The 2G, 3G, 4G & 5G Wireless Network Infrastructure Market: 2016 – 2030 – with an Evaluation of Wi-Fi and WiMAX

The 2G, 3G, 4G & 5G Wireless Network Infrastructure Market: 2016 – 2030 – with an Evaluation of Wi-Fi and WiMAX

Table of Contents

Report 1: The Wireless Network Infrastructure Ecosystem: 2016 – 2030 – Macrocell RAN, Small Cells, C-RAN, RRH, DAS, Carrier Wi-Fi, Mobile Core, Backhaul & Fronthaul

1 Chapter 1.1: Introduction 34
1.1 Executive Summary 34
1.2 Topics Covered 36
1.3 Forecast Segmentation 37
1.4 Key Questions Answered 41
1.5 Key Findings 42
1.6 Methodology 43
1.7 Target Audience 44
1.8 Companies & Organizations Mentioned 45

2 Chapter 1.2: An Overview of Wireless Network Infrastructure 50
2.1 What is Wireless Network Infrastructure? 50
2.2 2G: GSM & CDMA 51
2.2.1 2G Trends & Developments 51
2.2.2 2G Market Summary 52
2.3 3G: W-CDMA, TD-SCDMA & CDMA2000 52
2.3.1 3G Trends & Developments 53
2.3.2 3G Market Summary 54
2.4 4G: LTE, LTE-Advanced & WiMAX 55
2.4.1 4G Trends & Developments 55
2.4.2 4G Market Summary 55
2.5 5G: IMT-2020 Technologies 57
2.5.1 5G Trends & Developments 57
2.5.2 5G Market Summary 58
2.6 Macrocell RAN 60
2.6.1 Macrocell RAN Trends & Developments 61
2.7 HetNet RAN 62
2.7.1 HetNet RAN Trends & Developments 63
2.7.2 Small Cells 63
2.7.3 C-RAN 63
2.7.4 DAS 64
2.7.5 Carrier Wi-Fi 64
2.8 Mobile Core 65
2.8.1 Mobile Core Trends & Developments 65
2.9 Mobile Backhaul & Fronthaul 67
2.9.1 Mobile Backhaul & Fronthaul Trends & Developments 68

3 Chapter 1.3: Market Drivers, Barriers & Risks 69
3.1 Market Drivers 69
3.1.1 Mobile Subscriptions Growth 69
3.1.2 Smartphone & Tablet Proliferation 70
3.1.3 Growing Penetration of Mobile Broadband 70
3.1.4 Mobile Data Traffic Growth 71
3.1.5 Interest from Vertical Markets 72
3.1.6 Reducing the TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) 73
3.1.7 Replacement of Legacy Infrastructure: Continued Growth in Transport Networking 74
3.1.8 Advances in Spectrum Flexibility & Carrier Aggregation: Driving HetNet Deployments 75
3.1.9 Strategic Choice for CDMA & WiMAX Operators: Join Mainstream Ecosystem 75
3.1.10 Addressing Legacy Network Congestion 75
3.1.11 Bringing Broadband to the Masses 76
3.1.12 Trend Summary: Which Segments of the Wireless Infrastructure Market Will Witness Growth? 76
3.2 Barriers & Risks 76
3.2.1 CapEx Commitments 76
3.2.2 Spectrum Scarcity 77
3.2.3 RAN Sharing: A Concept Embraced by Mobile Operators 77
3.2.4 Operators Are Finding Innovative Ways to Address Capacity Issues 77
3.2.5 Social, Political, Economic and Environmental Threats 78
3.2.6 Country Specific Risks 78
3.3 Key Strategic Options for Mobile Operators 79
3.4 Business Case for Investments in New and Existing Technologies 79
3.4.1 Gain Operational Efficiencies Through Strategic Investments 79
3.4.2 Invest in Capacity for Increased Revenue Opportunities 80
3.4.3 Deliver Best User Experience 80
3.4.4 Reduce Competitive Threats 80
3.4.5 Reserve Network Capacity the M2M Opportunities 81
3.4.6 Increase Customer Satisfaction 81
3.4.7 Capitalize on Differentiation Strategies 81
3.4.8 Evolve Towards the Next Generation 82

4 Chapter 1.4: Mobile Network CapEx Review 83
4.1 Global Mobile Network CapEx 83
4.2 Regional Split 84
4.3 Key Operator Commitments 85
4.3.1 China Mobile 86
4.3.2 China Unicom 86
4.3.3 AT&T Mobility 87
4.3.4 Vodafone Group 87
4.3.5 Verizon Wireless 88
4.3.6 China Telecom 88
4.3.7 NTT DoCoMo 89
4.3.8 Sprint Corporation 89
4.3.9 SoftBank Corporation 90
4.3.10 T-Mobile USA 90
4.3.11 KDDI 91
4.3.12 DT (Deutsche Telekom) 91
4.3.13 MTS (Mobile TeleSystems) 92
4.3.14 Orange 92
4.3.15 Telenor Group 93
4.3.16 SK Telecom 93
4.3.17 Vivo 94
4.3.18 TIM Brazil 94
4.3.19 LG Uplus 95
4.3.20 Telkomsel 95
4.3.21 Megafon 96
4.3.22 Bharti Airtel 96
4.3.23 Movistar Venezuela 97
4.3.24 TIM (Telecom Italia Mobile) 97
4.3.25 Vimpelcom 98
4.4 Asia Pacific Mobile Network CapEx 98
4.5 Eastern Europe Mobile Network CapEx 99
4.6 Latin & Central America Mobile Network CapEx 100
4.7 Middle East & Africa Mobile Network CapEx 101
4.8 North America Mobile Network CapEx 102
4.9 Western Europe Mobile Network CapEx 103

5 Chapter 1.5: Mobile Network Subscriptions & Service Revenue Review 104
5.1 Global Mobile Network Subscriptions 104
5.2 Global Mobile Network Service Revenue 105
5.3 Segmentation by Technology 106
5.3.1 2G & 3G 107
5.3.2 FDD LTE 108
5.3.3 TD-LTE 109
5.3.4 WiMAX 110
5.3.5 5G 111
5.4 Regional Split 112
5.5 Asia Pacific 113
5.6 Eastern Europe 114
5.7 Latin & Central America 115
5.8 Middle East & Africa 116
5.9 North America 117
5.10 Western Europe 118

6 Chapter 1.6: Wireless Network Deployment Strategies 119
6.1 Antenna & RAN Strategies 119
6.1.1 Single RAN vs. Overlay Deployment 119
6.1.2 Adopting an RRH and FTTA Design 120
6.1.3 Migrating Towards C-RAN Architecture 121
6.1.4 Optimal Antenna Selection 122
6.1.5 Interference Limitation Strategies 122
6.1.6 Managing Co-Existence with Legacy 2G/3G RF Sites 122
6.2 Mobile Core Strategies 123
6.2.1 Integration of Functions & Virtualization 123
6.2.2 Deployment Architecture Choices 123
6.2.3 Supporting Legacy Networks 124
6.2.4 Integration with IMS 124
6.2.5 Embedding DPI for Policy Enforcement & Network Optimization 124
6.3 Backhaul & Fronthaul Strategies 125
6.3.1 Architectural Impact of X2 Interface 125
6.3.2 LTE-Advanced Requirements 125
6.3.3 Growing Backhaul Capacity & Latency Requirements 126
6.3.4 IPsec 126
6.3.5 Technology Options: Fiber, Microwave & Millimeter Wave 127
6.3.6 Developing a HetNet Backhaul Strategy 127
6.3.7 Synchronization and Timing 127
6.3.8 Transport Network Sharing 128
6.3.9 Fronthaul Options: Alternatives to Dedicated Fiber 128

