 541
8.27.3 Integrators & Suppliers 541
8.27.4 Deployment Summary 541
8.28 EDF: Private Mobile Networks for Enhanced Connectivity at Nuclear Power Plants & Wind Farms 542
8.28.1 Operational Model 542
8.28.2 Spectrum Type 542
8.28.3 Integrators & Suppliers 542
8.28.4 Deployment Summary 543
8.29 Enel: Global 3GPP-Based Private Wireless Communications Platform for Utility Communications 544
8.29.1 Operational Model 544
8.29.2 Spectrum Type 544
8.29.3 Integrators & Suppliers 544
8.29.4 Deployment Summary 544
8.30 ESN (Emergency Services Network): Great Britain's Critical Communications Broadband System 546
8.30.1 Operational Model 546
8.30.2 Spectrum Type 546
8.30.3 Integrators & Suppliers 546
8.30.4 Deployment Summary 547
8.31 Estonian Ministry of Defense: Private 5G Network for CR14 (Cyber Range 14) 548
8.31.1 Operational Model 548
8.31.2 Spectrum Type 548
8.31.3 Integrators & Suppliers 548
8.31.4 Deployment Summary 548
8.32 Evergy: Facilitating Grid Modernization With Private Broadband Network 549
8.32.1 Operational Model 549
8.32.2 Spectrum Type 549
8.32.3 Integrators & Suppliers 549
8.32.4 Deployment Summary 549
8.33 EWA (Electricity and Water Authority, Bahrain): 410 MHz Private LTE Network 551
8.33.1 Operational Model 551
8.33.2 Spectrum Type 551
8.33.3 Integrators & Suppliers 551
8.33.4 Deployment Summary 551
8.34 Ferrovial: Standalone Private 5G Network for the Silvertown Tunnel Project 552
8.34.1 Operational Model 552
8.34.2 Spectrum Type 552
8.34.3 Integrators & Suppliers 552
8.34.4 Deployment Summary 552
8.35 FirstNet (First Responder Network): United States' Nationwide Public Safety Broadband Network 554
8.35.1 Operational Model 554
8.35.2 Spectrum Type 554
8.35.3 Integrators & Suppliers 554
8.35.4 Deployment Summary 554
8.36 Fraport: Private 5G Campus Network for Future-Oriented Operations at Frankfurt Airport 557
8.36.1 Operational Model 557
8.36.2 Spectrum Type 557
8.36.3 Integrators & Suppliers 557
8.36.4 Deployment Summary 557
8.37 Gale South Beach Hotel: CBRS Network for Guest Engagement & Hotel Operations 559
8.37.1 Operational Model 559
8.37.2 Spectrum Type 559
8.37.3 Integrators & Suppliers 559
8.37.4 Deployment Summary 559
8.38 Gogo Business Aviation: 5G A2G Wireless Network for Inflight Connectivity 560
8.38.1 Operational Model 560
8.38.2 Spectrum Type 560
8.38.3 Integrators & Suppliers 560
8.38.4 Deployment Summary 560
8.39 Gold Fields: Enabling Surface & Underground Communications With LTE Networks 562
8.39.1 Operational Model 562
8.39.2 Spectrum Type 562
8.39.3 Integrators & Suppliers 562
8.39.4 Deployment Summary 562
8.40 Groupe ADP: 3GPP-Based Private Mobile Network for Paris Airports 564
8.40.1 Operational Model 564
8.40.2 Spectrum Type 564
8.40.3 Integrators & Suppliers 564
8.40.4 Deployment Summary 564
8.41 Heathrow Commercial Telecoms: WAMD (Wide Area Mobile Data) Network 566
8.41.1 Operational Model 566
8.41.2 Spectrum Type 566
8.41.3 Integrators & Suppliers 566
8.41.4 Deployment Summary 566
8.42 Hip Hing Engineering: Dedicated 5G Network for Kai Tak Sports Park 568
8.42.1 Operational Model 568
8.42.2 Spectrum Type 568
8.42.3 Integrators & Suppliers 568
8.42.4 Deployment Summary 568
8.43 Hiroshima Gas: Local 5G-Powered Safety Operations at Hatsukaichi LNG Terminal 569
8.43.1 Operational Model 569
8.43.2 Spectrum Type 569
8.43.3 Integrators & Suppliers 569
8.43.4 Deployment Summary 569
8.44 Hsinchu City Fire Department: Satellite-Backhauled Private 5G Network for PPDR Communications 570
8.44.1 Operational Model 570
8.44.2 Spectrum Type 570
8.44.3 Integrators & Suppliers 570
8.44.4 Deployment Summary 570
8.45 Hutchison Ports: Driving the Digitization & Automation of Ports Through Private 5G Networks 571
8.45.1 Operational Model 571
8.45.2 Spectrum Type 571
8.45.3 Integrators & Suppliers 571
8.45.4 Deployment Summary 571
8.46 iNET (Infrastructure Networks): Private 4G/5G-Ready Network for Remote Industrial Connectivity 573
8.46.1 Operational Model 573
8.46.2 Spectrum Type 573
8.46.3 Integrators & Suppliers 573
8.46.4 Deployment Summary 573
8.47 John Deere: Private Cellular Connectivity for Manufacturing Processes & Agricultural Applications 575
8.47.1 Operational Model 575
8.47.2 Spectrum Type 575
8.47.3 Integrators & Suppliers 575
8.47.4 Deployment Summary 575
8.48 KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation): Private 5G Networks for Substation Management 578
8.48.1 Operational Model 578
8.48.2 Spectrum Type 578
8.48.3 Integrators & Suppliers 578
8.48.4 Deployment Summary 578
8.49 KRNA (Korea Rail Network Authority): LTE-R (LTE-Based Railway Communications) Network 579
8.49.1 Operational Model 579
8.49.2 Spectrum Type 579
8.49.3 Integrators & Suppliers 580
8.49.4 Deployment Summary 580
8.50 Kumagai Gumi: Unleashing the Potential of Unmanned Construction Using Local 5G Networks 581
8.50.1 Operational Model 581
8.50.2 Spectrum Type 581
8.50.3 Integrators & Suppliers 581
8.50.4 Deployment Summary 581
8.51 Latvian Ministry of Defense: Camp Ādaži 5G Testbed for Defense Innovations 583
8.51.1 Operational Model 583
8.51.2 Spectrum Type 583
8.51.3 Integrators & Suppliers 583
8.51.4 Deployment Summary 583
8.52 Lishui Municipal Emergency Management: 5G-Enabled Natural Disaster Management System 584
8.52.1 Operational Model 584
8.52.2 Spectrum Type 584
8.52.3 Integrators & Suppliers 584
8.52.4 Deployment Summary 584
8.53 Lufthansa Technik: Industrial-Grade 5G Campus Network for Hamburg Engine Shops 586
8.53.1 Operational Model 586
8.53.2 Spectrum Type 586
8.53.3 Integrators & Suppliers 586
8.53.4 Deployment Summary 586
8.54 Mercedes-Benz Group: World's First 5G Network for Automotive Production 589
8.54.1 Operational Model 589
8.54.2 Spectrum Type 589
8.54.3 Integrators & Suppliers 589
8.54.4 Deployment Summary 589
8.55 Murray City School District: LTE-Based Private CBRS Network for K-12 Education 591
8.55.1 Operational Model 591
8.55.2 Spectrum Type 591
8.55.3 Integrators & Suppliers 591
8.55.4 Deployment Summary 591
8.56 Nanjing Municipal Government: 1.4 GHz Broadband GRN (Government Radio Network) 592
8.56.1 Operational Model 592
8.56.2 Spectrum Type 592
8.56.3 Integrators & Suppliers 592
8.56.4 Deployment Summary 592
8.57 NCRTC (National Capital Regional Transport Corporation): Private LTE Network for ETCS Level 2 Signaling 594
8.57.1 Operational Model 594
8.57.2 Spectrum Type 594
8.57.3 Integrators & Suppliers 594
8.57.4 Deployment Summary 594
8.58 Nedaa: Dubai's Mission-Critical LTE & 5G-Ready Network for Professional Communications 596
8.58.1 Operational Model 596
8.58.2 Spectrum Type 596
8.58.3 Integrators & Suppliers 596
8.58.4 Deployment Summary 596
8.59 Norwegian Armed Forces: Defense-Specific Network Slices & Tactical Private 5G Systems 599
8.59.1 Operational Model 599
8.59.2 Spectrum Type 599
8.59.3 Integrators & Suppliers 599
8.59.4 Deployment Summary 599
8.60 Nutrien: Private Cellular Infrastructure for Improved Safety & Productivity in Underground Potash Mines 601
8.60.1 Operational Model 601
8.60.2 Spectrum Type 601
8.60.3 Integrators & Suppliers 601
8.60.4 Deployment Summary 601
8.61 Ocado: 4G-Based Wireless Control System for Warehouse Automation 603
8.61.1 Operational Model 603
8.61.2 Spectrum Type 603
8.61.3 Integrators & Suppliers 603
8.61.4 Deployment Summary 603
8.62 Ooredoo: Purpose-Built LTE Network for Qatar's Oil & Gas Industry 605
8.62.1 Operational Model 605
8.62.2 Spectrum Type 605
8.62.3 Integrators & Suppliers 605
8.62.4 Deployment Summary 605
8.63 Ørsted: Boosting Offshore Wind Farm Safety & Efficiency With Private Cellular Networks 606
8.63.1 Operational Model 606
8.63.2 Spectrum Type 606
8.63.3 Integrators & Suppliers 606
8.63.4 Deployment Summary 606
8.64 PCK Raffinerie: Accelerating Oil Refinery Digitization With 5G Campus Network 608
8.64.1 Operational Model 608
8.64.2 Spectrum Type 608
8.64.3 Integrators & Suppliers 608
8.64.4 Deployment Summary 608
8.65 Petrobras (Petróleo Brasileiro): Private Cellular Connectivity for Offshore Platforms & Production Sites 610
8.65.1 Operational Model 610
8.65.2 Spectrum Type 610
8.65.3 Integrators & Suppliers 610
8.65.4 Deployment Summary 610
8.66 PGE Systemy: 450 MHz Mission-Critical LTE Network for Polish Electricity & Gas DSOs 612
8.66.1 Operational Model 612
8.66.2 Spectrum Type 612
8.66.3 Integrators & Suppliers 612
8.66.4 Deployment Summary 612
8.67 Porsche: Private 5G for Smart Manufacturing & Intelligent Vehicle Development 613
8.67.1 Operational Model 613
8.67.2 Spectrum Type 613
8.67.3 Integrators & Suppliers 613
8.67.4 Deployment Summary 613
8.68 Port of Tyne: Advancing Smart Port Transformation With Private 5G Network 615
8.68.1 Operational Model 615
8.68.2 Spectrum Type 615
8.68.3 Integrators & Suppliers 615
8.68.4 Deployment Summary 615
8.69 PSA International: Private 5G Connectivity for Pasir Panjang Terminal & Tuas Mega Port 617
8.69.1 Operational Model 617
8.69.2 Spectrum Type 617
8.69.3 Integrators & Suppliers 617
8.69.4 Deployment Summary 617
8.70 PTA (Public Transport Authority of Western Australia): Radio Systems Replacement Project 619
8.70.1 Operational Model 619
8.70.2 Spectrum Type 619
8.70.3 Integrators & Suppliers 619
8.70.4 Deployment Summary 619
8.71 Royal Thai Police: 800 MHz Public Safety LTE Network for Secure Communications 621
8.71.1 Operational Model 621
8.71.2 Spectrum Type 621
8.71.3 Integrators & Suppliers 621
8.71.4 Deployment Summary 621
8.72 RRF (Radio Network of the Future): France's National Mission-Critical Broadband Network 623
8.72.1 Operational Model 623
8.72.2 Spectrum Type 623
8.72.3 Integrators & Suppliers 623
8.72.4 Deployment Summary 623
8.73 Rudin Management Company: Neutral Host CBRS Network for Multi-Tenant Office Building 626
8.73.1 Operational Model 626
8.73.2 Spectrum Type 626
8.73.3 Integrators & Suppliers 626
8.73.4 Deployment Summary 626
8.74 Safe-Net: South Korea's National Disaster Safety Communications Network 627
8.74.1 Operational Model 627
8.74.2 Spectrum Type 627
8.74.3 Integrators & Suppliers 627
8.74.4 Deployment Summary 628
8.75 Santos: Wireless to the Wellhead Private LTE Project 630
8.75.1 Operational Model 630
8.75.2 Spectrum Type 630
8.75.3 Integrators & Suppliers 630
8.75.4 Deployment Summary 630
8.76 São Martinho: Private LTE & 5G Networks for Agribusiness Applications 632
8.76.1 Operational Model 632
8.76.2 Spectrum Type 632
8.76.3 Integrators & Suppliers 632
8.76.4 Deployment Summary 632
8.77 SCA (Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget): Local 5G Connectivity for Timber Terminals & Paper Mills 634
8.77.1 Operational Model 634
8.77.2 Spectrum Type 634
8.77.3 Integrators & Suppliers 634
8.77.4 Deployment Summary 634
8.78 SDG&E (San Diego Gas & Electric): pLTE (Private LTE) Network for Advanced Safety & Protection Technologies 636
8.78.1 Operational Model 636
8.78.2 Spectrum Type 636
8.78.3 Integrators & Suppliers 636
8.78.4 Deployment Summary 636
8.79 Seaboard Marine: Private Cellular Network Solution for Real-Time Cargo Vessel Monitoring 638
8.79.1 Operational Model 638
8.79.2 Spectrum Type 638
8.79.3 Integrators & Suppliers 638
8.79.4 Deployment Summary 638