7 Chapter 1.7: Industry Roadmap & Value Chain 129
7.1 Industry Roadmap 129
7.1.1 2016 - 2020: Large Scale LTE & HetNet Infrastructure Rollouts 129
7.1.2 2020 - 2025: The Cloud RAN Era - Moving Towards C-RAN and Virtualization 130
7.1.3 2025 - 2030: Continued Investments with 5G Network Rollouts 131
7.2 Value Chain 132
7.3 Embedded Technology Ecosystem 132
7.3.1 Chipset Developers 132
7.3.2 Embedded Component/Software Providers 132
7.4 RAN Ecosystem 134
7.4.1 Macrocell RAN OEMs 134
7.4.2 Pure-Play Small Cell OEMs 134
7.4.3 Wi-Fi Access Point OEMs 134
7.4.4 DAS & Repeater Solution Providers 135
7.4.5 C-RAN Solution Providers 135
7.4.6 Other Technology Providers 135
7.5 Transport Networking Ecosystem 135
7.5.1 Backhaul & Fronthaul Solution Providers 135
7.6 Mobile Core Ecosystem 136
7.6.1 Mobile Core Solution Providers 136
7.7 Connectivity Ecosystem 136
7.7.1 Mobile Operators 136
7.7.2 Wi-Fi Connectivity Providers 136
7.7.3 SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service) Providers 137
7.8 SON Ecosystem 137
7.8.1 SON Solution Providers 137
7.9 SDN & NFV Ecosystem 137
7.9.1 SDN & NFV Providers 137

8 Chapter 1.8: Vendor Landscape 138
8.1 Vendor Outlook 138
8.1.1 Pricing & Growth Sustainability 138
8.1.2 Portfolio Diversification 138
8.2 Vendor Ranking 139
8.2.1 Macrocell RAN 139
8.2.2 Mobile Core 140
8.2.3 Small Cells 140
8.2.4 Carrier Wi-Fi 141
8.2.5 C-RAN 141
8.2.6 DAS 142
8.2.7 Backhaul & Fronthaul 142

9 Chapter 1.9: Wireless Network Infrastructure Incumbents 143
9.1 Cisco Systems 143
9.2 Ericsson 144
9.3 Fujitsu 146
9.4 Hitachi 147
9.5 Huawei 148
9.6 NEC Corporation 149
9.7 Nokia Networks & Alcatel-Lucent 150
9.8 Samsung Electronics 153
9.9 ZTE 155

10 Chapter 1.10: Macrocell RAN, Small Cell, C-RAN & Mobile Core Specialists 157
10.1 Accelleran 157
10.2 Adax 158
10.3 ADB 159
10.4 Affirmed Networks 160
10.5 Airspan Networks 161
10.6 Alpha Networks 162
10.7 Altiostar Networks 163
10.8 Arcadyan Technology Corporation 164
10.9 Argela 165
10.10 ARItel 166
10.11 Artemis Networks 167
10.12 Askey Computer Corporation 168
10.13 ASOCS 169
10.14 Athonet 170
10.15 Athena Wireless Communications (Google) 171
10.16 Axxcelera Broadband Wireless (Moseley Associates) 172
10.17 Brocade Communications Systems 173
10.18 Casa Systems 174
10.19 CCI (Competitive Companies, Inc.) 175
10.20 Contela 176
10.21 CS Corporation 177
10.22 Datang Mobile 178
10.23 Dongwon T&I 179
10.24 Femtel (Suzhou Femtel Communications) 180
10.25 Gemtek Technology Company 181
10.26 GENBAND 182
10.27 GWT (Global Wireless Technologies) 183
10.28 HP (Hewlett-Packard) 184
10.29 ip.access 185
10.30 Juni Global 186
10.31 Juniper Networks 187
10.32 Lemko 188
10.33 LGS Innovations 189
10.34 Mitel Networks Corporation 190
10.35 New Postcom Equipment Company 191
10.36 NewNet Communication Technologies 192
10.37 Nutaq 193
10.38 Oceus Networks 194
10.39 Panda Electronics (Nanjing Panda Electronics Company) 195
10.40 Parallel Wireless 196
10.41 Polaris Networks 197
10.42 Potevio (China Potevio Company) 198
10.43 Quanta Computer 199
10.44 Qucell 200
10.45 Quortus 201
10.46 Redline Communications 202
10.47 Sagemcom 203
10.48 Samji Electronics Company 204
10.49 SerComm Corporation 205
10.50 SK Telesys 206
10.51 SpiderCloud Wireless 207
10.52 Star Solutions 209
10.53 Sunnada (Fujian Sunnada Communication Company) 210
10.54 Taqua 211
10.55 Tecom 212
10.56 TEKTELIC Communications 213
10.57 Telum 214
10.58 Telrad Networks 215
10.59 WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation) 216
10.60 Z-Com (ZDC Wireless) 217

11 Chapter 1.11: Antenna, DAS & Repeater Solution Specialists 218
11.1 AceAxis 218
11.2 ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies) 218
11.3 Affarii Technologies 219
11.4 American Tower Corporation 219
11.5 Arqiva 220
11.6 Axis Teknologies 220
11.7 Black Box Corporation 221
11.8 BTI Wireless 222
11.9 CCI (Communication Components Inc.) 223
11.10 CCI (Crown Castle International) 224
11.11 CCI Systems 225
11.12 Cobham Wireless 226
11.13 Comba Telecom Systems Holdings 227
11.14 CommScope 228
11.15 Corning 229
11.16 Dali Wireless 230
11.17 DeltaNode (Bird Technologies) 231
11.18 Ethertronics 232
11.19 ExteNet Systems 233
11.20 Foxcom 234
11.21 Galtronics 234
11.22 Goodman Networks 235
11.23 GrenTech (China GrenTech Corporation) 236
11.24 JRC (Japan Radio Company) 237
11.25 JMA Wireless 238
11.26 Kisan Telecom 239
11.27 KMW 239
11.28 Kathrein-Werke KG 240
11.29 MER-CellO Wireless Solutions 241
11.30 Microlab (Wireless Telecom Group) 242
11.31 MTI Mobile 243
11.32 Nexius 244
11.33 Nextivity 245
11.34 RF Window 246
11.35 RFS (Radio Frequency Systems) 247
11.36 Rosenberger 248
11.37 SOLiD (SOLiD Technologies) 249
11.38 Sumitomo Electric Industries 250
11.39 Sunwave Communications 251
11.40 TESSCO Technologies 252
11.41 Westell Technologies 253
11.42 Zinwave 254

12 Chapter 1.12: Carrier Wi-Fi Specialists 255
12.1 4ipnet 255
12.2 ABB 256
12.3 Accuris Networks 257
12.4 Aerohive Networks 258
12.5 Alvarion Technologies 259
12.6 Aptilo Networks 260
12.7 Aruba Networks 261
12.8 Autelan 262
12.9 BandwidthX 263
12.10 Birdstep Technology 264
12.11 Browan Communications 265
12.12 BSG Wireless 266
12.13 D-Link Corporation 267
12.14 Edgewater Wireless Systems 268
12.15 EION Wireless 269
12.16 Firetide 270
12.17 Fortinet 271
12.18 Front Porch 272
12.19 GoNet Systems 273
12.20 Handlink Technologies 274
12.21 Meru Networks 275
12.22 Netgem 276
12.23 NETGEAR 277
12.24 Nomadix 278
12.25 Panasonic Corporation 279
12.26 Ro-Timak Technology 280
12.27 Ruckus Wireless 281
12.28 Senao Networks 282
12.29 Smith Micro Software 283
12.30 SpectrumMax 284
12.31 Syniverse Technologies 285
12.32 TP-LINK Technologies 286
12.33 Tranzeo Wireless Technologies 287
12.34 Ubiquiti Networks 288
12.35 WeFi 289
12.36 Zebra Technologies Corporation 290
12.37 ZyXEL 291