8.80 SGP (Société du Grand Paris): Private LTE Network for the Grand Paris Express Rapid Transit System 639
8.80.1 Operational Model 639
8.80.2 Spectrum Type 639
8.80.3 Integrators & Suppliers 639
8.80.4 Deployment Summary 640
8.81 Shenzhen Metro: 3GPP Connectivity for Operations-Critical Railway Communications 641
8.81.1 Operational Model 641
8.81.2 Spectrum Type 641
8.81.3 Integrators & Suppliers 641
8.81.4 Deployment Summary 641
8.82 Sinopec (China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation): 5G + Smart Petrochemical Project 643
8.82.1 Operational Model 643
8.82.2 Spectrum Type 643
8.82.3 Integrators & Suppliers 643
8.82.4 Deployment Summary 643
8.83 SIRDEE: Spain's Mission-Critical Broadband Network for Public Safety Organizations 645
8.83.1 Operational Model 645
8.83.2 Spectrum Type 645
8.83.3 Integrators & Suppliers 645
8.83.4 Deployment Summary 645
8.84 SNCF (French National Railways): Enabling Rail Innovations With 5G Technology 647
8.84.1 Operational Model 647
8.84.2 Spectrum Type 647
8.84.3 Integrators & Suppliers 647
8.84.4 Deployment Summary 647
8.85 Southern Linc: CriticalLinc LTE Network for Utilities, Government & Business Customers 649
8.85.1 Operational Model 649
8.85.2 Spectrum Type 649
8.85.3 Integrators & Suppliers 649
8.85.4 Deployment Summary 649
8.86 Swedish Armed Forces: Tactical 5G Bubbles for Secure Military Communications 651
8.86.1 Operational Model 651
8.86.2 Spectrum Type 651
8.86.3 Integrators & Suppliers 651
8.86.4 Deployment Summary 651
8.87 Tampnet: Delivering Offshore Cellular Coverage Through Private 4G/5G-Ready Networks 652
8.87.1 Operational Model 652
8.87.2 Spectrum Type 652
8.87.3 Integrators & Suppliers 652
8.87.4 Deployment Summary 652
8.88 Tianjin Port Group: On-Premise 5G Infrastructure for Intelligent & Automated Port Operations 654
8.88.1 Operational Model 654
8.88.2 Spectrum Type 654
8.88.3 Integrators & Suppliers 654
8.88.4 Deployment Summary 654
8.89 TotalEnergies: 3GPP-Based PMR (Professional Mobile Radio) Network for Critical Communications 656
8.89.1 Operational Model 656
8.89.2 Spectrum Type 656
8.89.3 Integrators & Suppliers 656
8.89.4 Deployment Summary 656
8.90 Toyota Motor Corporation: Private LTE & Local 5G Networks for Industry 4.0 Applications 657
8.90.1 Operational Model 657
8.90.2 Spectrum Type 657
8.90.3 Integrators & Suppliers 657
8.90.4 Deployment Summary 657
8.91 U.S. Army: Expanding Military Communications Capabilities With 5G Technology 659
8.91.1 Operational Model 659
8.91.2 Spectrum Type 659
8.91.3 Integrators & Suppliers 659
8.91.4 Deployment Summary 659
8.92 U.S. Marine Corps: Private 5G for Smart Warehousing & Expeditionary Base Operations 661
8.92.1 Operational Model 661
8.92.2 Spectrum Type 661
8.92.3 Integrators & Suppliers 661
8.92.4 Deployment Summary 661
8.93 UKD (University Hospital of Düsseldorf): Improving Patient Care & Saving Lives With 5G Campus Network 663
8.93.1 Operational Model 663
8.93.2 Spectrum Type 663
8.93.3 Integrators & Suppliers 663
8.93.4 Deployment Summary 663
8.94 UN (United Nations): Dedicated Cellular Networks for Peacekeeping Missions 666
8.94.1 Operational Model 666
8.94.2 Spectrum Type 666
8.94.3 Integrators & Suppliers 666
8.94.4 Deployment Summary 666
8.95 Vale: Private Wireless Networks for Iron Ore Mining & Transport Operations 668
8.95.1 Operational Model 668
8.95.2 Spectrum Type 668
8.95.3 Integrators & Suppliers 668
8.95.4 Deployment Summary 668
8.96 VIRVE 2.0: Finland's Nationwide Mission-Critical Broadband Service 670
8.96.1 Operational Model 670
8.96.2 Spectrum Type 670
8.96.3 Integrators & Suppliers 670
8.96.4 Deployment Summary 671
8.97 VIT (Virginia International Terminals): Private 5G Network for Port Of Virginia Container Terminal 672
8.97.1 Operational Model 672
8.97.2 Spectrum Type 672
8.97.3 Integrators & Suppliers 672
8.97.4 Deployment Summary 672
8.98 X Shore: Empowering Electric Boat Manufacturing With Private 5G Network 673
8.98.1 Operational Model 673
8.98.2 Spectrum Type 673
8.98.3 Integrators & Suppliers 673
8.98.4 Deployment Summary 673
8.99 Xcel Energy: 900 MHz Private LTE Network for Electric & Gas Utility Operations 674
8.99.1 Operational Model 674
8.99.2 Spectrum Type 674
8.99.3 Integrators & Suppliers 674
8.99.4 Deployment Summary 674
8.100 Yumeshima Container Terminal: Local 5G Network for the Digital Transformation of Port Facilities 675
8.100.1 Operational Model 675
8.100.2 Spectrum Type 675
8.100.3 Integrators & Suppliers 675
8.100.4 Deployment Summary 675

9 Chapter 9: Key Ecosystem Players 677
9.1 10T Tech 677
9.2 1NCE 678
9.3 1oT 679
9.4 3D-P (Epiroc) 680
9.5 450connect 681
9.6 4K Solutions 682
9.7 4RF 683
9.8 6Harmonics/6WiLInk 684
9.9 6WIND 685
9.10 7P (Seven Principles) 686
9.11 A Beep/Diga-Talk+ 687
9.12 A1 Telekom Austria Group 688
9.13 A10 Networks 689
9.14 A5G Networks 690
9.15 AAEON Technology (ASUS – ASUSTeK Computer) 691
9.16 Aarna Networks 692
9.17 ABB 693
9.18 ABEL Mobilfunk 694
9.19 ABiT Corporation 695
9.20 ABS 696
9.21 Abside Networks 697
9.22 Accedian 698
9.23 AccelerComm 699
9.24 Accelink Technologies 700
9.25 Accelleran 701
9.26 Accenture 702
9.27 Access Spectrum 703
9.28 Accton Technology Corporation 704
9.29 Accuver (InnoWireless) 705
9.30 ACE Technologies 706
9.31 AceAxis 707
9.32 AceTel (Ace Solutions) 708
9.33 Achronix Semiconductor Corporation 709
9.34 ACOME 710
9.35 Actelis Networks 711
9.36 Action Technologies (Shenzhen Action Technologies) 712
9.37 Actiontec Electronics 713
9.38 Active911 714
9.39 Actus Networks 715
9.40 Adax 716
9.41 Adcor Magnet Systems 717
9.42 ADI (Analog Devices, Inc.) 718
9.43 ADLINK Technology 719
9.44 ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies) 720
9.45 ADT 721
9.46 Adtran 722
9.47 ADVA 723
9.48 Advanced Energy Industries 724
9.49 AdvanceTec Industries 725
9.50 Advantech 726
9.51 Advantech Wireless Technologies (Baylin Technologies) 727
9.52 Aegex Technologies 728
9.53 Aerial Applications 729
9.54 Aeris 730
9.55 Aerostar International 731
9.56 Aethertek 732
9.57 Affarii Technologies 733
9.58 Affirmed Networks (Microsoft Corporation) 734
9.59 AFL Global 735
9.60 AFRY 736
9.61 Agile (Agile Interoperable Solutions) 737
9.62 AGIS (Advanced Ground Information Systems) 738
9.63 AGM Mobile 739
9.64 AH NET (MVM NET) 740
9.65 AI-LINK 741
9.66 AINA Wireless 742
9.67 Airbus/SLC (Secure Land Communications) 743
9.68 Airfide Networks 745
9.69 Airgain 746
9.70 AirHop Communications 747
9.71 Airlinq 748
9.72 Airspan Networks 749
9.73 Airtower Networks 750
9.74 Airwavz Solutions 751
9.75 AIS (Advanced Info Service) 752
9.76 AiVader 753
9.77 Akamai Technologies 754
9.78 Akoustis Technologies 755
9.79 Alaxala Networks Corporation (Fortinet) 756
9.80 ALBEDO Telecom 757
9.81 albis-elcon (UET – United Electronic Technology) 758
9.82 Alcadis 759
9.83 Alea (Leonardo) 760
9.84 Alef (Alef Edge) 761
9.85 Alepo 762
9.86 Alibaba Group 763
9.87 Aliniant 764
9.88 Allbesmart 765
9.89 Allen Vanguard Wireless 766
9.90 Allerio 767
9.91 Allied Telesis 768
9.92 Allot 769
9.93 Alpha Networks 770
9.94 Alpha Wireless 771
9.95 Alsatis Réseaux 772
9.96 Alstom 773
9.97 Altaeros 774
9.98 Altair Semiconductor (Sony Semiconductor Israel) 775
9.99 ALTÁN Redes 776
9.100 Altice Group 777
9.101 Altiostar (Rakuten Symphony) 778
9.102 ALVIS (Argentina) 779
9.103 AM Telecom 780
9.104 Amantya Technologies 781
9.105 Amarisoft 782
9.106 Amazon/AWS (Amazon Web Services) 783
9.107 Ambra Solutions-ECOTEL 784
9.108 AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) 785
9.109 Amdocs 786
9.110 América Móvil 787
9.111 American Tower Corporation 788
9.112 AMI (American Megatrends International) 789
9.113 AMIT Wireless 790
9.114 Ampere Computing 791
9.115 Amphenol Corporation 792
9.116 Ampleon 793
9.117 Amtele Communication 794
9.118 Andesat 795
9.119 ANDRO Computational Solutions 796
9.120 Anktion (Fujian) Technology 797
9.121 Anokiwave 798
9.122 Anritsu 799
9.123 ANS – Advanced Network Services (Charge Enterprises) 800
9.124 Antenna Company 801
9.125 Anterix 802
9.126 Antna Antenna Technology 803
9.127 Aorotech 804
9.128 Apple 805
9.129 APRESIA Systems 806
9.130 APSTAR (APT Satellite Company) 807
9.131 APT (Asia Pacific Telecom) 808
9.132 aql 809
9.133 Aquila (Suzhou Aquila Solutions) 810
9.134 Aqura Technologies (Telstra Purple) 811
9.135 Arabsat 812
9.136 Arcadyan Technology Corporation (Compal Electronics) 813
9.137 Archos 814
9.138 Arete M 815
9.139 Argela 816
9.140 ArgoNET 817
9.141 Aria Networks 818
9.142 Arista Networks 819
9.143 Arkessa (Wireless Logic Group) 820
9.144 Arm 821
9.145 Armour Communications 822
9.146 Arqit Quantum 823
9.147 ArrayComm (Chengdu ArrayComm Wireless Technologies) 824
9.148 Arrcus 825
9.149 Artemis Networks 826
9.150 Artiza Networks 827
9.151 Aruba (HPE – Hewlett Packard Enterprise) 828
9.152 Arukona 829
9.153 Asavie 830
9.154 ASELSAN 831
9.155 AsiaInfo Technologies 832
9.156 AsiaSat (Asia Satellite Telecommunications Company) 833
9.157 Askey Computer Corporation (ASUS – ASUSTeK Computer) 834
9.158 ASOCS 835
9.159 Aspire Technology (NEC Corporation) 836
9.160 ASR Microelectronics 837
9.161 Assured Wireless Corporation (Nextivity) 838
9.162 AST SpaceMobile 839
9.163 ASTELLA (Astella Technologies) 840
9.164 ASTRI (Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute) 841
9.165 ASUS (ASUSTeK Computer) 842
9.166 Asylon 843
9.167 AT&T 844
9.168 ATDI 845
9.169 ATEL (Asiatelco Technologies) 846
9.170 Atel Antennas 847
9.171 Atesio 848
9.172 Athonet (HPE – Hewlett Packard Enterprise) 849
9.173 ATL – A Test Lab (Eurofins E&E – Electrical and Electronics) 850
9.174 Atlas Telecom 851
9.175 ATN International 852
9.176 Atos 853
9.177 Atrinet 854
9.178 Attabotics 855
9.179 AttoCore 856
9.180 Auden Techno 857
9.181 Auray Technology (Auden Techno) 858
9.182 Aurora Insight 859
9.183 Avanti Communications 860
9.184 Avari Wireless 861
9.185 AVI 862
9.186 Aviat Networks 863
9.187 Avidyne Corporation 865
9.188 AVIWEST (Haivision) 866
9.189 AVM 867
9.190 AW2S – Advanced Wireless Solutions and Services (SERMA Group) 868
9.191 AWTG 869
9.192 Axell Wireless 870
9.193 AXESS Networks (HISPASAT) 871
9.194 Axians (VINCI Energies) 872
9.195 Axiata Group 873
9.196 Axione 874
9.197 Axis Communications 875
9.198 Axon 876
9.199 Axtel 877
9.200 Axxcelera Broadband Wireless (Axxcss Wireless Solutions) 878
9.201 Axxcss Wireless Solutions 879
9.202 Azcom Technology 880
9.203 Azetti Networks 881
9.204 B+B SmartWorx (Advantech) 882
9.205 BAE Systems 883
9.206 BAI Communications/Boldyn Networks 884
9.207 Baicells 885
9.208 Ball Aerospace 886
9.209 Ballast Networks 887
9.210 BandRich 888
9.211 BandwidthX 889
9.212 Barrett Communications (Motorola Solutions) 890
9.213 BATS Wireless (Broadband Antenna Tracking Systems) 891
9.214 BAYFU (Bayerische Funknetz) 892
9.215 Baylin Technologies 893
9.216 BBB (BB Backbone Corporation) 894
9.217 BBK Electronics 895
9.218 BCDVideo 896
9.219 Beam Semiconductor 897
9.220 Beamlink 898
9.221 BearCom 899
9.222 BEC Technologies 900
9.223 becon 901
9.224 Beeper Communications 902
9.225 Beijer Electronics Group 903
9.226 Belden 904
9.227 BelFone 905
9.228 Bell Canada 906
9.229 Bellantenna 907
9.230 Benetel 908
9.231 BesoVideo 909
9.232 Betacom 910
9.233 Bharti Airtel 911