13 Chapter 1.13: Enabling Technology Providers 292
13.1 6WIND 292
13.2 Ablaze Wireless 293
13.3 Absolute Analysis 294
13.4 Accelink Technologies 295
13.5 ADLINK Technology 296
13.6 ADI (Analog Devices Inc.) 297
13.7 Advantech 298
13.8 AirHop Communications 299
13.9 AKM (Asahi Kasei Microdevices) 300
13.10 Allot Communications 300
13.11 Amarisoft 301
13.12 Amdocs 302
13.13 Anritsu Corporation 304
13.14 Aricent 304
13.15 ARM Holdings 305
13.16 Astellia 306
13.17 ASTRI (Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute) 307
13.18 Artesyn Embedded Technologies 308
13.19 Artiza Networks 309
13.20 Avago Technologies 310
13.21 Azcom Technology 311
13.22 Benetel 312
13.23 Blu Wireless Technology 313
13.24 Broadcom Corporation 314
13.25 Cadence Design Systems 315
13.26 Cavium 316
13.27 CeedTec 317
13.28 Cellwize 318
13.29 Celtro 319
13.30 Coherent Logix 320
13.31 Comcores ApS 321
13.32 CommAgility 322
13.33 D2 Technologies 323
13.34 Dell 324
13.35 Direct Beam 325
13.36 eASIC Corporation 326
13.37 EDX Wireless 327
13.38 Eoptolink Technology 328
13.39 ERCOM 329
13.40 EXFO 330
13.41 Federated Wireless 331
13.42 Faraday Technology Corporation 332
13.43 Finisar Corporation 333
13.44 GigaLight (Shenzhen Gigalight Technology Company) 334
13.45 GlobalFoundaries 335
13.46 Hisense (Hisense Broadband Multimedia Technology) 336
13.47 HG Genuine 337
13.48 IDT (Integrated Device Technology) 338
13.49 IMEC International 339
13.50 InfoVista 340
13.51 InnoLight Technology Corporation 341
13.52 Intel Corporation 342
13.53 InterDigital 343
13.54 iPosi 344
13.55 Ixia 345
13.56 Keysight Technologies 346
13.57 Kumu Networks 347
13.58 Lattice Semiconductor 348
13.59 Lime Microsystems 349
13.60 Lumentum 350
13.61 Macom (M/A-COM Technology Solutions) 351
13.62 Maxim Integrated 352
13.63 Mellanox Technologies 353
13.64 Microsemi Corporation 353
13.65 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 354
13.66 Mobiveil 355
13.67 Molex 356
13.68 Nash Technologies 357
13.69 NetScout Systems 358
13.70 Node-H 359
13.71 Nomor Research 360
13.72 NXP Semiconductors 361
13.73 OE Solutions 362
13.74 Octasic 363
13.75 Optulink 364
13.76 P.I. Works 365
13.77 Pletronics 366
13.78 PMC-Sierra 367
13.79 Procera Networks 368
13.80 Public Wireless 369
13.81 Qualcomm 370
13.82 Qulsar 371
13.83 QEOS 372
13.84 Qwilt 373
13.85 RADCOM 374
13.86 Radisys Corporation 375
13.87 Rakon 376
13.88 Red Hat 377
13.89 Reverb Networks 378
13.90 RF DSP 379
13.91 Saguna Networks 380
13.92 SAI Technology 381
13.93 Sarokal Test Systems 382
13.94 Silicon Labs 383
13.95 Sistelbanda 384
13.96 Source Photonics 385
13.97 Tata Elxsi 386
13.98 TEOCO Corporation 387
13.99 TI (Texas Instruments) 388
13.100 Tulinx 389
13.101 U-blox 390
13.102 Vectron International 391
13.103 Viavi Solutions 392
13.104 VPIsystems 393
13.105 WiPro 394
13.106 XCellAir 395
13.107 Xelic 396
13.108 Xilinx 397

14 Chapter 1.14: Mobile Backhaul & Fronthaul Vendors 398
14.1 3Roam 398
14.2 4RF 398
14.3 Accedian Networks 399
14.4 Actelis Networks 400
14.5 Actiontec 400
14.6 Actus Networks 400
14.7 ADTRAN 401
14.8 ADVA Optical Networking 402
14.9 Advantech Wireless 402
14.10 ALAXALA Networks 403
14.11 Albis Technologies 403
14.12 ALCOMA 403
14.13 Allied Data Technologies 404
14.14 Allied Telesis 404
14.15 Aquantia 404
14.16 Arris 405
14.17 Avanti Communications 405
14.18 Aviat Networks 406
14.19 AVM 407
14.20 BLiNQ Networks 407
14.21 BluWan 408
14.22 BridgeWave Communications 409
14.23 BTI Systems 410
14.24 CableFree Solutions 410
14.25 Calix 411
14.26 Cambium Networks 411
14.27 Canoga Perkins 412
14.28 Carlson Wireless Technologies 412
14.29 CBNL (Cambridge Broadband Networks Ltd.) 413
14.30 CCS (Cambridge Communication Systems) 414
14.31 Ceragon 414
14.32 Cielo Networks 415
14.33 Ciena Corporation 415
14.34 Comtrend 416
14.35 Corecess 417
14.36 Coriant 417
14.37 DASAN Networks 418
14.38 DragonWave 419
14.39 E-Band Communications (Moseley Associates) 420
14.40 EBlink 421
14.41 ECI Telecom 422
14.42 Elva-1 422
14.43 Exalt Communications 423
14.44 Extreme Networks 424
14.45 FastBack Networks 425
14.46 Fiberhome Technologies 426
14.47 FibroLan 426
14.48 Genmix Technology 427
14.49 Gilat Satellite Networks 427
14.50 HFR 428
14.51 Huahuan 428
14.52 Hughes Network Systems 429
14.53 HXI 429
14.54 iDirect 430
14.55 Infinera 431
14.56 Intracom Telecom 432
14.57 IPITEK 433
14.58 Iskratel 433
14.59 KEYMILE 433
14.60 LightPointe Communications 434
14.61 Loea Corporation 435
14.62 MAX4G 435
14.63 Microwave Networks 436
14.64 MIMOtech 437
14.65 MRV Communications 438
14.66 Nexcomm Systems 438
14.67 NexxComm Wireless 438
14.68 Omnitron Systems 439
14.69 OneAccess Networks 439
14.70 Polewall 439
14.71 Positron 440
14.72 Proxim Wireless Corporation 440
14.73 RACOM 441
14.74 RAD Data Communications 441
14.75 RADWIN 442
14.76 SAF Tehnika 443
14.77 SIAE Microelectronics (SIAE Microelectronica) 443
14.78 Siklu 444
14.79 SkyFiber 445
14.80 SMC Networks 445
14.81 Solectek 445
14.82 Star Microwave 446
14.83 Tarana Wireless 446
14.84 Telco Systems 447
14.85 Tellion 448
14.86 Tellumat 448
14.87 Telsey 448
14.88 Tilgin 448
14.89 Trango Systems 449
14.90 Ubiquoss 449
14.91 UTStarcom 449
14.92 Vubiq Networks 450
14.93 Wave1 450
14.94 Wavesight 451
14.95 Xavi Technologies 451
14.96 Yamaha Corporation 451
14.97 Zhone Technologies 452

15 Chapter 1.15: Global Market Analysis & Forecasts 453
15.1 Market Definition 453
15.2 Decomposing the Global Wireless Network Infrastructure Market 453
15.3 Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core 456
15.4 Macrocells 457
15.4.1 Segmentation by Air Interface Technology 458
15.4.1.1 2G & 3G 459
15.4.1.2 FDD LTE 461
15.4.1.3 TD-LTE 462
15.4.1.4 WiMAX 463
15.4.1.5 5G 464
15.5 Mobile Core 465
15.5.1 Segmentation by Technology 465
15.5.1.1 3G Packet Core 466
15.5.1.2 HLR 466
15.5.1.3 MSS 467
15.5.1.4 LTE EPC 467
15.5.1.5 WiMAX 468
15.5.1.6 5G 468
15.6 Mobile Backhaul 469
15.6.1 Segmentation by Technology 469
15.6.1.1 Ethernet 470
15.6.1.2 Microwave & Millimeter Wave 470
15.6.1.3 Satellite 471
15.6.1.4 WDM 471
15.6.1.5 PON 472
15.6.1.6 Others 472
15.7 Small Cells 473
15.7.1 Segmentation by Use Case 474
15.7.1.1 Residential 475
15.7.1.2 Enterprise 476
15.7.1.3 Urban 477
15.7.1.4 Rural & Suburban 478
15.7.2 Segmentation by Form Factor 479
15.7.2.1 Femtocells 480
15.7.2.2 Picocells 481
15.7.2.3 Microcells 482
15.7.3 Segmentation by Air Interface Technology 483
15.7.3.1 2G & 3G 484
15.7.3.2 LTE 485
15.7.3.3 5G 486
15.7.4 Segmentation by Deployment Model 487
15.7.4.1 Indoor 488
15.7.4.2 Outdoor 489
15.8 Small Cell Backhaul 490
15.8.1 Segmentation by Technology 490
15.8.1.1 DSL 491
15.8.1.2 Ethernet 491
15.8.1.3 Microwave 492
15.8.1.4 Millimeter Wave 492
15.8.1.5 Satellite 493
15.8.1.6 Fiber & Others 493
15.9 Carrier Wi-Fi 494
15.9.1 Segmentation by Submarket 494
15.9.1.1 Access Points 495
15.9.1.2 Access Point Controllers 496
15.9.2 Segmentation by Integration Approach 497
15.9.2.1 Standalone Wi-Fi Hotspots 498
15.9.2.2 Managed Wi-Fi Offload 499
15.10 C-RAN 500
15.10.1 Segmentation by Submarket 500
15.10.1.1 RRHs (Remote Radio Heads) 501
15.10.1.2 BBUs (Baseband Units) 502
15.10.2 Segmentation by Air Interface Technology 503
15.10.2.1 3G & LTE 503
15.10.2.2 5G 504
15.10.3 Segmentation by Deployment Model 505
15.10.3.1 Indoor 506
15.10.3.2 Outdoor 507
15.11 C-RAN Fronthaul 508
15.11.1 Segmentation by Technology 508
15.11.1.1 Dedicated Fiber 509
15.11.1.2 WDM 509
15.11.1.3 OTN & PON 510
15.11.1.4 Ethernet 510
15.11.1.5 Microwave 511
15.11.1.6 Millimeter Wave 511
15.12 DAS 512
15.12.1 Segmentation by Deployment Model 513
15.12.1.1 Indoor 514
15.12.1.2 Outdoor 515