9.234 BHE (Bonn Hungary Electronics) 912
9.235 BICS (Proximus) 913
9.236 Billion Electric 914
9.237 BinnenBereik (NOVEC) 915
9.238 Bird Technologies 916
9.239 BISDN (Berlin Institute for Software Defined Networks) 917
9.240 Bittium 918
9.241 BK Technologies 919
9.242 Black & Veatch 920
9.243 Black Box 921
9.244 BlackBerry 922
9.245 Blackned 923
9.246 BLiNQ Networks (CCI – Communication Components Inc.) 924
9.247 Blu Wireless 925
9.248 Blue Arcus Technologies 926
9.249 Blue Danube Systems (NEC Corporation) 927
9.250 Blue Wireless 928
9.251 Bluebird 929
9.252 Blueforce Development Corporation 930
9.253 BLUnet Schweiz (Axpo WZ-Systems) 931
9.254 Boeing/Aurora Flight Sciences 932
9.255 Boelink (Shanghai Boelink Communication Technology) 933
9.256 Boingo Wireless (DigitalBridge Group) 934
9.257 Bombardier 935
9.258 Booz Allen Hamilton 936
9.259 Boston Dynamics 937
9.260 Bouygues Telecom 938
9.261 Boxchip 939
9.262 Branch Communications 940
9.263 BravoCom 941
9.264 Bredengen 942
9.265 Broadcom 943
9.266 BroadForward 944
9.267 Broadmobi – Shanghai Broadmobi Communication Technology (Wutong Group) 945
9.268 Broadpeak 946
9.269 Broadtech 947
9.270 BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited) 948
9.271 BT Group 949
9.272 BTI Wireless 950
9.273 Bullitt Mobile 951
9.274 Bumicom Telecommunicatie 952
9.275 Bureau Veritas/7Layers 953
9.276 BVSystems (Berkeley Varitronics Systems) 954
9.277 BWT (BlueWaveTel) 955
9.278 BYD 956
9.279 B-Yond 957
9.280 C Spire 958
9.281 C Squared Systems 959
9.282 CableFree (Wireless Excellence) 960
9.283 CableLabs 961
9.284 CACI International/LGS Innovations 962
9.285 Cadence Design Systems 964
9.286 CalAmp 965
9.287 CalChip Connect 966
9.288 Caliber Public Safety 967
9.289 Calix 968
9.290 Calnex Solutions 969
9.291 Caltta Technologies 970
9.292 Cambium Networks 972
9.293 Cambridge Consultants (Capgemini Invent) 973
9.294 CampusGenius 974
9.295 Canoga Perkins 975
9.296 Canonical 976
9.297 Capgemini Engineering 977
9.298 CapX Nederland 978
9.299 Carbyne 979
9.300 Carlson Wireless Technologies 980
9.301 Casa Systems 981
9.302 CASIC (China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation) 982
9.303 Casio Computer Company 983
9.304 Castor Marine 984
9.305 Catalyst Communications Technologies 985
9.306 Cavli Wireless 986
9.307 CBNG (Cambridge Broadband Networks Group) 987
9.308 CCI (Communication Components Inc.) 988
9.309 CCN (Cirrus Core Networks) 989
9.310 CCww (Communications Consultants Worldwide) 990
9.311 Cegeka 991
9.312 CeLa Link Corporation 992
9.313 Celfinet (Cyient) 993
9.314 CellAntenna Corporation 994
9.315 Cellcomm Solutions 995
9.316 Cellient 996
9.317 Celling 5G 997
9.318 CellMax Technologies (Rosenberger) 998
9.319 Cellnex Telecom 999
9.320 CellOnyx 1000
9.321 Cellwize (Qualcomm) 1001
9.322 cellXica 1002
9.323 cellXion 1003
9.324 Celona 1004
9.325 CelPlan Technologies 1005
9.326 Centerline Communications 1006
9.327 CENTRA Technology 1007
9.328 CentralSquare Technologies 1008
9.329 Ceragon Networks 1009
9.330 Cerillion 1010
9.331 CertusNet 1011
9.332 CETC (China Electronics Technology Group Corporation) 1012
9.333 CEVA 1013
9.334 CGI 1014
9.335 Challenge Networks (Vocus) 1015
9.336 Charter Communications 1016
9.337 Cheerzing (Xiamen Cheerzing IoT Technology) 1017
9.338 Chelton 1018
9.339 Chemring Technology Solutions 1019
9.340 Chengdu NTS 1020
9.341 China All Access 1021
9.342 China Mobile 1022
9.343 China Satcom (China Satellite Communications) 1023
9.344 China Telecom 1024
9.345 China Unicom 1025
9.346 Chunghwa Telecom 1026
9.347 Cibicom 1027
9.348 CICT – China Information and Communication Technology Group (China Xinke Group) 1028
9.349 Ciena Corporation 1030
9.350 CIG (Cambridge Industries Group) 1031
9.351 CIO (Connected IO) 1032
9.352 Cirpack 1033
9.353 Cisco Systems 1034
9.354 Citymesh (Cegeka/DIGI Communications) 1035
9.355 CitySwitch 1036
9.356 CKH IOD (CK Hutchison) 1037
9.357 Clavister 1038
9.358 Clever Logic 1039
9.359 CloudMinds 1040
9.360 CMIoT (China Mobile IoT) 1041
9.361 Cobham 1042
9.362 COCUS 1043
9.363 Codan Communications 1044
9.364 Codium Networks 1045
9.365 Cogisys 1046
9.366 Cognizant 1047
9.367 Cohere Technologies 1048
9.368 Coherent Logix 1049
9.369 Coiler Corporation 1050
9.370 Collinear Networks (EOS – Electro Optic Systems) 1051
9.371 Collins Aerospace (Raytheon Technologies Corporation) 1052
9.372 Colt Technology Services 1053
9.373 Com4 (Wireless Logic Group) 1054
9.374 Comander (ANDRA) 1055
9.375 Comarch 1056
9.376 Comba Telecom 1057
9.377 Combain Mobile 1058
9.378 Comcast Corporation 1059
9.379 Comcores 1060
9.380 Comfone 1061
9.381 COMLAB 1062
9.382 CommAgility (E-Space) 1063
9.383 CommandWear Systems 1064
9.384 Commnet Wireless (ATN International) 1065
9.385 Comms365 1066
9.386 CommScope 1067
9.387 Compal Electronics 1068
9.388 Comprod 1069
9.389 Comptek Technologies (Aero Wireless Group) 1070
9.390 Comrod Communication Group 1071
9.391 COMSovereign 1072
9.392 Comtech Telecommunications Corporation 1074
9.393 Comtest Wireless 1075
9.394 Comtrend Corporation 1076
9.395 Comviva (Tech Mahindra) 1077
9.396 CONET Technologies 1078
9.397 CONEXIO Corporation 1079
9.398 CONGIV (ROBUR Industry Service Group) 1080
9.399 Connect Tech 1081
9.400 Connect44 Group 1082
9.401 Connectivity Wireless Solutions (M/C Partners) 1083
9.402 Contela 1084
9.403 Continual 1085
9.404 Coolpad 1086
9.405 CopaSAT 1087
9.406 coreNOC 1088
9.407 Cornerstone (CTIL) 1089
9.408 Cornet Technology 1090
9.409 Corning 1091
9.410 Cortina Access 1092
9.411 Cosemi Technologies 1093
9.412 COSMOTE (OTE Group) 1094
9.413 Council Rock 1095
9.414 Coweaver 1096
9.415 Cox Communications 1097
9.416 Cradlepoint (Ericsson) 1098
9.417 Creanord 1099
9.418 CrisisGo 1100
9.419 CROSSCALL 1101
9.420 Crown Castle International Corporation 1102
9.421 CRSC (China Railway Signal & Communication Corporation)/CASCO Signal 1103
9.422 CS Corporation 1104
9.423 CSG Systems International 1105
9.424 CTG (Celestia Technologies Group) 1106
9.425 CTS (Communication Technology Services) 1107
9.426 CTS Corporation 1108
9.427 Cubic Corporation 1109
9.428 Cubic Telecom 1110
9.429 Cumucore 1111
9.430 Custom MMIC 1112
9.431 CybertelBridge 1113
9.432 Cyient 1114
9.433 Cyrus Technology 1115
9.434 D2 Technologies 1116
9.435 DAEL Group 1117
9.436 Daeyoun System Company 1118
9.437 Dahua Technology 1119
9.438 Dali Wireless 1120
9.439 DAMM Cellular Systems 1121
9.440 DATACOM 1122
9.441 DataSoft 1123
9.442 DBcom 1124
9.443 DeepSig 1125
9.444 Dejero Labs 1126
9.445 DEKRA 1127
9.446 Dell Technologies 1128
9.447 Delta Electronics 1129
9.448 DENGYO (Nihon Dengyo Kosaku) 1130
9.449 Dense Air (SIP – Sidewalk Infrastructure Partners) 1131
9.450 DGS (Digital Global Systems) 1132
9.451 Dialogic 1133
9.452 Diamond Communications 1134
9.453 Digi International 1135
9.454 Digicert 1136
9.455 Digita (DigitalBridge Group) 1137
9.456 Digital Ally 1138
9.457 Digital Enhancement 1139
9.458 DigitalBridge Group 1140
9.459 DigitalRoute 1141
9.460 Digitata 1142
9.461 DigitGate (Nanjing DigitGate Communication Technology) 1143
9.462 Dimetor 1144
9.463 DISH Network Corporation 1145
9.464 DKK (Denki Kogyo) 1146
9.465 D-Link Corporation 1147
9.466 DMI 1148
9.467 Doogee 1149
9.468 Doosan Corporation 1150
9.469 DragonWave-X (COMSovereign) 1151
9.470 Drakontas 1152
9.471 DriveNets 1153
9.472 Drone Aviation (COMSovereign) 1154
9.473 DroneSense 1155
9.474 Druid Software 1156
9.475 DSBJ (Suzhou Dongshan Precision Manufacturing) 1157
9.476 DT (Deutsche Telekom) 1158
9.477 DTAC (Total Access Communication) 1159
9.478 du (EITC – Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company) 1160
9.479 Duons 1161
9.480 Durabook (Twinhead International Corporation) 1162
9.481 Duubee 1163
9.482 DZS 1164
9.483 Eahison Communication 1165
9.484 EANTC 1166
9.485 Eastcom (Eastern Communications) 1167
9.486 Easycom (Shenzhen Easycom Electronics) 1168
9.487 E-Band Communications (Axxcss Wireless Solutions) 1169
9.488 e-BO Enterprises 1170
9.489 ECE (European Communications Engineering) 1171
9.490 EchoStar Corporation 1172
9.491 Ecom Instruments (Pepperl+Fuchs) 1173
9.492 Ecrio 1174
9.493 Edgecore Networks (Accton Technology Corporation) 1175
9.494 EdgeQ 1176
9.495 Edgybees 1177
9.496 edotco Group (Axiata Group) 1178
9.497 EDX Wireless 1179
9.498 Edzcom (Cellnex Telecom) 1180
9.499 Effnet 1181
9.500 Eigencomm 1182
9.501 eino 1183
9.502 EION Wireless 1184
9.503 Eir (Eircom) 1185
9.504 Ekinops 1186
9.505 Elbit Systems 1187
9.506 Elefante Group 1188
9.507 E-Lins Technology 1189
9.508 Elisa 1190
9.509 Elisa Polystar 1191
9.510 Elistair 1192
9.511 Elsight 1193
9.512 Elta Systems (IAI – Israel Aerospace Industries) 1194
9.513 Eltex 1195
9.514 ELUON Corporation 1196
9.515 ELVA-1 1197
9.516 Emblasoft 1198
9.517 Embraer 1199
9.518 Embratel 1200
9.519 Emerson 1201
9.520 EMnify 1202
9.521 EMS (Electronic Media Services) 1203
9.522 Encore Networks 1204
9.523 Endress+Hauser 1205
9.524 Enea 1206
9.525 ENENSYS Technologies 1207
9.526 Energizer Mobile (Avenir Telecom) 1208
9.527 EnerSys 1209
9.528 Entropia 1210
9.529 Entropy Solution 1211
9.530 Eoptolink Technology 1212
9.531 Epiroc 1213
9.532 Equiendo 1214
9.533 Eravant (SAGE Millimeter) 1215
9.534 Ericsson 1216
9.535 Errigal 1218
9.536 Eseye 1219
9.537 Esharah Etisalat Security Solutions 1220
9.538 E-Space 1221
9.539 Estalky (K-Mobile Technology) 1222
9.540 ETELM 1223
9.541 eTera (Sinotech R&D Group) 1224
9.542 Ethernity Networks 1225
9.543 Etherstack 1226
9.544 Etisalat Group (e&) 1227
9.545 ETRI (Electronics & Telecommunications Research Institute, South Korea) 1228
9.546 Etteplan 1229
9.547 EUCAST 1230
9.548 Eurofins E&E (Electrical and Electronics) 1231
9.549 Eurotech 1232
9.550 Eutelsat Communications 1233
9.551 Eventide Communications 1234
9.552 Exacom 1235
9.553 Exaware 1236
9.554 Excelerate Technology 1237
9.555 EXFO 1238
9.556 Exium 1239
9.557 Expandium 1240
9.558 Expeto 1241
9.559 ExteNet Systems (DigitalBridge Group) 1242
9.560 Extreme Networks 1243
9.561 EY (Ernst & Young) 1244
9.562 Eyecom Telecommunications Group 1245
9.563 EZcon Network 1246
9.564 F2G (Far-Together) Solutions 1247
9.565 F5 1248
9.566 Fairspectrum 1249
9.567 Fairwaves 1250
9.568 Faraday Technology Corporation 1251
9.569 Fastback Networks (COMSovereign) 1252
9.570 FCNT (Fujitsu Connected Technologies)-JEMS (Japan EM Solutions) 1253
9.571 Federal Engineering 1254
9.572 Federated Wireless 1255
9.573 Fenix Group 1256
9.574 Festo 1257
9.575 FET (Far EasTone Telecommunications) 1258
9.576 FIBERSTAMP 1259
9.577 Fibocom 1260
9.578 Fibrolan 1261
9.579 Filtronic 1262
9.580 Fingu (Wuhan Fingu Electronic Technology) 1263
9.581 Fiplex Communications (Honeywell International) 1264
9.582 Firecell 1265
9.583 Fivecomm 1266
9.584 Flash Networks 1267
9.585 Flash Private Mobile Networks 1268
9.586 Fleet Complete 1269
9.587 Flex 1270
9.588 Flex Logix Technologies 1271
9.589 Flightcell International 1272
9.590 FLIR Systems 1273
9.591 floLIVE 1274
9.592 Flymotion 1275
9.593 FMBE (FMB Engineering) 1276
9.594 Forsk 1277
9.595 Fortinet 1278
9.596 Fortress Solutions 1279
9.597 Four-Faith Communication Technology 1280
9.598 Foxconn (Hon Hai Technology Group) 1281