16 Chapter 1.16: Regional Market Analysis & Forecasts 516
16.1 Segmentation by Region 516
16.1.1 Macrocells 517
16.1.2 Mobile Core 518
16.1.3 Macrocell Backhaul 519
16.1.4 Small Cells 519
16.1.5 Small Cell Backhaul 520
16.1.6 Carrier Wi-Fi 521
16.1.7 C-RAN 523
16.1.8 C-RAN Fronthaul 525
16.1.9 DAS 525
16.2 Asia Pacific 527
16.2.1 Macrocells 527
16.2.2 Mobile Core 529
16.2.3 Macrocell Backhaul 529
16.2.4 Small Cells 530
16.2.5 Small Cell Backhaul 531
16.2.6 Carrier Wi-Fi 531
16.2.7 C-RAN 533
16.2.8 C-RAN Fronthaul 535
16.2.9 DAS 536
16.3 Eastern Europe 537
16.3.1 Macrocells 537
16.3.2 Mobile Core 539
16.3.3 Macrocell Backhaul 539
16.3.4 Small Cells 540
16.3.5 Small Cell Backhaul 541
16.3.6 Carrier Wi-Fi 541
16.3.7 C-RAN 543
16.3.8 C-RAN Fronthaul 545
16.3.9 DAS 546
16.4 Latin & Central America 547
16.4.1 Macrocells 547
16.4.2 Mobile Core 549
16.4.3 Macrocell Backhaul 549
16.4.4 Small Cells 550
16.4.5 Small Cell Backhaul 551
16.4.6 Carrier Wi-Fi 551
16.4.7 C-RAN 553
16.4.8 C-RAN Fronthaul 555
16.4.9 DAS 556
16.5 Middle East & Africa 557
16.5.1 Macrocells 557
16.5.2 Mobile Core 559
16.5.3 Macrocell Backhaul 559
16.5.4 Small Cells 560
16.5.5 Small Cell Backhaul 561
16.5.6 Carrier Wi-Fi 561
16.5.7 C-RAN 563
16.5.8 C-RAN Fronthaul 565
16.5.9 DAS 566
16.6 North America 567
16.6.1 Macrocells 567
16.6.2 Mobile Core 569
16.6.3 Macrocell Backhaul 569
16.6.4 Small Cells 570
16.6.5 Small Cell Backhaul 571
16.6.6 Carrier Wi-Fi 571
16.6.7 C-RAN 573
16.6.8 C-RAN Fronthaul 575
16.6.9 DAS 576
16.7 Western Europe 577
16.7.1 Macrocells 577
16.7.2 Mobile Core 579
16.7.3 Macrocell Backhaul 579
16.7.4 Small Cells 580
16.7.5 Small Cell Backhaul 581
16.7.6 Carrier Wi-Fi 581
16.7.7 C-RAN 583
16.7.8 C-RAN Fronthaul 585
16.7.9 DAS 586

17 Chapter 1.17: Conclusion & Strategic Recommendations 587
17.1 Competitive Industry Landscape: Acquisitions, Alliances & Consolidation 587
17.2 Is Virtualization a Threat to the Wireless Network Infrastructure Market? 588
17.3 Growing Focus on Enterprise RAN Deployments 589
17.4 Vendor Specific HetNet Offerings: Disrupting Traditional Network Architectures 590
17.5 Moving Towards C-RAN Architecture 590
17.5.1 Global Deployment Prospects 590
17.5.2 From Centralized to Cloud RAN: Virtualizing the RAN 591
17.5.3 Convergence of C-RAN and Small Cells: Distributing Baseband Intelligence 592
17.5.4 Interface Options: Is Ethernet a Feasible Solution? 593
17.5.5 Fronthaul Transport: Are Cheaper Options Emerging? 594
17.6 Standardization Driving RAN & Wi-Fi Integration 594
17.7 Outlook for LTE-Advanced 596
17.7.1 Upgrades for Capacity & Coverage Boosts 596
17.7.2 Moving Beyond Carrier Aggregation 596
17.7.3 Service Revenue Prospects 597
17.8 Status of TD-LTE Investments 597
17.8.1 China Mobile: Starting an Era of Large-Scale TD-LTE Deployments 597
17.8.2 Data Offloading Opportunities with TD-LTE Small Cells 597
17.8.3 Capitalizing on Tight Interworking Between TDD and FDD 598
17.9 Outlook for VoLTE & RCS 598
17.10 Bringing LTE-Broadcast & eMBMS into Focus 599
17.11 Outlook for Unlicensed LTE Small Cells 600
17.12 5G Development Efforts 601
17.12.1 Global Deployment Plans 601
17.12.2 R&D Focus Areas 602
17.12.3 5G Demonstrations & Performance Assessment 602
17.13 Smart Cities: Wireless Network Infrastructure Vendors to Lead the Way 603
17.14 Wireless Incumbents Could Face Cloud Rivals: Thanks to SDN & NFV 604
17.15 Spectrum: Driving Continued Acquisitions by Incumbent Mobile Operators 605
17.16 Mobile Operators Will Strive for Agility 605
17.17 Vertical Market Opportunities 605
17.18 SWOT Analysis 606
17.19 Strategic Recommendations 607
17.19.1 Recommendations for Mobile Operators 607
17.19.2 Recommendations for Wireless Network Infrastructure Vendors 608

Repor 2: The HetNet Ecosystem (Small Cells, Carrier Wi-Fi, C-RAN & DAS): 2016 – 2030 – Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts

1 Chapter 2.1: Introduction 36
1.1 Executive Summary 36
1.2 Topics Covered 38
1.3 Forecast Segmentation 39
1.4 Key Questions Answered 42
1.5 Key Findings 43
1.6 Methodology 44
1.7 Target Audience 45
1.8 Companies & Organizations Mentioned 46

2 Chapter 2.2: An Overview of Small Cells, Carrier Wi-Fi, C-RAN & DAS 51
2.1 An Evolving Heterogeneous Networking Ecosystem 51
2.1.1 The Growing Demand for Mobile Broadband 51
2.1.2 Is LTE the Answer to all Capacity Problems? 51
2.1.3 HetNets: An Evolution of Network Topology 53
2.2 Small Cells 54
2.2.1 What Are Small Cells? 54
2.2.2 Why Deploy Small Cells? 54
2.2.3 Small Cell Categories 56
2.2.3.1 Femtocells 56
2.2.3.2 Picocells 57
2.2.3.3 Microcells 57
2.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 58
2.3.1 Carrier Wi-Fi Integration Approaches 59
2.3.2 Standalone Hotspots 59
2.3.3 Managed Offload 59
2.3.3.1 SIM-based Wi-Fi Offload 59
2.3.3.2 RAN Integrated Wi-Fi Access 59
2.4 C-RAN (Centralized RAN) 60
2.4.1 What is C-RAN? 60
2.4.2 Architectural Benefits and Challenges 60
2.4.3 Key Architectural Components 61
2.4.3.1 RRHs (Remote Radio Heads) 61
2.4.3.2 BBUs (Baseband Units) 61
2.4.3.3 Fronthaul 62
2.5 Cloud RAN: Virtualizing C-RAN 63
2.5.1 Leveraging Commodity Technologies 64
2.5.2 Moving RAN to the Cloud 64
2.6 DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems) 65
2.6.1 What is DAS? 65
2.6.2 Passive DAS 65
2.6.3 Active DAS 66
2.6.4 Hybrid DAS 66
2.7 Alternative Options for Offloading Mobile Network Coverage and Capacity 67
2.7.1 Macrocell Network and Spectrum Expansion 67
2.7.2 Caching & Mobile CDN (Content Delivery Networks) 67
2.8 The Business Case: Key Market Drivers 68
2.8.1 Capacity & Coverage Improvement: Addressing the Mobile Data Traffic Tsunami 68
2.8.2 Endorsement from the Mobile Operator Community 69
2.8.3 In-Building & Enterprise Coverage Requirements 70
2.8.4 Capacity Offload in Congested Urban Environments 70
2.8.5 Cost-Effective Rural Coverage 71
2.8.6 CapEx Savings 71
2.8.7 Non-Expandability of Macrocell Networks 71
2.9 Challenges & Inhibitors to the HetNet Ecosystem 72
2.9.1 Interference with Macrocell Infrastructure & Spectrum Constraints 72
2.9.2 Conflicting HetNet Offerings 72
2.9.3 Fronthaul & Backhaul Investments 72
2.9.4 Migration from Legacy Architectures 73
2.9.5 Economic Constraints & Deployment Challenges 73
2.9.6 Security Concerns 74

3 Chapter 2.3: Integration & Offloading Technology 75
3.1 Integrating Small Cells into the Mobile Network 75
3.1.1 Integration into 3G Networks 75
3.1.1.1 Iuh based Integration: Residential & Enterprise Femtocells 75
3.1.1.2 Iub: Microcells, Picocells and Femtocells 77
3.1.2 S1: Integration into LTE Networks 78
3.1.2.1 eNB Small Cell Architecture 78
3.1.2.2 HeNB Small Cell Architecture 79
3.2 Integrating C-RAN into the Mobile Network 79
3.2.1 CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface) 79
3.2.2 OBSAI (Open Base Station Architecture Initiative) 80
3.2.3 ORI (Open Radio Interface) 80
3.2.4 Ethernet 80
3.3 Wi-Fi: The Evolution from an Ethernet Extension to Mobile RAN Integration 82
3.4 Enabling Technologies for Wi-Fi and Cellular RAN Interoperability 82
3.4.1 ANDSF (Access Network Discovery and Selection Function) 82
3.4.1.1 Enabling Seamless Mobility 83
3.4.1.2 Commercial Availability of ANDSF Solutions 83
3.4.2 Hotspot 2.0 83
3.4.2.1 Discovery - 802.11u 83
3.4.2.2 Encryption - 802.11i (WPA2) 84
3.4.2.3 Authentication – 802.1x (EAP) 84
3.4.2.4 OMA (Open Mobile Alliance) DM (Device Management) 84
3.4.2.5 Passpoint Wi-Fi Certification 85
3.4.3 NGH (Next Generation Hotspot) 85
3.4.3.1 Working alongside Hotspot 2.0 86
3.4.3.2 Enabling Seamless Mobile Network Connectivity 86
3.4.4 I-WLAN (Interworking Wireless LAN) 86
3.4.5 WISPr (Wireless Internet Service Provider Roaming) 86
3.4.6 MSAP (Mobility Services Advertisement Protocol) 87
3.4.7 Wi-Fi Direct 87
3.5 Small Cell and Mobile Core Offloading Technologies 88
3.5.1 LIPA (Local IP Access) 88
3.5.1.1 Is LIPA Specifically for Small Cells? 88
3.5.1.2 Use Case Example: Local Network Multimedia Access 88
3.5.2 SIPTO (Selected IP Traffic Offload) 89
3.5.2.1 Use Case Example: Core Network Offload 89
3.5.2.2 The Downside: Is SIPTO Suitable for All Traffic Profiles? 89
3.5.3 IFOM (IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload) 90
3.5.3.1 Enabling Seamless Integration between Wi-Fi and 3GPP RANs 90
3.6 Wi-Fi and Cellular RAN Integration: Commercial Implementations to Address the HetNet Challenge 91
3.6.1 Wi-Fi Integration into Macrocell and Small Cell Base Stations 91
3.6.2 Policy Driven Control 91
3.6.3 Enabling Wi-Fi Calling: Dynamic Switching between Wi-Fi and LTE 91
3.7 Integration of SON (Self-Organizing Network) Capabilities 92
3.7.1 Enabling Plug-and-play Functionality 92
3.7.2 Enhancing HetNet Performance 93

4 Chapter 2.4: Industry Roadmap and Value Chain 94
4.1 HetNet Industry Roadmap: 2016 – 2030 94
4.1.1 2016 – 2020: Large Scale Small Cell, Carrier Wi-Fi & DAS Rollouts 94
4.1.2 2020 – 2025: The Cloud RAN Era - Moving Towards C-RAN and Virtualization 95
4.1.3 2025 – 2030: Continued Investments with 5G Network Rollouts 95
4.2 HetNet Value Chain 96
4.3 Embedded Technology Ecosystem 96
4.3.1 Chipset Developers 96
4.3.2 Embedded Component/Software Providers 96
4.4 RAN Ecosystem 98
4.4.1 Macrocell RAN OEMs 98
4.4.2 Pure-Play Small Cell OEMs 98
4.4.3 Wi-Fi Access Point OEMs 98
4.4.4 DAS & Repeater Solution Providers 99
4.4.5 C-RAN Solution Providers 99
4.4.6 Other Technology Providers 99
4.5 Transport Networking Ecosystem 99
4.5.1 Backhaul & Fronthaul Solution Providers 99
4.6 Mobile Core Ecosystem 100
4.6.1 Mobile Core Solution Providers 100
4.7 Connectivity Ecosystem 100
4.7.1 Mobile Operators 100
4.7.2 Wi-Fi Connectivity Providers 100
4.7.3 SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service) Providers 101
4.8 SON Ecosystem 101
4.8.1 SON Solution Providers 101
4.9 SDN & NFV Ecosystem 101
4.9.1 SDN & NFV Providers 101

5 Chapter 2.5: HetNet Deployment Models, Use Cases & Vertical Markets 102
5.1 Deployment Models 102
5.1.1 Indoor 102
5.1.2 Outdoor 103
5.2 Use Cases 104
5.2.1 Residential 104
5.2.2 Enterprise 104
5.2.3 Urban 105
5.2.4 Rural & Suburban 105
5.3 Case Study: Small Cells in Emerging Rural Markets 106
5.3.1 EE & Vodafone: Rural Small Cell Rollouts in the UK 106
5.3.2 How are Vendors Addressing the Market? 107
5.3.3 How Big is the Opportunity? 107
5.4 Wi-Fi Service Models 108
5.4.1 Mobile Offload 108
5.4.2 Wholesale 108
5.4.3 Other Approaches 108
5.5 SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service) 109
5.5.1 Addressing the Logistical Challenges of Small Cell Rollouts 109
5.5.2 Cost & Structural Efficiencies 109
5.5.3 How Big is the Opportunity for SCaaS Providers? 110
5.5.4 Major SCaaS Commitments 111
5.5.4.1 BT Group 111
5.5.4.2 Cellcom 112
5.5.4.3 ClearSky Technologies 112
5.5.4.4 Cloudberry Mobile 112
5.5.4.5 Colt Technology Services 113
5.5.4.6 Towerstream 113
5.5.4.7 Virgin Media 113
5.5.4.8 Zayo Group 114
5.5.4.9 Offerings from the Vendor Community 114
5.6 Key Vertical Markets 115
5.6.1 Agriculture 115
5.6.2 Construction 115
5.6.3 Education 116
5.6.4 Energy & Utilities 116
5.6.5 Enterprises 117
5.6.6 Healthcare 117
5.6.7 Military 118
5.6.8 Public Safety & Emergency Services 118
5.6.9 Public Venues 118
5.6.10 Residential 119
5.6.11 Retail & Hospitality 119