9.599 Franklin Wireless 1282
9.600 Fraunhofer FOKUS (Institute for Open Communication Systems) 1283
9.601 Fraunhofer HHI (Heinrich Hertz Institute) 1284
9.602 Fraunhofer IIS (Institute for Integrated Circuits) 1285
9.603 Fraunhofer IPT (Institute for Production Technology) 1286
9.604 FreedomFi 1287
9.605 Freeeway 1288
9.606 Frequentis 1289
9.607 Freshwave Group (DigitalBridge Group) 1290
9.608 Frog Cellsat 1291
9.609 FRTek 1292
9.610 FSG (Field Solutions Group) 1293
9.611 FTS – Formula Telecom Solutions (Magic Software Group) 1294
9.612 Fujikura 1295
9.613 Fujitsu 1296
9.614 Funk-Electronic Piciorgros 1297
9.615 Funkwerk 1298
9.616 Furukawa Electric 1299
9.617 Furuno Electric 1300
9.618 Future Technologies Venture 1301
9.619 G REIGNS (HTC Corporation) 1302
9.620 G+D (Giesecke+Devrient) 1303
9.621 G3 Global 1304
9.622 Galtronics (Baylin Technologies) 1305
9.623 Gamma Nu 1306
9.624 Gapwaves 1307
9.625 Garderos 1308
9.626 Gazprom Space Systems 1309
9.627 GCT Semiconductor 1310
9.628 GD (General Devices) 1311
9.629 GE (General Electric) 1312
9.630 Gemtek Technology 1313
9.631 General Dynamics 1314
9.632 Genesis Group 1315
9.633 GENEViSiO (QNAP Systems) 1316
9.634 Genew Technologies 1317
9.635 Genmix Technology 1318
9.636 GenXComm 1319
9.637 Geotab 1320
9.638 GeoTraq 1321
9.639 Getac Technology Corporation 1322
9.640 Gewei (Wuhan Gewei Electronic Technology) 1323
9.641 GF (GlobalFoundries) 1324
9.642 GIGABYTE Technology 1325
9.643 Gigalane 1326
9.644 GIGALIGHT 1327
9.645 Gigamon 1328
9.646 GigaTera Communications (KMW) 1329
9.647 GigSky 1330
9.648 Gilat Satellite Networks 1331
9.649 GL Communications 1332
9.650 Global Telecom 1333
9.651 Globalgig 1334
9.652 Globalstar 1335
9.653 Globe Telecom 1336
9.654 GNConnect (Greenet) 1337
9.655 Gogo Business Aviation 1338
9.656 Goodman Telecom Services 1339
9.657 Goodmill Systems 1340
9.658 Google (Alphabet) 1341
9.659 Goosetown Communications 1342
9.660 Gore (W. L. Gore & Associates) 1343
9.661 GosuncnWelink Technology (Gosuncn Group) 1344
9.662 Granite Telecommunications 1345
9.663 Grape One (Sumitomo Corporation) 1346
9.664 Green Communications 1347
9.665 Green Packet 1348
9.666 GreenPalm (Hangzhou GreenPalm Technology) 1349
9.667 GrenTech 1350
9.668 GridGears 1351
9.669 Groundhog Technologies 1352
9.670 GroupTalk 1353
9.671 GS Lab (Great Software Laboratory) 1354
9.672 GSI (GS Instech)/GST (GS Teletech) 1355
9.673 Guavus (Thales) 1356
9.674 Guerrilla RF 1357
9.675 HAAS Alert 1358
9.676 Haier 1359
9.677 Haivision 1360
9.678 Halys 1361
9.679 Hancom MDS 1362
9.680 Handheld Group 1363
9.681 Handsfree Group 1364
9.682 Hansen Technologies 1365
9.683 Hanswell 1366
9.684 Hanwha Techwin 1367
9.685 HAPSMobile 1368
9.686 Harbor Max 1369
9.687 HARMAN DTS (Digital Transformation Solutions) 1370
9.688 HARTING 1371
9.689 Harvilon (Shenzhen Harvilon Technology) 1372
9.690 Hawk Networks (Althea) 1373
9.691 Haystax Technology (Fishtech Group/Cyderes) 1374
9.692 HBFEC (Hebei Far East Communication System Engineering) 1375
9.693 HCL Technologies 1376
9.694 Helios (Fujian Helios Technologies) 1377
9.695 Hengxin (Jiangsu Hengxin Technology) 1378
9.696 Henkel 1379
9.697 Herystorm (Guangzhou Herystorm Technology) 1380
9.698 Hexagon 1381
9.699 Hexagon Communication (Suzhou Hexagon Communication Technologies) 1382
9.700 HFCL 1383
9.701 HFR Networks 1384
9.702 HG Genuine (HGTECH – Huagong Technology) 1385
9.703 Highstreet Technologies 1386
9.704 Hikvision (Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology) 1387
9.705 Hilinks Technology 1388
9.706 HipLink Software 1389
9.707 Hisense 1390
9.708 HiSilicon Technologies (Huawei) 1391
9.709 HISPASAT 1392
9.710 Hitachi 1393
9.711 HKT (PCCW) 1394
9.712 HKTech (Howking Tech) 1395
9.713 HLS (HARD-LINE Solutions) 1396
9.714 HMD Global 1397
9.715 HMF (Hytera Mobilfunk) 1398
9.716 HMS Networks 1399
9.717 Hoimyung ICT 1400
9.718 Hologram 1401
9.719 Honeywell International 1402
9.720 Hongdian Corporation 1403
9.721 HONOR 1404
9.722 Hoverfly Technologies 1405
9.723 HP 1406
9.724 HPE (Hewlett Packard Enterprise) 1407
9.725 HQT (Shenzhen HQT Science and Technology) 1408
9.726 HSC (Hughes Systique Corporation) 1409
9.727 HTC Corporation 1410
9.728 Huahuan (Beijing Huahuan Electronics) 1411
9.729 Huaptec 1412
9.730 Huawei 1413
9.731 HUBER+SUHNER 1415
9.732 HUCOM Wireless 1416
9.733 Hughes Network Systems (EchoStar Corporation) 1417
9.734 HXI (Renaissance Electronics & Communications) 1418
9.735 Hypha (Wireless Innovation) 1419
9.736 Hytec Inter 1420
9.737 Hytera Communications 1421
9.738 i.safe MOBILE 1423
9.739 i2i Systems 1424
9.740 iBASIS (Tofane Global) 1425
9.741 IBM 1426
9.742 IBO Technology Company 1427
9.743 iBwave Solutions 1428
9.744 iCana (Foxconn – Hon Hai Technology Group) 1429
9.745 Ice Norway (Lyse) 1430
9.746 Icom 1431
9.747 Iconec 1432
9.748 iConNext 1433
9.749 iDAQS 1434
9.750 IDEMIA 1435
9.751 IDY Corporation 1436
9.752 IFLY Electronics 1437
9.753 ifm 1438
9.754 IIJ (Internet Initiative Japan) 1439
9.755 II-VI 1440
9.756 IM Technology 1441
9.757 Imec 1442
9.758 IMPTT 1443
9.759 InCoax Networks 1444
9.760 Indra 1445
9.761 iNET (Infrastructure Networks) 1446
9.762 INEX Microtechnology 1447
9.763 Infineon Technologies 1448
9.764 Infinera 1449
9.765 InfiNet Wireless 1450
9.766 Infinite Electronics 1451
9.767 Infomark Corporation 1452
9.768 Infosys 1453
9.769 Infovista 1454
9.770 InHand Networks 1455
9.771 Inmanta 1456
9.772 Inmarsat 1457
9.773 Innertron 1458
9.774 InnoGence Technology (TROY Information) 1459
9.775 InnoLight Technology 1460
9.776 Innonet 1461
9.777 Innovile 1462
9.778 InnoWireless 1463
9.779 Inrico Technologies 1464
9.780 Inseego Corporation 1465
9.781 Inspur 1466
9.782 Insta Group 1467
9.783 Instant Connect 1468
9.784 INSYS icom (INSYS Microelectronics) 1469
9.785 Intec E&C 1470
9.786 Intel Corporation 1471
9.787 Intelbras 1472
9.788 Intelliport Solutions 1473
9.789 Intelsat 1474
9.790 Intenna Systems 1475
9.791 InterDigital 1476
9.792 INTERLEV 1477
9.793 Interop Technologies 1478
9.794 InterTalk Critical Information Systems 1479
9.795 Intracom Telecom 1480
9.796 Intrado Corporation 1481
9.797 Intrepid Networks 1482
9.798 Inventec Corporation 1483
9.799 INWIT (Infrastrutture Wireless Italiane) 1484
9.800 IoT4Net 1485
9.801 IoTAS (IoT & Approval Solutions) 1486
9.802 IP Infusion (ACCESS CO.) 1487
9.803 IPAGEON 1488
9.804 IPITEK (Integrated Photonics Technology) 1489
9.805 IPLOOK Technologies 1490
9.806 iPosi 1491
9.807 Iradio Electronics 1492
9.808 Iridium Communications 1493
9.809 ISCO International 1494
9.810 IS-Wireless 1495
9.811 Italtel 1496
9.812 ITCEN 1497
9.813 ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan) 1498
9.814 Itron 1499
9.815 IWT (Innovative Wireless Technologies) 1500
9.816 Jabil 1501
9.817 JACS Solutions 1502
9.818 JATONTEC (Jaton Technology) 1503
9.819 JCI (Japan Communications Inc.) 1504
9.820 JET Connectivity 1505
9.821 Jezetek (Sichuan Jiuzhou Electric Group) 1506
9.822 Jiaxun Feihong (Beijing Jiaxun Feihong Electrical) 1507
9.823 Jinan USR IoT Technology (Mokuai/Wenheng) 1508
9.824 JIT (JI Technology) 1509
9.825 JMA Wireless 1510
9.826 Johnson Controls 1511
9.827 JOUAV 1512
9.828 JPC Connectivity 1513
9.829 JPS Interoperability Solutions 1514
9.830 JQL Technologies 1515
9.831 JRC (Japan Radio Company) 1516
9.832 JSC Ingenium 1518
9.833 JT IoT 1519
9.834 Juniper Networks 1520
9.835 Junkosha 1521
9.836 Juvare 1522
9.837 JVCKENWOOD Corporation 1523
9.838 Kacific Broadband Satellites 1524
9.839 Kaelus 1525
9.840 Kaifa (Shenzen Kaifa Technology) 1526
9.841 Kajeet 1527
9.842 Kalmar (Cargotec) 1528
9.843 Kaloom 1529
9.844 Kalray 1530
9.845 Katela Networks 1531
9.846 KBR 1532
9.847 KBT (Kenbotong Technology) 1533
9.848 KDDI Corporation 1534
9.849 Key Bridge Wireless 1535
9.850 Keysight Technologies 1536
9.851 Kiana Analytics 1537
9.852 Kigen 1538
9.853 Kindroid – Shanghai Jinzhuo Technology (Kyland Technology) 1539
9.854 Kirisun Communications 1540
9.855 Kisan Telecom 1541
9.856 KLA Laboratories 1542
9.857 Klas Telecom 1543
9.858 Klein Electronics 1544
9.859 Kleos 1545
9.860 KMW 1546
9.861 Knightscope 1547
9.862 Komatsu 1548
9.863 Konecranes 1549
9.864 Kontron 1550
9.865 KORE Wireless 1551
9.866 KPN 1552
9.867 KT Corporation 1553
9.868 Kudelski Group 1554
9.869 KUKA 1555
9.870 Kumu Networks 1556
9.871 K-Won/Hunter Technology 1557
9.872 Kyland Technology 1558
9.873 Kymeta Corporation 1559
9.874 Kyndryl 1560
9.875 Kyocera Corporation 1561
9.876 Kyrio (CableLabs) 1562
9.877 KZ TECH (KZ Broadband Technologies) 1563
9.878 L3Harris Technologies 1564
9.879 Laird Connectivity 1565
9.880 Landis+Gyr 1566
9.881 Landmark Dividend (DigitalBridge Group) 1567
9.882 Lanner Electronics 1568
9.883 Lantronix 1569
9.884 Lattice Semiconductor 1570
9.885 LCR Embedded Systems 1571
9.886 Leenos Corporation 1572
9.887 Leidos 1573
9.888 Lekha Wireless Solutions 1574
9.889 Lemko Corporation 1575
9.890 Lenovo 1576
9.891 Leonardo 1577
9.892 Lextrum (COMSovereign) 1578
9.893 LG Corporation 1579
9.894 LG Uplus 1580
9.895 Lierda Science & Technology Group 1581
9.896 Lifecycle Software 1582
9.897 Ligado Networks 1583
9.898 Lightron 1584
9.899 Lime Microsystems 1585
9.900 Lindsay Broadband 1586
9.901 Linkem 1587
9.902 Linksys 1588
9.903 Linx Technologies 1589
9.904 LIONS Technology 1590
9.905 Lisheng Fujian Communications 1591
9.906 LITE-ON Technology Corporation 1592
9.907 LitePoint (Teradyne) 1593
9.908 LiveU 1594
9.909 Lociva 1595
9.910 Lockheed Martin Corporation 1596
9.911 Logicalis (Datatec) 1597
9.912 LogicTree IT Solutions 1598
9.913 Longsung Technology (Sunsea AIoT Technology) 1599
9.914 Lookout 1600
9.915 LS Mtron 1601
9.916 LS telcom 1602
9.917 LTTS (L&T Technology Services) 1603
9.918 Luceor 1604
9.919 Lumen Technologies 1605
9.920 Lumentum 1606
9.921 Lumineye 1607
9.922 LuxCarta 1608
9.923 Luxoft (DXC Technology) 1609
9.924 Lyfo 1610
9.925 Lynk Global 1611
9.926 M1 1612
9.927 m3connect 1613
9.928 M4PS (Mobility 4 Public Safety) 1614
9.929 MACOM 1615
9.930 Magnaquest Technologies 1616
9.931 Maipu Communication Technology 1617
9.932 Maja Systems 1618
9.933 MantisNet 1619
9.934 MarchNet 1620
9.935 Marlink 1621
9.936 Marquistech 1622
9.937 Martin UAV 1623
9.938 Marubeni Corporation 1624
9.939 Marubun Corporation 1625
9.940 Marvell Technology 1626
9.941 MÁSMÓVIL 1627
9.942 Mathworks 1628
9.943 Matrix Electrónica/Webdyn (Flexitron Group) 1629
9.944 MATRIXX Software 1630
9.945 MatSing 1631
9.946 Maven Wireless 1632
9.947 Mavenir 1633
9.948 MaxComm 1635
9.949 Maxis 1636
9.950 MaxLinear 1637
9.951 MC Technologies 1638
9.952 MCP (Mission Critical Partners) 1639
9.953 MCS Benelux 1640
9.954 MD (MICRODRIVE) 1641
9.955 Mdex (Wireless Logic Group) 1642
9.956 MEASAT Satellite Systems 1643
9.957 MECSware 1644
9.958 Media Broadcast (freenet Group) 1645
9.959 MediaTek 1646
9.960 Meeami Technologies 1647
9.961 MegaChips Corporation 1648
9.962 MegaFon 1649
9.963 Meglab (Epiroc) 1650
9.964 MeiG Smart Technology 1651
9.965 Meizu 1652
9.966 Mentura Group 1653
9.967 MER Group 1654
9.968 Meta 1655
9.969 Metanoia Communications 1656
9.970 Metaswitch Networks (Microsoft Corporation) 1657
9.971 Metawave Corporation 1658
9.972 Metismake 1659