6 Chapter 2.6: HetNet Backhaul & Fronthaul 120
6.1 Small Cell Backhaul Technology 120
6.1.1 DSL 120
6.1.2 Ethernet 120
6.1.3 Microwave 121
6.1.4 Millimeter Wave 122
6.1.5 Satellite 122
6.1.6 Fiber & Others 122
6.2 C-RAN Fronthaul Technology 123
6.2.1 Dedicated Fiber (Dark Fiber) 123
6.2.2 WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) 123
6.2.3 PON (Passive Optical Network) 124
6.2.4 OTN (Optical Transport Network) 124
6.2.5 Ethernet 124
6.2.6 Microwave 124
6.2.7 Millimeter Wave 124
6.3 Requirements for HetNet Backhaul & Fronthaul 125
6.3.1 Form Factor & Environmental Hardening 125
6.3.2 Power Supply & Consumption 125
6.3.3 Installation & Provisioning 125
6.3.4 Integration of OAM and SON Capabilities 126
6.3.5 Deployment & Maintenance Cost 126
6.4 Key Issues 126
6.4.1 Backhaul Sharing: Can Small Cells and Macrocells Share Resources? 126
6.4.2 Coverage Challenges 127
6.4.3 Capacity/Peak Throughput Challenges 127
6.4.4 Will Millimeter Wave be the Preferred Outdoor Small Cell Backhaul Solution? 127
6.4.5 Is Fronthaul the Bottleneck to C-RAN Rollouts? 128
6.4.6 Is Ethernet a Feasible Solution for C-RAN Fronthaul? 128
6.4.7 Is there a Market for Satellite based HetNet Transport? 129
6.4.8 Assessing the Impact of the SCaaS Ecosystem 129

7 Chapter 2.7: Standardization & Regulatory Initiatives 130
7.1 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) 130
7.1.1 Overview 130
7.1.2 HetNet Standardization Activities 130
7.2 3GPP2 (3rd Generation Partnership Project 2) 131
7.2.1 Overview 131
7.2.2 HetNet Standardization Activities 132
7.3 Broadband Forum 132
7.3.1 Overview 132
7.3.2 Key HetNet Initiatives 133
7.4 ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) 133
7.4.1 Overview 133
7.4.2 Small Cell Testing 134
7.4.3 ORI for Fronthaul 134
7.4.4 NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) for Small Cells & Cloud RAN 134
7.4.5 MEC (Mobile Edge Computing) 134
7.5 GSMA 135
7.5.1 Overview 135
7.5.2 Enabling Carrier Wi-Fi Roaming 135
7.6 HetNet Forum 136
7.6.1 Overview 136
7.6.2 Key Programs 136
7.7 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 137
7.7.1 Overview 137
7.7.2 IEEE 802.11 WLAN Standard 137
7.7.3 Other Standards 137
7.8 ITU (International Telecommunications Union) 139
7.8.1 Overview 139
7.8.2 Focus Group on IMT-2020 139
7.9 MEF (Metro Ethernet Forum) 140
7.9.1 Overview 140
7.9.2 Ethernet Transport for Small Cells & C-RAN 140
7.10 NGMN (Next Generation Mobile Networks) Alliance 141
7.10.1 Overview 141
7.10.2 P-CRAN (Project Centralized RAN) 141
7.10.3 Small Cell Project 141
7.10.4 RAN Evolution Project 142
7.10.5 Other Engagements 142
7.11 Small Cell Forum 143
7.11.1 Overview 143
7.11.2 Working Groups 143
7.11.3 Release Program 145
7.12 WBA (Wireless Broadband Alliance) 145
7.12.1 Overview 145
7.12.2 Next Generation Wi-Fi Program for Mobile Operators 145
7.12.3 Other Programs 146
7.13 Wi-Fi Alliance 146
7.13.1 Overview 146
7.13.2 Hotspot 2.0 & Passpoint Certification Program 147
7.13.3 Other Programs 147
7.14 WiMAX Forum 148
7.14.1 Overview 148
7.14.2 WiMAX Small Cells 148

8 Chapter 2.8: Mobile Operator Case Studies 149
8.1 América Móvil Group 149
8.1.1 Overview 149
8.1.2 Key Vendors 149
8.1.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 149
8.2 AT&T Mobility 150
8.2.1 Overview 150
8.2.2 Key Vendors 150
8.2.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 150
8.3 Bharti Airtel 151
8.3.1 Overview 151
8.3.2 Key Vendors 151
8.3.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 151
8.4 BT Group 152
8.4.1 Overview 152
8.4.2 Key Vendors 152
8.4.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 152
8.5 China Mobile 153
8.5.1 Overview 153
8.5.2 Key Vendors 153
8.5.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 153
8.6 China Telecom 155
8.6.1 Overview 155
8.6.2 Key Vendors 155
8.6.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 155
8.7 China Unicom 156
8.7.1 Overview 156
8.7.2 Key Vendors 156
8.7.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 156
8.8 Chunghwa Telecom 157
8.8.1 Overview 157
8.8.2 Key Vendors 157
8.8.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 157
8.9 KT Corporation 158
8.9.1 Overview 158
8.9.2 Key Vendors 158
8.9.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 158
8.10 VimpelCom 159
8.10.1 Overview 159
8.10.2 Key Vendors 159
8.10.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 159
8.11 LG Uplus 160
8.11.1 Overview 160
8.11.2 Key Vendors 160
8.11.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 160
8.12 NTT DoCoMo 161
8.12.1 Overview 161
8.12.2 Key Vendors 161
8.12.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 161
8.13 Orange 163
8.13.1 Overview 163
8.13.2 Key Vendors 163
8.13.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 163
8.14 SK Telecom 164
8.14.1 Overview 164
8.14.2 Key Vendors 164
8.14.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 164
8.15 SoftBank Mobile 166
8.15.1 Overview 166
8.15.2 Key Vendors 166
8.15.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 166
8.16 Sprint 167
8.16.1 Overview 167
8.16.2 Key Vendors 167
8.16.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 167
8.17 Telecom Italia 168
8.17.1 Overview 168
8.17.2 Key Vendors 168
8.17.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 168
8.18 Telefónica 169
8.18.1 Overview 169
8.18.2 Key Vendors 169
8.18.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 169
8.19 Verizon Wireless 170
8.19.1 Overview 170
8.19.2 Key Vendors 170
8.19.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 170
8.20 Vodafone Group 172
8.20.1 Overview 172
8.20.2 Key Vendors 172
8.20.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 172
8.21 SingTel 173
8.21.1 Overview 173
8.21.2 Key Vendors 173
8.21.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 173
8.22 SFR 174
8.22.1 Overview 174
8.22.2 Key Vendors 174
8.22.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 174
8.23 Telenor Group 175
8.23.1 Overview 175
8.23.2 Key Vendors 175
8.23.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 175
8.24 Telstra 176
8.24.1 Overview 176
8.24.2 Key Vendors 176
8.24.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 176
8.25 Telus Mobility 177
8.25.1 Overview 177
8.25.2 Key Vendors 177
8.25.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 177
8.26 DT (Deutsche Telekom) 178
8.26.1 Overview 178
8.26.2 Key Vendors 178
8.26.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 178
8.27 MTS (Mobile TeleSystems) 179
8.27.1 Overview 179
8.27.2 Key Vendors 179
8.27.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 179
8.28 KDDI 180
8.28.1 Overview 180
8.28.2 Key Vendors 180
8.28.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 180
8.29 MegaFon 181
8.29.1 Overview 181
8.29.2 Key Vendors 181
8.29.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 181
8.30 KPN 182
8.30.1 Overview 182
8.30.2 Key Vendors 182
8.30.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 182
8.31 TeliaSonera 183
8.31.1 Overview 183
8.31.2 Key Vendors 183
8.31.3 HetNet Deployment Summary 183

9 Chapter 2.9: Wireless Network Infrastructure Incumbents 184
9.1 Cisco Systems 184
9.2 Ericsson 185
9.3 Fujitsu 188
9.4 Hitachi 189
9.5 Huawei 190
9.6 NEC Corporation 191
9.7 Nokia Networks & Alcatel-Lucent 192
9.8 Samsung Electronics 195
9.9 ZTE 197

10 Chapter 2.10: Macrocell RAN, Small Cell, C-RAN & Mobile Core Specialists 198
10.1 Accelleran 198
10.2 Adax 199
10.3 ADB 200
10.4 Affirmed Networks 201
10.5 Airspan Networks 202
10.6 Alpha Networks 203
10.7 Altiostar Networks 204
10.8 Arcadyan Technology Corporation 205
10.9 Argela 206
10.10 ARItel 207
10.11 Artemis Networks 208
10.12 Askey Computer Corporation 209
10.13 ASOCS 210
10.14 Athonet 211
10.15 Athena Wireless Communications (Google) 212
10.16 Axxcelera Broadband Wireless (Moseley Associates) 213
10.17 Brocade Communications Systems 214
10.18 Casa Systems 215
10.19 CCI (Competitive Companies, Inc.) 216
10.20 Contela 217
10.21 CS Corporation 218
10.22 Datang Mobile 219
10.23 Dongwon T&I 220
10.24 Femtel (Suzhou Femtel Communications) 221
10.25 Gemtek Technology Company 222
10.26 GENBAND 223
10.27 GWT (Global Wireless Technologies) 224
10.28 HP (Hewlett-Packard) 225
10.29 ip.access 226
10.30 Juni Global 227
10.31 Juniper Networks 228
10.32 Lemko 229
10.33 LGS Innovations 230
10.34 Mitel Networks Corporation 231
10.35 New Postcom Equipment Company 232
10.36 NewNet Communication Technologies 233
10.37 Nutaq 234
10.38 Oceus Networks 235
10.39 Panda Electronics (Nanjing Panda Electronics Company) 236
10.40 Parallel Wireless 237
10.41 Polaris Networks 238
10.42 Potevio (China Potevio Company) 239
10.43 Quanta Computer 240
10.44 Qucell 241
10.45 Quortus 242
10.46 Redline Communications 243
10.47 Sagemcom 244
10.48 Samji Electronics Company 245
10.49 SerComm Corporation 246
10.50 SK Telesys 247
10.51 SpiderCloud Wireless 248
10.52 Star Solutions 250
10.53 Sunnada (Fujian Sunnada Communication Company) 251
10.54 Taqua 252
10.55 Tecom 253
10.56 TEKTELIC Communications 254
10.57 Telum 255
10.58 Telrad Networks 256
10.59 WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation) 257
10.60 Z-Com (ZDC Wireless) 258

11 Chapter 2.11: Antenna, DAS & Repeater Solution Specialists 259
11.1 AceAxis 259
11.2 ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies) 259
11.3 Affarii Technologies 260
11.4 American Tower Corporation 260
11.5 Arqiva 261
11.6 Axis Teknologies 261
11.7 Black Box Corporation 262
11.8 BTI Wireless 263
11.9 CCI (Communication Components Inc.) 264
11.10 CCI (Crown Castle International) 265
11.11 CCI Systems 266
11.12 Cobham Wireless 267
11.13 Comba Telecom Systems Holdings 268
11.14 CommScope 269
11.15 Corning 270
11.16 Dali Wireless 271
11.17 DeltaNode (Bird Technologies) 272
11.18 Ethertronics 273
11.19 ExteNet Systems 274
11.20 Foxcom 275
11.21 Galtronics 275
11.22 Goodman Networks 276
11.23 GrenTech (China GrenTech Corporation) 277
11.24 JRC (Japan Radio Company) 278
11.25 JMA Wireless 279
11.26 Kisan Telecom 280
11.27 KMW 280
11.28 Kathrein-Werke KG 281
11.29 MER-CellO Wireless Solutions 282
11.30 Microlab (Wireless Telecom Group) 283
11.31 MTI Mobile 284
11.32 Nexius 285
11.33 Nextivity 286
11.34 RF Window 287
11.35 RFS (Radio Frequency Systems) 288
11.36 Rosenberger 289
11.37 SOLiD (SOLiD Technologies) 290
11.38 Sumitomo Electric Industries 291
11.39 Sunwave Communications 292
11.40 TESSCO Technologies 293
11.41 Westell Technologies 294
11.42 Zinwave 295

12 Chapter 2.12: Carrier Wi-Fi Specialists 296
12.1 4ipnet 296
12.2 ABB 297
12.3 Accuris Networks 298
12.4 Aerohive Networks 299
12.5 Alvarion Technologies 300
12.6 Aptilo Networks 301
12.7 Aruba Networks 302
12.8 Autelan 303
12.9 BandwidthX 304
12.10 Birdstep Technology 305
12.11 Browan Communications 306
12.12 BSG Wireless 307
12.13 D-Link Corporation 308
12.14 Edgewater Wireless Systems 309
12.15 EION Wireless 310
12.16 Firetide 311
12.17 Fortinet 312
12.18 Front Porch 313
12.19 GoNet Systems 314
12.20 Handlink Technologies 315
12.21 Meru Networks 316
12.22 Netgem 317
12.23 NETGEAR 318
12.24 Nomadix 319
12.25 Panasonic Corporation 320
12.26 Ro-Timak Technology 321
12.27 Ruckus Wireless 322
12.28 Senao Networks 323
12.29 Smith Micro Software 324
12.30 SpectrumMax 325
12.31 Syniverse Technologies 326
12.32 TP-LINK Technologies 327
12.33 Tranzeo Wireless Technologies 328
12.34 Ubiquiti Networks 329
12.35 WeFi 330
12.36 Zebra Technologies Corporation 331
12.37 ZyXEL 332

13 Chapter 2.13: Enabling Technology Providers 333
13.1 6WIND 333
13.2 Ablaze Wireless 334
13.3 Absolute Analysis 335
13.4 Accelink Technologies 336
13.5 ADLINK Technology 337
13.6 ADI (Analog Devices Inc.) 338
13.7 Advantech 339
13.8 AirHop Communications 340
13.9 AKM (Asahi Kasei Microdevices) 341
13.10 Allot Communications 342
13.11 Amarisoft 343
13.12 Amdocs 344
13.13 Anritsu Corporation 345
13.14 Aricent 346
13.15 ARM Holdings 347
13.16 Astellia 348
13.17 ASTRI (Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute) 349
13.18 Artesyn Embedded Technologies 350
13.19 Artiza Networks 351
13.20 Avago Technologies 352
13.21 Azcom Technology 353
13.22 Benetel 354
13.23 Blu Wireless Technology 355
13.24 Broadcom Corporation 356
13.25 Cadence Design Systems 357
13.26 Cavium 358
13.27 CeedTec 359
13.28 Cellwize 360
13.29 Celtro 361
13.30 Coherent Logix 362
13.31 Comcores ApS 363
13.32 CommAgility 364
13.33 D2 Technologies 365
13.34 Dell 366
13.35 Direct Beam 367
13.36 eASIC Corporation 368
13.37 EDX Wireless 369
13.38 Eoptolink Technology 370
13.39 ERCOM 371
13.40 EXFO 372
13.41 Federated Wireless 373
13.42 Faraday Technology Corporation 374
13.43 Finisar Corporation 375
13.44 GigaLight (Shenzhen Gigalight Technology Company) 376
13.45 GlobalFoundaries 377
13.46 Hisense (Hisense Broadband Multimedia Technology) 378
13.47 HG Genuine 379
13.48 IDT (Integrated Device Technology) 380
13.49 IMEC International 381
13.50 InfoVista 382
13.51 InnoLight Technology Corporation 383
13.52 Intel Corporation 384
13.53 InterDigital 385
13.54 iPosi 386
13.55 Ixia 387
13.56 Keysight Technologies 388
13.57 Kumu Networks 389
13.58 Lattice Semiconductor 390
13.59 Lime Microsystems 391
13.60 Lumentum 392
13.61 Macom (M/A-COM Technology Solutions) 393
13.62 Maxim Integrated 394
13.63 Mellanox Technologies 395
13.64 Microsemi Corporation 396
13.65 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation 397
13.66 Mobiveil 398
13.67 Molex 399
13.68 Nash Technologies 400
13.69 NetScout Systems 401
13.70 Node-H 402
13.71 Nomor Research 403
13.72 NXP Semiconductors 404
13.73 OE Solutions 405
13.74 Octasic 406
13.75 Optulink 407
13.76 P.I. Works 408
13.77 Pletronics 409
13.78 PMC-Sierra 410
13.79 Procera Networks 411
13.80 Public Wireless 412
13.81 Qualcomm 413
13.82 Qulsar 414
13.83 QEOS 415
13.84 Qwilt 416
13.85 RADCOM 417
13.86 Radisys Corporation 418
13.87 Rakon 419
13.88 Red Hat 420
13.89 Reverb Networks 421
13.90 RF DSP 422
13.91 Saguna Networks 423
13.92 SAI Technology 424
13.93 Sarokal Test Systems 425
13.94 Silicon Labs 426
13.95 Sistelbanda 427
13.96 Source Photonics 428
13.97 Tata Elxsi 429
13.98 TEOCO Corporation 430
13.99 TI (Texas Instruments) 431
13.100 Tulinx 432
13.101 U-blox 433
13.102 Vectron International 434
13.103 Viavi Solutions 435
13.104 VPIsystems 436
13.105 WiPro 437
13.106 XCellAir 438
13.107 Xelic 439
13.108 Xilinx 440