9.973 MetTel 1660
9.974 MHD (Muhan Digital) 1661
9.975 MIC Nordic 1662
9.976 MICAS-RF (MICAS Shenzhen Telecommunication) 1663
9.977 MiCOM Labs 1664
9.978 Micran 1665
9.979 Microamp Solutions 1666
9.980 Microchip Technology 1667
9.981 Microlab (RF Industries) 1668
9.982 MicroNova 1669
9.983 Microsoft Corporation 1670
9.984 Microwave Networks 1671
9.985 MikroTik 1672
9.986 Mikwave (Guangdong Mikwave Communication Tech) 1673
9.987 Milesight 1674
9.988 Milestone Systems 1675
9.989 Miliwave 1676
9.990 MiMOMax 1677
9.991 MIPS 1678
9.992 MiTAC Computing Technology Corporation 1679
9.993 MitraStar Technology (Unizyx Holding Corporation) 1680
9.994 MITRE Corporation 1681
9.995 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 1682
9.996 MKI (Mitsui Knowledge Industry) 1683
9.997 MOBI (Mobi Antenna Technologies) 1684
9.998 Mobile Mark 1685
9.999 Mobile Tornado 1686
9.1000 Mobile Viewpoint 1687
9.1001 MobileDemand 1688
9.1002 MobileIron 1689
9.1003 MobileTek (Shanghai Mobiletek Communication) 1690
9.1004 Mobileum 1691
9.1005 Mobilicom 1692
9.1006 Mobilitie (BAI Communications) 1693
9.1007 Mobiveil 1694
9.1008 Modular Mining Systems (Komatsu) 1695
9.1009 Molex 1696
9.1010 Monogoto 1697
9.1011 Morningcore Technology (CICT – China Information and Communication Technology Group) 1698
9.1012 Morningstar Corporation 1699
9.1013 Moseley Associates (Axxcss Wireless Solutions) 1700
9.1014 MosoLabs (Sercomm Corporation) 1701
9.1015 Motive Infrastructure Solutions 1702
9.1016 Motorola Mobility (Lenovo) 1703
9.1017 Motorola Solutions 1704
9.1018 Mott MacDonald 1706
9.1019 Movandi 1707
9.1020 Moxa 1708
9.1021 MP Antenna 1709
9.1022 MRK Media 1710
9.1023 MRT Technology (Suzhou) 1711
9.1024 MSB (M S Benbow & Associates) 1712
9.1025 MST Global – Mine Site Technologies (Komatsu) 1713
9.1026 MTI (Microelectronics Technology Inc.) 1714
9.1027 MTI Wireless Edge 1715
9.1028 MTN Group 1716
9.1029 MTS (Mobile TeleSystems) 1717
9.1030 MUGLER 1718
9.1031 MultiTech (Multi-Tech Systems) 1719
9.1032 Murata Manufacturing 1720
9.1033 Mushroom Networks 1721
9.1034 Mutualink 1722
9.1035 MVI Group 1723
9.1036 MYCOM OSI 1724
9.1037 Mynaric 1725
9.1038 MYT Electronics 1726
9.1039 N.A.T. 1727
9.1040 Nable Communications 1728
9.1041 NanoSemi (MaxLinear) 1729
9.1042 Napatech 1730
9.1043 Nash Technologies 1731
9.1044 Nearby Computing 1732
9.1045 NEC Corporation 1733
9.1046 Nemergent Solutions 1735
9.1047 Nemko 1736
9.1048 Neolink Communications Technology 1737
9.1049 NeoPlane 1738
9.1050 Neoway Technology 1739
9.1051 Neptune Communications 1740
9.1052 Neragon Networks 1741
9.1053 Net AI 1742
9.1054 Netaş 1743
9.1055 NETBEE (NET-Automation) 1744
9.1056 NetCity (GEOS Telecom/GEOS Holding) 1745
9.1057 Netcracker Technology (NEC Corporation) 1746
9.1058 NetFoundry 1747
9.1059 Netgear 1748
9.1060 NetModule (Belden) 1749
9.1061 Netmore Group 1750
9.1062 NETSCOUT Systems 1751
9.1063 Netsia (Argela) 1752
9.1064 Netvision Telecom 1753
9.1065 Neutral Wireless 1754
9.1066 Neutroon Technologies 1755
9.1067 New H3C Technologies (Tsinghua Unigroup) 1756
9.1068 New Postcom Equipment 1757
9.1069 NewEdge Signal Solutions 1758
9.1070 NEXCOM International 1759
9.1071 Nexign 1760
9.1072 Nexpring 1761
9.1073 Nextivity 1762
9.1074 NextNav 1763
9.1075 NextWave 1764
9.1076 Nextworks 1765
9.1077 ng4T 1766
9.1078 NGK Group (NGK Insulators) 1767
9.1079 ng-voice 1768
9.1080 NI (National Instruments) 1769
9.1081 NICE 1770
9.1082 NimbeLink 1771
9.1083 Niral Networks 1772
9.1084 Nitto Denko Corporation 1773
9.1085 NKG (New Kinpo Group) 1774
9.1086 Node-H 1775
9.1087 Nokia 1776
9.1088 Nomad Digital (Alstom) 1778
9.1089 Nordic Semiconductor 1779
9.1090 Northrop Grumman Corporation 1780
9.1091 NOTION Information Technology 1781
9.1092 Nova Labs (Helium) 1782
9.1093 NOVEC 1783
9.1094 NOVELSAT 1784
9.1095 NRB (Network Research Belgium) 1785
9.1096 NS Solutions Corporation 1786
9.1097 Nsight 1787
9.1098 NT (National Telecom) 1788
9.1099 NTMore (Network Technology More) 1789
9.1100 NTT DoCoMo 1790
9.1101 NTT Group 1791
9.1102 Nubia Technology (ZTE) 1792
9.1103 NuRAN Wireless 1793
9.1104 Nurlink Technology 1794
9.1105 NVIDIA Corporation 1795
9.1106 NXP Semiconductors 1796
9.1107 Oasis Smart SIM 1797
9.1108 Ocado Technology 1798
9.1109 Oceus Networks 1799
9.1110 Octasic 1800
9.1111 O-Cubes 1801
9.1112 ODN (Orbital Data Network) 1802
9.1113 OE Solutions 1803
9.1114 OFS Fitel (Furukawa Electric) 1804
9.1115 OKI Electric Industry 1805
9.1116 Omnispace 1806
9.1117 Omnitele 1807
9.1118 Omnitron Systems 1808
9.1119 Omnitronics 1809
9.1120 One2many (Everbridge) 1810
9.1121 OneLayer 1811
9.1122 OnePlus (BBK Electronics) 1812
9.1123 OneSimCard 1813
9.1124 OneWeb 1814
9.1125 Onomondo 1815
9.1126 Ontix 1816
9.1127 Onwave 1817
9.1128 Ooredoo 1818
9.1129 Opanga Networks 1819
9.1130 Open Valley 1820
9.1131 Opencode Systems 1821
9.1132 Openet (Amdocs) 1822
9.1133 OPPO (BBK Electronics) 1823
9.1134 O'Prueba Technology 1824
9.1135 OPTAGE 1825
9.1136 OptConnect 1826
9.1137 Optical Zonu Corporation 1827
9.1138 Opticoms 1828
9.1139 Option 1829
9.1140 Optiva 1830
9.1141 OQ Technology 1831
9.1142 Oracle Communications 1832
9.1143 Orange 1833
9.1144 ORBCOMM 1834
9.1145 Ori Industries 1835
9.1146 Orion Labs 1836
9.1147 Oscilloquartz (Adtran) 1837
9.1148 OV (Manx Telecom) 1838
9.1149 OVHcloud 1839
9.1150 P.I. Works 1840
9.1151 PacStar (Pacific Star Communications) 1841
9.1152 Padtec 1842
9.1153 Palo Alto Networks 1843
9.1154 Panasonic Connect 1844
9.1155 Panda Electronics 1845
9.1156 PanOptis 1846
9.1157 Panorama Antennas 1847
9.1158 Parallel Wireless 1848
9.1159 Parsec Technologies 1849
9.1160 Particle 1850
9.1161 PAStech 1851
9.1162 Patrocinium Systems 1852
9.1163 Patton 1853
9.1164 Pavlov Media 1854
9.1165 PCS Technologies 1855
9.1166 PCTEL 1856
9.1167 PCTEST Lab (PCTEST Engineering Laboratory) 1857
9.1168 Peatalk Corporation 1858
9.1169 Pegatron Corporation 1859
9.1170 Pei Tel Communications 1860
9.1171 Pelion 1861
9.1172 Penguin Solutions (SGH – SMART Global Holdings) 1862
9.1173 Pente Networks 1863
9.1174 Pentonet 1864
9.1175 Peplink (Plover Bay Technologies) 1865
9.1176 Pepperl+Fuchs 1866
9.1177 Pepro 1867
9.1178 Peraso 1868
9.1179 Peraton Labs 1869
9.1180 Percepto 1870
9.1181 Perle Systems 1871
9.1182 PGE Systemy (PGE – Polish Energy Group) 1872
9.1183 Pharrowtech 1873
9.1184 Phirst Technologies/xCraft Enterprises 1874
9.1185 Phluido 1875
9.1186 Phoenix Contact 1876
9.1187 Phytium Technology (Tianjin Phytium Information Technology) 1877
9.1188 PHYTunes 1878
9.1189 Picocom 1879
9.1190 Pierson Wireless 1880
9.1191 Pivot Technology Services 1881
9.1192 Pivotal Commware 1882
9.1193 Pivotel Group 1883
9.1194 Pivotone 1884
9.1195 Pixavi (BARTEC) 1885
9.1196 PK Solutions 1886
9.1197 Platform9 1887
9.1198 Pletronics 1888
9.1199 Plextek 1889
9.1200 Plintron 1890
9.1201 Plus (Polkomtel) 1891
9.1202 POCSTARS 1892
9.1203 Pod Group (G+D – Giesecke+Devrient) 1893
9.1204 Polaris Networks (Motorola Solutions) 1894
9.1205 Polaris Wireless 1895
9.1206 Pollen Mobile 1896
9.1207 Positron Access Solutions 1897
9.1208 Potevio (CETC – China Electronics Technology Group Corporation) 1898
9.1209 PPC (Power Plus Communications) 1900
9.1210 PPC Broadband (Belden) 1901
9.1211 Precision OT (Optical Transceivers) 1902
9.1212 PRESCOM 1903
9.1213 PrioCom 1904
9.1214 Proef 1905
9.1215 Proptivity 1906
9.1216 Proscend Communications 1907
9.1217 PROSE Technologies (Rosenberger) 1908
9.1218 PROTEI 1909
9.1219 Proxim Wireless Corporation (SRA Holdings) 1910
9.1220 Proximus 1911
9.1221 Pryme Radio Products 1912
9.1222 pSemi Corporation (Murata Manufacturing) 1913
9.1223 PT INTI (PT Industri Telekomunikasi Indonesia) 1914
9.1224 PT LEN Industri 1915
9.1225 PTC 1916
9.1226 PTI (Persistent Telecom Inc.) 1917
9.1227 Publicis Sapient 1918
9.1228 Puloli 1919
9.1229 Pulsara 1920
9.1230 Pulse Electronics (YAGEO Corporation) 1921
9.1231 Pycom 1922
9.1232 PySENSE 1923
9.1233 QCT (Quanta Cloud Technology) 1924
9.1234 Qinetiq 1925
9.1235 Qorvo 1926
9.1236 QuadGen Wireless Solutions 1927
9.1237 Qualcomm 1928
9.1238 Quanta Computer 1929
9.1239 Quantum Wireless 1930
9.1240 Qucell Networks (InnoWireless) 1931
9.1241 Quectel Wireless Solutions 1932
9.1242 Quintel (Cirtek Holdings Philippines Corporation) 1933
9.1243 Qulsar 1934
9.1244 Quortus (CradlePoint) 1935
9.1245 Qwake Technologies 1936
9.1246 Qwilt 1937
9.1247 R Systems (Computaris International) 1938
9.1248 R3 Solutions 1939
9.1249 RACOM (Czech Republic) 1940
9.1250 RACOM Corporation 1941
9.1251 RAD 1942
9.1252 RADCOM 1943
9.1253 Radiall 1944
9.1254 Radio Gigabit 1945
9.1255 Radio IP Software 1946
9.1256 RadioMobile 1947
9.1257 Radisys (Reliance Industries) 1948
9.1258 RADTONICS 1949
9.1259 Radware 1950
9.1260 RADWIN 1951
9.1261 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems 1952
9.1262 Raisecom 1953
9.1263 Rajant Corporation 1954
9.1264 Rakon 1955
9.1265 Rakuten Symphony 1956
9.1266 RAKwireless 1957
9.1267 Range Networks (AMN – Africa Mobile Networks) 1958
9.1268 Ranger Systems 1959
9.1269 Ranplan Wireless 1960
9.1270 Rapid.Space (Nexedi) 1961
9.1271 RapidDeploy 1962
9.1272 RapidSOS 1963
9.1273 Rapidtek Technologies 1964
9.1274 Rave Mobile Safety 1965
9.1275 Raycap 1966
9.1276 Raytheon Technologies Corporation 1967
9.1277 RCS Telecommunications 1968
9.1278 RCT (Remote Control Technologies) 1969
9.1279 Ready Wireless 1970
9.1280 Realme (BBK Electronics) 1971
9.1281 Red Hat (IBM) 1972
9.1282 Red Lion Controls (Spectris) 1973
9.1283 RED Technologies 1974
9.1284 REDCOM Laboratories 1975
9.1285 RedZinc 1976
9.1286 Reliance Jio Infocomm (Jio Platforms) 1977
9.1287 REMEC Broadband Wireless Networks (Bridgewave Communications/SAGE SatCom) 1978
9.1288 Renesas Electronics Corporation 1979
9.1289 REPLY 1980
9.1290 Rescue 42 1981
9.1291 Responder Corp 1982
9.1292 RF Connect 1983
9.1293 RF DSP 1984
9.1294 RF Industries 1985
9.1295 RF MORECOM 1986
9.1296 RF Window 1987
9.1297 RF-Comm 1988
9.1298 RFHIC Corporation 1989
9.1299 RFI Technology Solutions 1990
9.1300 RFS (Radio Frequency Systems) 1991
9.1301 RFTech 1992
9.1302 Ribbon Communications 1993
9.1303 Ricon Mobile 1994
9.1304 RigNet (Viasat Energy Services) 1995
9.1305 RIMEDO Labs 1996
9.1306 Rivada Networks 1997
9.1307 Rivada Space Networks 1998
9.1308 RKTPL (RK Telesystem Private Limited) 1999
9.1309 Robert Bosch 2000
9.1310 Robin.io (Rakuten Symphony) 2001
9.1311 Robustel 2002
9.1312 Rogers Communications 2003
9.1313 Rogers Corporation 2004
9.1314 Rohde & Schwarz 2005
9.1315 Rohill 2006
9.1316 Rolling Wireless (Fibocom) 2007
9.1317 Rolloos (FMJ Group) 2008
9.1318 Rosenberger 2009
9.1319 Royole Corporation 2010
9.1320 RSCC (Russian Satellite Communications Company) 2011
9.1321 RSConnect 2012
9.1322 RTX A/S 2013
9.1323 RTx Technology 2014
9.1324 RugGear 2015
9.1325 RuggON Corporation 2016
9.1326 Ruijie Networks 2017
9.1327 RunEL 2018
9.1328 Rushmere Technology 2019
9.1329 S&T Iskratel (Kontron) 2020
9.1330 Saab 2021
9.1331 Saankhya Labs (Tejas Networks) 2022
9.1332 SABIC 2023
9.1333 SAC Wireless (Nokia) 2024
9.1334 SAE IT-Systems (LACROIX Group) 2025
9.1335 SAF Tehnika 2026
9.1336 Safe-Com Wireless 2027
9.1337 SafeMobile 2028
9.1338 Safran 2029
9.1339 Sagemcom 2030
9.1340 SageRAN (Guangzhou SageRAN Technology) 2031
9.1341 Saguna Networks (COMSovereign) 2032
9.1342 SAI Technology 2033
9.1343 SAIC (Science Applications International Corporation) 2034
9.1344 Samji Electronics 2035
9.1345 Samsung 2036
9.1346 SAMWON FA 2038
9.1347 Samyoung Celetra 2039
9.1348 Sandvik 2040
9.1349 Sandvine 2041
9.1350 Sanechips Technology (ZTE) 2042
9.1351 Sanjole 2043
9.1352 San-tron 2044
9.1353 Sanxing (Ningbo Sanxing Smart Electric) 2045
9.1354 Sasken Technologies 2046
9.1355 SaskTel 2047
9.1356 Sateliot 2048
9.1357 SatixFy 2049
9.1358 Saviah Technologies 2050
9.1359 Savox Communications 2051
9.1360 SBA Communications 2052
9.1361 Sceye 2053
9.1362 Schneider Electric 2054
9.1363 SEA – Systems Engineering & Assessment (Cohort) 2055
9.1364 Seamless Waves 2056
9.1365 Sectra Communications 2057
9.1366 Secured Communications 2058
9.1367 SecureG 2059
9.1368 Select Spectrum 2060
9.1369 SEMPRE 2061
9.1370 Semtech Corporation 2062
9.1371 Senko Advanced Components 2063
9.1372 Sensorview 2064
9.1373 Senstar Corporation 2065
9.1374 Sensus (Xylem) 2066
9.1375 Sentient Energy (Koch Engineered Solutions) 2067
9.1376 Sentinel Camera Systems 2068
9.1377 Seong Ji Industrial 2069
9.1378 SEONTECH 2070
9.1379 Seowon Intech 2071
9.1380 Sepura 2072
9.1381 Sequans Communications 2073
9.1382 Sercomm Corporation 2074
9.1383 SES 2075
9.1384 SETUP Protokolltester 2076
9.1385 SGS 2077
9.1386 Shannon Wireless (Zhejiang Shannon Communication Technology) 2078
9.1387 Shared Access 2079
9.1388 Sharp Corporation (Foxconn – Hon Hai Technology Group) 2080
9.1389 Shenglu (Guangdong Shenglu Telecommunication) 2081
9.1390 Shenzhen CXD Science & Technology 2082
9.1391 Shenzhen Recoda Technologies 2083
9.1392 SIAE Microelettronica 2084
9.1393 SICK 2085
9.1394 Siemens 2086
9.1395 Sierra Wireless (Semtech Corporation) 2087
9.1396 Sigma Wireless 2088
9.1397 Signal Information & Communication Corporation 2089
9.1398 Signalchip 2090
9.1399 Signalwing 2091
9.1400 Siklu 2092
9.1401 Silicom Connectivity Solutions 2093
9.1402 Silicom SAS (France) 2094
9.1403 SIMCom Wireless Solutions (Sunsea AIoT Technology) 2095
9.1404 Simnovus 2096
9.1405 Simoco Wireless Solutions 2097
9.1406 Sinclair Technologies (Norsat International/Hytera Communications) 2098
9.1407 Singtel 2099
9.1408 Sinnwell (audius) 2100
9.1409 SIRADEL 2101
9.1410 SITA 2102
9.1411 siticom (Logicalis) 2103
9.1412 SiTime Corporation 2104
9.1413 SITRONICS (Sistema) 2105
9.1414 SiTune Corporation 2106
9.1415 Sivers Semiconductors 2107
9.1416 Siyata Mobile 2108
9.1417 SK Telecom 2109
9.1418 SK Telesys 2110
9.1419 Skoltech (Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology) 2111
9.1420 SKY Perfect JSAT 2112
9.1421 SkyFive 2113
9.1422 Skylark Wireless 2114
9.1423 Skylo Technologies 2115
9.1424 Skytic Telecom 2116
9.1425 Skyvera (TelcoDR) 2117
9.1426 Skyworks Solutions 2118
9.1427 SLA Corporation 2119
9.1428 SM Optics (SIAE Microelettronica) 2120
9.1429 Smart Communications (PLDT) 2121
9.1430 Smart Mobile Labs 2122
9.1431 Smartfren 2123
9.1432 SmarTone 2124
9.1433 SmartSky Networks 2125
9.1434 SMAWave (Shanghai SMAWave Technology) 2126
9.1435 Socionext 2127
9.1436 SoftBank Group 2128
9.1437 Softil 2129
9.1438 Soitec 2130
9.1439 Solectek Corporation/Cielo Networks 2131
9.1440 SOLiD 2132
9.1441 Solidtronic 2133
9.1442 Soliton Systems 2134
9.1443 Sonim Technologies 2135
9.1444 Sony Group Corporation 2136
9.1445 Sooktha 2137
9.1446 Soracom 2138
9.1447 Source Photonics 2139
9.1448 Southern Linc 2140
9.1449 Space Data Corporation 2141
9.1450 SpaceBridge 2142
9.1451 Spacecom 2143
9.1452 SpaceX 2144
9.1453 Spark New Zealand 2145
9.1454 Spectra Group 2146
9.1455 SpectraRep 2147
9.1456 Spectre (Rostec) 2148
9.1457 Spectronite 2149
9.1458 Spectronn 2150
9.1459 Spectrum Effect 2151
9.1460 Speedcast 2152
9.1461 Spideradio (Suzhou Spideradio Telecommunication Technology) 2153
9.1462 SPIE Group 2154
9.1463 Spirent Communications 2155
9.1464 SPIRIT DSP 2156
9.1465 SPL (Stratospheric Platforms Limited) 2157
9.1466 Sporton International 2158
9.1467 SQUAN 2159
9.1468 Squire Technologies 2160
9.1469 SRS (Software Radio Systems) 2161
9.1470 SRTechnology 2162
9.1471 SSC (Shared Spectrum Company) 2163
9.1472 SSS Public Safety 2164
9.1473 ST (STMicroelectronics) 2165
9.1474 ST Engineering iDirect 2166
9.1475 Star Microwave 2167
9.1476 Star Solutions 2168
9.1477 StarHub 2169
9.1478 StarPoint (Beijing StarPoint Technology) 2170
9.1479 STC (Saudi Telecom Company) 2171
9.1480 Steep 2172
9.1481 STEP CG 2173
9.1482 STL (Sterlite Technologies Ltd.) 2174
9.1483 Stop Noise 2175
9.1484 sTraffic 2176
9.1485 Strata Worldwide 2177
9.1486 Streambox 2178
9.1487 Streamwide 2179
9.1488 Subex 2180
9.1489 Sumitomo Electric Industries 2181
9.1490 Summa Networks 2182
9.1491 Summit Tech 2183
9.1492 Sunrise UPC (Liberty Global) 2184
9.1493 Sunsea AIoT Technology 2185
9.1494 Sunwave Communications 2186
9.1495 Supermicro (Super Micro Computer) 2187
9.1496 SureSite Consulting Group 2188
9.1497 SUSE 2189
9.1498 Swisscom 2190
9.1499 Swissphone 2191
9.1500 Sylincom (Beijing Sylincom Technology) 2192
9.1501 Synctechno 2193
9.1502 Syniverse 2194
9.1503 SYRTEM 2195
9.1504 Systech Corporation 2196
9.1505 System Innovation Group 2197
9.1506 Systemics-PAB 2198
9.1507 T&W (Shenzhen Gongjin Electronics) 2199
9.1508 T2M 2200
9.1509 TacSat Networks 2201
9.1510 Tait Communications 2202
9.1511 Taiwan Mobile 2203
9.1512 TAIYO YUDEN 2204
9.1513 Talia Communications (Commercis) 2205
9.1514 Talk-IP International 2206
9.1515 Talkpod Technology 2207
9.1516 Tambora Systems 2208
9.1517 Tampa Microwave (Thales) 2209
9.1518 Tampnet 2210
9.1519 Tango Networks 2211
9.1520 Tango Tango 2212
9.1521 Taoglas 2213
9.1522 Tarana Wireless 2214
9.1523 TASSTA 2215
9.1524 Tata Elxsi 2216
9.1525 Tatfook (Shenzhen Tatfook Technology) 2217
9.1526 TCL Communication 2218
9.1527 TCOM 2219
9.1528 TCS (Tata Consultancy Services) 2220
9.1529 TD Tech 2221
9.1530 TDC NET 2222
9.1531 TDCOMM 2223
9.1532 TE Connectivity 2224
9.1533 Teal Communications 2225
9.1534 Tech Mahindra 2226
9.1535 Techbros 2227
9.1536 Technicolor 2228
9.1537 Tecom 2229
9.1538 Tecore Networks 2230
9.1539 Tejas Networks 2231
9.1540 TEKTELIC Communications 2232
9.1541 Telco Systems (BATM Advanced Communications) 2233
9.1542 Telcoware 2234
9.1543 Teldat 2235
9.1544 Tele2 2236
9.1545 Tele2 Russia (Rostelecom) 2237
9.1546 Telecom26 2238
9.1547 Teleena (Tata Communications MOVE) 2239
9.1548 Telefield 2240
9.1549 Telefónica Group 2241
9.1550 Telekom Slovenije 2242
9.1551 Telenet 2243
9.1552 Telenor Group 2244
9.1553 Telent 2245
9.1554 Telesat 2246
9.1555 Telespazio (Leonardo/Thales) 2247
9.1556 Teleste 2248
9.1557 teleSys Software 2249
9.1558 Telet Research 2250
9.1559 Televate 2251
9.1560 Telewave 2252
9.1561 Teleworld Solutions (Samsung) 2253
9.1562 Telia Company 2254
9.1563 Telit Cinterion 2255
9.1564 Telkomsel 2256
9.1565 Tellabs 2257
9.1566 Tellion 2258
9.1567 Telna 2259
9.1568 TELNET Redes Inteligentes 2260
9.1569 TELOX (Telo Systems) 2261
9.1570 Telrad Networks 2262
9.1571 Telsasoft 2263
9.1572 Telstra 2264
9.1573 Teltonika 2265
9.1574 Teltronic (Hytera Communications) 2266
9.1575 Telus 2267
9.1576 TEOCO 2268
9.1577 Teracom 2269
9.1578 Teradek 2270
9.1579 TeraGo 2271
9.1580 Tera-Pass 2272
9.1581 Tessares 2273
9.1582 TESSCO Technologies/Ventev 2274
9.1583 Thaicom 2275
9.1584 Thales 2276
9.1585 ThinkRF 2277
9.1586 Three Group Solutions (CK Hutchison) 2278
9.1587 Thundercomm 2279
9.1588 TI (Texas Instruments) 2280
9.1589 Tianyi (Sichuan Tianyi Comheart Telecom) 2281
9.1590 Tibco Telecoms 2282
9.1591 TietoEVRY 2283
9.1592 Tillman Global Holdings 2284
9.1593 Tilson 2285
9.1594 TIM (Telecom Italia Mobile) 2286
9.1595 Titan ICT 2287
9.1596 Titan.ium Platform 2288
9.1597 TJ Innovation 2289
9.1598 TLC Solutions 2290
9.1599 TM (Telekom Malaysia) 2291
9.1600 T-Mobile US 2292
9.1601 TMYTEK (TMY Technology) 2293
9.1602 TNS (Transaction Network Services) 2294
9.1603 TO21COMMS 2295
9.1604 Tofane Global 2296
9.1605 TOKIE (Irvees Technology) 2297
9.1606 TOMIA 2298
9.1607 Tongyu Communication 2299
9.1608 Toshiba Corporation 2300
9.1609 Totogi 2301
9.1610 TowerJazz 2302
9.1611 TPG Telecom 2303
9.1612 TPL Systèmes 2304
9.1613 TP-Link Technologies 2305
9.1614 Transatel (NTT Group) 2306
9.1615 Transit Wireless (BAI Communications) 2307
9.1616 TransPacket 2308
9.1617 TriaSys Technologies Corporation 2309
9.1618 TRIOPT 2310
9.1619 Triorail 2311
9.1620 Trópico (CPQD – Center for Research and Development in Telecommunications, Brazil) 2312
9.1621 TrueMove H (True Corporation) 2313
9.1622 TRUMPF 2314
9.1623 Truphone 2315
9.1624 TRX Systems 2316
9.1625 TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) 2317
9.1626 Tsofun 2318
9.1627 TST Systems (Thorcom Systems/Sonic Communications/Tioga Electronic Assembly) 2319
9.1628 T-Systems International 2320
9.1629 TTG International 2321
9.1630 TTM Technologies 2322
9.1631 Tupl 2323
9.1632 Türk Telekom 2324
9.1633 Turkcell 2325
9.1634 TUSUR (Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics) 2326
9.1635 TÜV SÜD 2327
9.1636 Two Six Labs 2328
9.1637 Tyler Technologies 2329
9.1638 U.S. Cellular 2330
9.1639 UANGEL 2331
9.1640 UBCS 2332
9.1641 Ubicquia 2333
9.1642 Ubiik 2334
9.1643 UBiqube 2335
9.1644 Ubiquoss 2336
9.1645 Ubiwhere 2337
9.1646 U-Blox 2338
9.1647 Ucloudy (Shanghai Ucloudy Information Technology) 2339
9.1648 UCtel 2340
9.1649 UfiSpace 2341
9.1650 UL 2342
9.1651 ULAK Communication 2343
9.1652 Ultraband Technologies 2344
9.1653 UMC (United Microelectronics Corporation) 2345
9.1654 Umlaut (Accenture) 2346
9.1655 UMS (United Monolithic Semiconductors) 2347
9.1656 UNIMO Technology 2348
9.1657 UNISOC (Tsinghua Unigroup) 2349
9.1658 UniStrong 2350
9.1659 UNITAC Technology 2351
9.1660 UniTTEC 2352
9.1661 UROS 2353
9.1662 URSYS 2354
9.1663 US Digital Designs 2355
9.1664 USI (Universal Scientific Industrial) 2356
9.1665 Utility (Utility Associates) 2357
9.1666 Utility Connect (Alliander/Stedin) 2358
9.1667 UTStarcom 2359
9.1668 V&M (Venus & Mercury) Telecom 2360
9.1669 V5 Systems 2361
9.1670 Valid (Brazil) 2362
9.1671 Valid8 2363
9.1672 Vantage Towers 2364
9.1673 Vanu 2365
9.1674 Vapor IO 2366
9.1675 Vavitel (Shenzhen Vavitel Technology) 2367
9.1676 VDI (Virginia Diodes, Inc.) 2368
9.1677 Vector Data 2369
9.1678 Veea 2370
9.1679 VEON 2371
9.1680 Verana Networks 2372
9.1681 Verizon Communications 2373
9.1682 Verkotan 2374
9.1683 Versa Networks 2375
9.1684 Vertel 2376
9.1685 Vertical Bridge (DigitalBridge Group) 2377
9.1686 Vertiv 2378
9.1687 Verveba Telecom 2379
9.1688 VHT (Viettel High Tech) 2380
9.1689 Viasat 2381
9.1690 VIAVI Solutions 2382
9.1691 VIDA Technologies 2383
9.1692 Vigilate 2384
9.1693 Vilicom (BAI Communications) 2385
9.1694 VinSmart (Vingroup) 2386
9.1695 Viper RF 2387
9.1696 Viprinet 2388
9.1697 ViPRO Corporation 2389
9.1698 Virtual Access (Westermo Network Technologies) 2390
9.1699 Virtusa Corporation 2391
9.1700 Vislink Technologies 2392
9.1701 Visual Labs 2393
9.1702 Vital (New Zealand) 2394
9.1703 VITES 2395
9.1704 Vivo (BBK Electronics) 2396
9.1705 VMware 2397
9.1706 VNC – Virtual NetCom (COMSovereign) 2398
9.1707 VNL – Vihaan Networks Limited (Shyam Group) 2399
9.1708 Vodacom Group 2400
9.1709 Vodafone Group 2401
9.1710 VoerEir 2402
9.1711 VoiceAge Corporation 2403
9.1712 Voipfuture 2404
9.1713 Volvo CE (Construction Equipment) 2405
9.1714 Voxer 2406
9.1715 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland 2407
9.1716 Vubiq Networks 2408
9.1717 VVDN Technologies 2409
9.1718 WAGO 2410
9.1719 WAV4M 2411
9.1720 WAVE (AGC) 2412
9.1721 Wave1 2413
9.1722 Wave-In Communication 2414
9.1723 Wavelabs 2415
9.1724 Wavesight 2416
9.1725 Wavetel Technology 2417
9.1726 Waycare 2418
9.1727 WCCTV (Wireless CCTV) 2419
9.1728 WDNA (Wireless DNA) 2420
9.1729 Weaccess Group 2421
9.1730 WebRadar 2422
9.1731 Weidmüller 2423
9.1732 Welotec 2424
9.1733 Westell Technologies 2425
9.1734 Wevercomm 2426
9.1735 Wewins (Shenzhen Wewins Wireless) 2427
9.1736 wgtwo (Working Group Two) 2428
9.1737 WH Bence Group 2429
9.1738 Whale Cloud Technology (Alibaba Group) 2430
9.1739 Whizz Systems 2431
9.1740 Widelity 2432
9.1741 WIG (Wireless Infrastructure Group) 2433
9.1742 Wildox (Shenzhen Happy Technology) 2434
9.1743 Wilson Electronics 2435
9.1744 Wilus 2436
9.1745 WIN Connectivity (Wireless Information Networks) 2437
9.1746 Wind River Systems 2438
9.1747 Wind Tre 2439
9.1748 Wingtech Technology 2440
9.1749 WINITECH 2441
9.1750 Winmate Communications 2442
9.1751 Winncom Technologies 2443
9.1752 Wipro 2444
9.1753 Wireless Logic Group 2445
9.1754 Wireless Technologies Finland 2446
9.1755 Wireless Telecom Group 2447
9.1756 WiSig Networks 2448
9.1757 Wistron Corporation 2449
9.1758 Wiwynn (Wistron Corporation) 2450
9.1759 WM Systems 2451
9.1760 WMS (Wireless Maritime Services) 2452
9.1761 WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation) 2453
9.1762 Wolfspeed 2454
9.1763 WooriNet 2455
9.1764 Workz 2456
9.1765 World View 2457
9.1766 WorldCell Solutions 2458
9.1767 Wouxun (Quanzhou Wouxun Electronics) 2459
9.1768 WTL (World Telecom Labs) 2460
9.1769 WTW Electronic 2461
9.1770 WWT (World Wide Technology) 2462
9.1771 Wytec International 2463
9.1772 Xantaro 2464
9.1773 XAVi Technologies Corporation (Chicony Electronics) 2465
9.1774 XCOM Labs 2466
9.1775 Xelera Technologies 2467
9.1776 Xemex 2468
9.1777 Xena Networks 2469
9.1778 Xiamen Puxing Electronics Science & Technology 2470
9.1779 Xiamen Sanan Integrated Circuit 2471
9.1780 Xiaomi 2472
9.1781 Xilinx (AMD – Advanced Micro Devices) 2473
9.1782 Xingtera 2474
9.1783 Xinwei Group 2475
9.1784 XINYI Information Technology 2476
9.1785 XipLink 2477
9.1786 XIUS 2478
9.1787 YADRO (ICS Holding) 2479
9.1788 YAGEO Corporation 2480
9.1789 Yahsat (Al Yah Satellite Communications)/Thuraya 2481
9.1790 YaleBTS 2482
9.1791 Yanton (Quanzhou Yanton Electronics) 2483
9.1792 YOFC (Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable) 2484
9.1793 Yokogawa Electric Corporation 2485
9.1794 Yuge Technology (Shanghai Yuge Information Technology) 2486
9.1795 Zain Group 2487
9.1796 ZaiNar 2488
9.1797 Zaram Technology 2489
9.1798 Z-Com 2490
9.1799 Zealync 2491
9.1800 Zebra Technologies 2492
9.1801 Zeetta Networks 2493
9.1802 Zello 2494
9.1803 ZenFi Networks (BAI Communications) 2495
9.1804 Zengyi Technology 2496
9.1805 Zepcam 2497
9.1806 ZeroEyes 2498
9.1807 Zetron (Codan) 2499
9.1808 Zhengkai Electronics (Jiangsu Zhengkai Electronics Technology) 2500
9.1809 ZILLNK 2501
9.1810 Zinwave (McWane) 2502
9.1811 Zioncom 2503
9.1812 Zmtel (Shanghai Zhongmi Communication Technology) 2504
9.1813 ZT Systems 2505
9.1814 ZTE 2506
9.1815 Zyxel (Unizyx Holding Corporation) 2508

10 Chapter 10: Market Sizing & Forecasts 2509
10.1 Global Outlook for Private LTE & 5G Network Investments 2509
10.2 Infrastructure Submarkets 2510
10.2.1 RAN 2510
10.2.1.1 Base Station RUs 2511
10.2.1.2 DUs/CUs 2512
10.2.2 Mobile Core 2513
10.2.2.1 User Plane Functions 2514
10.2.2.2 Control Plane Functions 2514
10.2.3 Transport Network 2515
10.2.3.1 Fiber & Wireline 2515
10.2.3.2 Microwave 2516
10.2.3.3 Satellite Communications 2516
10.3 Technology Generations 2517
10.3.1 LTE 2517
10.3.1.1 LTE RAN 2518
10.3.1.2 EPC 2518
10.3.1.3 Transport 2519
10.3.2 5G 2519
10.3.2.1 5G RAN 2520
10.3.2.2 5GC 2520
10.3.2.3 Transport 2521
10.4 Cell Sizes 2521
10.4.1 Indoor Small Cells 2522
10.4.2 Outdoor Small Cells 2523
10.4.3 Macrocells 2524
10.5 Spectrum Licensing Models 2525
10.5.1 Mobile Operator-Owned Spectrum 2526
10.5.2 Wide Area Licensed Spectrum 2527
10.5.3 Shared & Local Area Licensed Spectrum 2528
10.5.4 Unlicensed Spectrum 2529
10.6 Frequency Ranges 2530
10.6.1 Low-Band (Sub-1 GHz) 2531
10.6.2 Mid-Band (1-6 GHz) 2532
10.6.3 High-Band (mmWave) 2533
10.7 End User Markets & Verticals 2534
10.7.1 Vertical Industries 2535
10.7.1.1 Agriculture 2537
10.7.1.2 Aviation 2538
10.7.1.3 Broadcasting 2539
10.7.1.4 Construction 2540
10.7.1.5 Education 2541
10.7.1.6 Forestry 2542
10.7.1.7 Healthcare 2543
10.7.1.8 Manufacturing 2544
10.7.1.9 Military 2545
10.7.1.10 Mining 2546
10.7.1.11 Oil & Gas 2547
10.7.1.12 Ports & Maritime Transport 2548
10.7.1.13 Public Safety 2549
10.7.1.14 Railways 2550
10.7.1.15 Utilities 2551
10.7.1.16 Others 2552
10.7.2 Offices, Buildings & Corporate Campuses 2553
10.8 Regional Segmentation 2554
10.8.1 North America 2555
10.8.1.1 Infrastructure Submarkets 2555
10.8.1.2 End User Markets & Verticals 2556
10.8.2 Asia Pacific 2557
10.8.2.1 Infrastructure Submarkets 2557
10.8.2.2 End User Markets & Verticals 2558
10.8.3 Europe 2559
10.8.3.1 Infrastructure Submarkets 2559
10.8.3.2 End User Markets & Verticals 2560
10.8.4 Middle East & Africa 2561
10.8.4.1 Infrastructure Submarkets 2561
10.8.4.2 End User Markets & Verticals 2562
10.8.5 Latin & Central America 2563
10.8.5.1 Infrastructure Submarkets 2563
10.8.5.2 End User Markets & Verticals 2564

11 Chapter 11: Conclusion & Strategic Recommendations 2565
11.1 Why is the Market Poised to Grow? 2565
11.2 Future Roadmap: 2023 – 2030 2566
11.2.1 2023 – 2025: Continued Investments in Private Cellular Networks 2566
11.2.2 2026 – 2029: Mass-Market Adoption of Industrial-Grade Standalone 5G NPNs 2567
11.2.3 2030 & Beyond: Towards Private 6G Connectivity for Future Applications 2567
11.3 Competitive Landscape: Acquisitions, Consolidation & Partnerships 2568
11.4 Assessing the Practical & Quantifiable Benefits of Private LTE/5G Networks 2568
11.5 Spectrum Liberalization Initiatives for Private LTE/5G Networks 2570
11.6 The Role of National Mobile Network Operators 2571
11.7 5G Network Slicing & Hybrid Public-Private Networks 2571
11.8 Emergence of New Classes of Private Network Operators 2572
11.9 Opportunities for Global System Integrators, Hyperscalers & Other New Entrants 2572
11.10 Startups Targeting Private Cellular Security, Management & Orchestration Needs 2572
11.11 Open RAN & vRAN (Virtualized RAN) Adoption in Private Networks 2573
11.12 Close Link Between Private LTE/5G Networks & Edge Computing 2573
11.13 SON & AI-Based Automation: Easing the Role of Enterprise IT Departments 2574
11.14 Driving the Convergence of IT & OT Domains With Industrial-Grade 5G Connectivity 2574
11.15 Interconnectivity & Roaming in Private LTE/5G Networks 2574
11.16 Post-Pandemic Changes & Their Impact on the Market 2575
11.17 Strategic Recommendations 2575
11.17.1 LTE /5G Equipment & Chipset Suppliers 2575
11.17.2 System Integrators & Private Network Specialists 2576
11.17.3 National Mobile Network Operators 2576
11.17.4 End User Organizations & Vertical Industries 2577

List of Figures

Figure 1: Minimum Performance Requirements for 5G Systems 136
Figure 2: NSA (Non-Standalone) vs. SA (Standalone) 5G Deployment Modes 145
Figure 3: Isolated NPN (Non-Public Network) Deployment Scenario 150
Figure 4: Dedicated Mobile Operator RAN Coverage NPN Deployment Scenario 151
Figure 5: Shared RAN With On-Premise Core NPN Deployment Scenario 152
Figure 6: Shared RAN & Control Plane NPN Deployment Scenario 153
Figure 7: NPN Hosted by Public Network Deployment Scenario 154
Figure 8: Virtual Sliced Private Network Deployment Scenario 155
Figure 9: Hybrid Public-Private Network Deployment Scenario 156
Figure 10: Shared Core Private Network Deployment Scenario 157
Figure 11: Secure MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) Deployment Scenario 158
Figure 12: Business Models for Private LTE & 5G Networks 159
Figure 13: Value Chain of Private LTE & 5G Networks 161
Figure 14: Private LTE/5G Network Architecture 174
Figure 15: 5G NG-RAN Architecture 179
Figure 16: eNB/gNB RU (Radio Unit) Functional Elements 181
Figure 17: eNB/gNB DU (Distributed Baseband Unit) Functional Elements 182
Figure 18: eNB/gNB CU (Centralized Baseband Unit) Functional Elements 183
Figure 19: 5GC (5G Core) Architecture 187
Figure 20: Fronthaul, Midhaul & Backhaul Transport Network Segments 197
Figure 21: 5G Transport Performance Requirements 198
Figure 22: Distance & RTT (Round-Trip Time) Comparison Between Public & Private Edge Computing 232
Figure 23: Standardization of Private LTE/5G-Related Features in 3GPP Releases 11 – 18 402
Figure 24: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2509
Figure 25: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2510
Figure 26: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2510
Figure 27: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2511
Figure 28: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station RU Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2511
Figure 29: Global Private LTE & 5G Base Station RU Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2512
Figure 30: Global Private LTE & 5G DU/CU Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2512
Figure 31: Global Private LTE & 5G DU/CU Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2513
Figure 32: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2513
Figure 33: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core User Plane Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2514
Figure 34: Global Private LTE & 5G Mobile Core Control Plane Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2514
Figure 35: Global Private LTE & 5G Transport Network Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2515
Figure 36: Global Private LTE & 5G Fiber-Wireline Transport Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2515
Figure 37: Global Private LTE & 5G Microwave Transport Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2516
Figure 38: Global Private LTE & 5G Satellite Transport Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2516
Figure 39: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue by Technology Generation: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2517
Figure 40: Global Private LTE Network Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2517
Figure 41: Global Private LTE RAN Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2518
Figure 42: Global Private LTE EPC Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2518
Figure 43: Global Private LTE Transport Network Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2519
Figure 44: Global Private 5G Network Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2519
Figure 45: Global Private 5G RAN Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2520
Figure 46: Global Private 5GC Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2520
Figure 47: Global Private 5G Transport Network Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2521
Figure 48: Global Private LTE & 5G RU Shipments by Cell Size: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2521
Figure 49: Global Private LTE & 5G RU Revenue by Cell Size: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2522
Figure 50: Global Private LTE & 5G Indoor Small Cell RU Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2522
Figure 51: Global Private LTE & 5G Indoor Small Cell RU Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2523
Figure 52: Global Private LTE & 5G Outdoor Small Cell RU Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2523
Figure 53: Global Private LTE & 5G Outdoor Small Cell RU Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2524
Figure 54: Global Private LTE & 5G Macrocell RU Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2524
Figure 55: Global Private LTE & 5G Macrocell RU Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2525
Figure 56: Global Private LTE & 5G RU Shipments by Spectrum Licensing Model: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2525
Figure 57: Global Private LTE & 5G RU Revenue by Spectrum Licensing Model: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2526
Figure 58: Global Mobile Operator-Owned Spectrum Private LTE & 5G RU Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2526
Figure 59: Global Mobile Operator-Owned Spectrum Private LTE & 5G RU Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2527
Figure 60: Global Wide Area Licensed Spectrum Private LTE & 5G RU Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2527
Figure 61: Global Wide Area Licensed Spectrum Private LTE & 5G RU Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2528
Figure 62: Global Shared & Local Area Licensed Spectrum Private LTE & 5G RU Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2528
Figure 63: Global Shared & Local Area Licensed Spectrum Private LTE & 5G RU Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2529
Figure 64: Global Unlicensed Spectrum Private LTE & 5G RU Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2529
Figure 65: Global Unlicensed Spectrum Private LTE & 5G RU Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2530
Figure 66: Global Private LTE & 5G RU Shipments by Frequency Range: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2530
Figure 67: Global Private LTE & 5G RU Revenue by Frequency Range: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2531
Figure 68: Global Low-Band (Sub-1 GHz) Private LTE & 5G RU Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2531
Figure 69: Global Low-Band (Sub-1 GHz) Private LTE & 5G RU Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2532
Figure 70: Global Mid-Band (1-6 GHz) Private LTE & 5G RU Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2532
Figure 71: Global Mid-Band (1-6 GHz) Private LTE & 5G RU Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2533
Figure 72: Global High-Band (mmWave) Private LTE & 5G RU Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2533
Figure 73: Global High-Band (mmWave) Private LTE & 5G RU Revenue: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2534
Figure 74: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue by End User Market: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2534
Figure 75: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue by Vertical Industry: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2535
Figure 76: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in Vertical Industries by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2536
Figure 77: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in Vertical Industries: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2536
Figure 78: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in the Agriculture Vertical by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2537
Figure 79: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in the Agriculture Vertical: 2023 – 2030 2537
Figure 80: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in the Aviation Vertical by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2538
Figure 81: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in the Aviation Vertical: 2023 – 2030 2538
Figure 82: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in the Broadcasting Vertical by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2539
Figure 83: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in the Broadcasting Vertical: 2023 – 2030 2539
Figure 84: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in the Construction Vertical by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2540
Figure 85: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in the Construction Vertical: 2023 – 2030 2540
Figure 86: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in the Education Vertical by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2541
Figure 87: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in the Education Vertical: 2023 – 2030 2541
Figure 88: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in the Forestry Vertical by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2542
Figure 89: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in the Forestry Vertical: 2023 – 2030 2542
Figure 90: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in the Healthcare Vertical by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2543
Figure 91: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in the Healthcare Vertical: 2023 – 2030 2543
Figure 92: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in the Manufacturing Vertical by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2544
Figure 93: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in the Manufacturing Vertical: 2023 – 2030 2544
Figure 94: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in the Military Vertical by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2545
Figure 95: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in the Military Vertical: 2023 – 2030 2545
Figure 96: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in the Mining Vertical by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2546
Figure 97: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in the Mining Vertical: 2023 – 2030 2546
Figure 98: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in the Oil & Gas Vertical by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2547
Figure 99: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in the Oil & Gas Vertical: 2023 – 2030 2547
Figure 100: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in the Ports & Maritime Transport Vertical by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2548
Figure 101: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in the Ports & Maritime Transport Vertical: 2023 – 2030 2548
Figure 102: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in the Public Safety Vertical by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2549
Figure 103: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in the Public Safety Vertical: 2023 – 2030 2549
Figure 104: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in the Railways Vertical by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2550
Figure 105: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in the Railways Vertical: 2023 – 2030 2550
Figure 106: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in the Utilities Vertical by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2551
Figure 107: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in the Utilities Vertical: 2023 – 2030 2551
Figure 108: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in Other Verticals by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2552
Figure 109: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in Other Verticals: 2023 – 2030 2552
Figure 110: Global Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue in Offices, Buildings & Corporate Campuses by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2553
Figure 111: Global Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments in Offices, Buildings & Corporate Campuses: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2553
Figure 112: Private LTE & 5G Network Infrastructure Revenue by Region: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2554
Figure 113: North America Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2555
Figure 114: North America Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2555
Figure 115: North America Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue by End User Market: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2556
Figure 116: North America Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue by Vertical Industry: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2556
Figure 117: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2557
Figure 118: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2557
Figure 119: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue by End User Market: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2558
Figure 120: Asia Pacific Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue by Vertical Industry: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2558
Figure 121: Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2559
Figure 122: Europe Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2559
Figure 123: Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue by End User Market: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2560
Figure 124: Europe Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue by Vertical Industry: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2560
Figure 125: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2561
Figure 126: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2561
Figure 127: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue by End User Market: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2562
Figure 128: Middle East & Africa Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue by Vertical Industry: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2562
Figure 129: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue by Infrastructure Submarket: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2563
Figure 130: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G RAN Unit Shipments: 2023 – 2030 (Thousands of Units) 2563
Figure 131: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue by End User Market: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2564
Figure 132: Latin & Central America Private LTE & 5G Network Revenue by Vertical Industry: 2023 – 2030 ($ Million) 2564
Figure 133: Global Spending on Private LTE & 5G Networks for Vertical Industries by Technology Generation: 2023 – 2026 ($ Million) 2565
Figure 134: Future Roadmap of Private LTE & 5G Networks: 2023 – 2030 2566

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