14 Chapter 2.14: Mobile Backhaul & Fronthaul Vendors 441
14.1 3Roam 441
14.2 4RF 441
14.3 Accedian Networks 442
14.4 Actelis Networks 443
14.5 Actiontec 443
14.6 Actus Networks 443
14.7 ADTRAN 444
14.8 ADVA Optical Networking 445
14.9 Advantech Wireless 445
14.10 ALAXALA Networks 446
14.11 Albis Technologies 446
14.12 ALCOMA 446
14.13 Allied Data Technologies 447
14.14 Allied Telesis 447
14.15 Aquantia 447
14.16 Arris 448
14.17 Avanti Communications 448
14.18 Aviat Networks 449
14.19 AVM 450
14.20 BLiNQ Networks 450
14.21 BluWan 451
14.22 BridgeWave Communications 452
14.23 BTI Systems 453
14.24 CableFree Solutions 453
14.25 Calix 454
14.26 Cambium Networks 454
14.27 Canoga Perkins 455
14.28 Carlson Wireless Technologies 455
14.29 CBNL (Cambridge Broadband Networks Ltd.) 456
14.30 CCS (Cambridge Communication Systems) 457
14.31 Ceragon 457
14.32 Cielo Networks 458
14.33 Ciena Corporation 458
14.34 Comtrend 459
14.35 Corecess 460
14.36 Coriant 460
14.37 DASAN Networks 461
14.38 DragonWave 462
14.39 E-Band Communications (Moseley Associates) 463
14.40 EBlink 464
14.41 ECI Telecom 465
14.42 Elva-1 465
14.43 Exalt Communications 466
14.44 Extreme Networks 467
14.45 FastBack Networks 468
14.46 Fiberhome Technologies 469
14.47 FibroLan 469
14.48 Genmix Technology 470
14.49 Gilat Satellite Networks 470
14.50 HFR 471
14.51 Huahuan 471
14.52 Hughes Network Systems 472
14.53 HXI 472
14.54 iDirect 473
14.55 Infinera 474
14.56 Intracom Telecom 475
14.57 IPITEK 476
14.58 Iskratel 476
14.59 KEYMILE 476
14.60 LightPointe Communications 477
14.61 Loea Corporation 478
14.62 MAX4G 478
14.63 Microwave Networks 479
14.64 MIMOtech 480
14.65 MRV Communications 481
14.66 Nexcomm Systems 481
14.67 NexxComm Wireless 481
14.68 Omnitron Systems 482
14.69 OneAccess Networks 482
14.70 Polewall 482
14.71 Positron 483
14.72 Proxim Wireless Corporation 483
14.73 RACOM 484
14.74 RAD Data Communications 484
14.75 RADWIN 485
14.76 SAF Tehnika 486
14.77 SIAE Microelectronics (SIAE Microelectronica) 486
14.78 Siklu 487
14.79 SkyFiber 488
14.80 SMC Networks 488
14.81 Solectek 488
14.82 Star Microwave 489
14.83 Tarana Wireless 489
14.84 Telco Systems 490
14.85 Tellion 491
14.86 Tellumat 491
14.87 Telsey 491
14.88 Tilgin 491
14.89 Trango Systems 492
14.90 Ubiquoss 492
14.91 UTStarcom 492
14.92 Vubiq Networks 493
14.93 Wave1 493
14.94 Wavesight 494
14.95 Xavi Technologies 494
14.96 Yamaha Corporation 494
14.97 Zhone Technologies 495

15 Chapter 2.15: Market Analysis and Forecasts 496
15.1 Global Outlook of HetNet Infrastructure Investments 496
15.2 Small Cells 498
15.2.1 Segmentation by Use Case 499
15.2.1.1 Residential 500
15.2.1.2 Enterprise 501
15.2.1.3 Urban 502
15.2.1.4 Rural & Suburban 503
15.2.2 Segmentation by Form Factor 504
15.2.2.1 Femtocells 505
15.2.2.2 Picocells 506
15.2.2.3 Microcells 507
15.2.3 Segmentation by Air Interface Technology 508
15.2.3.1 2G & 3G 509
15.2.3.2 LTE 510
15.2.3.3 5G 511
15.2.4 Segmentation by Deployment Model 512
15.2.4.1 Indoor 513
15.2.4.2 Outdoor 514
15.3 Small Cell Backhaul 515
15.3.1 Segmentation by Technology 516
15.3.1.1 DSL 517
15.3.1.2 Ethernet 517
15.3.1.3 Microwave 518
15.3.1.4 Millimeter Wave 518
15.3.1.5 Satellite 519
15.3.1.6 Fiber & Others 519
15.4 Carrier Wi-Fi 520
15.4.1 Segmentation by Submarket 520
15.4.1.1 Access Points 521
15.4.1.2 Access Point Controllers 522
15.4.2 Segmentation by Integration Approach 523
15.4.2.1 Standalone Wi-Fi Hotspots 524
15.4.2.2 Managed Wi-Fi Offload 525
15.5 C-RAN 526
15.5.1 Segmentation by Submarket 526
15.5.1.1 RRHs (Remote Radio Heads) 527
15.5.1.2 BBUs (Baseband Units) 528
15.5.2 Segmentation by Air Interface Technology 529
15.5.2.1 3G & LTE 529
15.5.2.2 5G 530
15.5.3 Segmentation by Deployment Model 531
15.5.3.1 Indoor 532
15.5.3.2 Outdoor 533
15.6 C-RAN Fronthaul 534
15.6.1 Segmentation by Technology 534
15.6.1.1 Dedicated Fiber 535
15.6.1.2 WDM 535
15.6.1.3 OTN & PON 536
15.6.1.4 Ethernet 536
15.6.1.5 Microwave 537
15.6.1.6 Millimeter Wave 537
15.7 DAS 538
15.7.1 Segmentation by Deployment Model 539
15.7.1.1 Indoor 540
15.7.1.2 Outdoor 541
15.8 Segmentation by Region 542
15.8.1 Small Cells 543
15.8.2 Small Cell Backhaul 544
15.8.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 544
15.8.4 C-RAN 546
15.8.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 548
15.8.6 DAS 549
15.9 Asia Pacific 550
15.9.1 Small Cells 551
15.9.2 Small Cell Backhaul 552
15.9.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 552
15.9.4 C-RAN 554
15.9.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 556
15.9.6 DAS 557
15.10 Eastern Europe 558
15.10.1 Small Cells 559
15.10.2 Small Cell Backhaul 560
15.10.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 560
15.10.4 C-RAN 562
15.10.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 564
15.10.6 DAS 565
15.11 Latin & Central America 566
15.11.1 Small Cells 567
15.11.2 Small Cell Backhaul 568
15.11.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 568
15.11.4 C-RAN 570
15.11.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 572
15.11.6 DAS 573
15.12 Middle East & Africa 574
15.12.1 Small Cells 575
15.12.2 Small Cell Backhaul 576
15.12.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 576
15.12.4 C-RAN 578
15.12.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 580
15.12.6 DAS 581
15.13 North America 582
15.13.1 Small Cells 583
15.13.2 Small Cell Backhaul 584
15.13.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 584
15.13.4 C-RAN 586
15.13.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 588
15.13.6 DAS 589
15.14 Western Europe 590
15.14.1 Small Cells 591
15.14.2 Small Cell Backhaul 592
15.14.3 Carrier Wi-Fi 592
15.14.4 C-RAN 594
15.14.5 C-RAN Fronthaul 596
15.14.6 DAS 597

16 Chapter 2.16: Conclusion and Strategic Recommendations 598
16.1 Why is the Market Poised to Grow? 598
16.2 Competitive Industry Landscape: Acquisitions, Alliances & Consolidation 598
16.3 What is the TCO Impact of HetNet Deployments? 600
16.4 The Formula for Success: Selecting the Right Combination of HetNet Technologies 600
16.5 Offloading with TD-LTE Small Cells 601
16.6 The Emergence of Unlicensed LTE Small Cells 601
16.6.1 LTE-U vs. LAA 602
16.6.2 Commercial Prospects: How Big is the Opportunity? 603
16.6.3 Mobile Operator Commitments 604
16.6.4 Wi-Fi Community Concerns 605
16.7 What are the Prospects of Cloud RAN? 606
16.8 Convergence of C-RAN and Small Cells: Distributing Baseband Intelligence 607
16.9 Accelerating the Transition to Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Networks 609
16.10 Standardization Driving RAN & Carrier Wi-Fi Integration 611
16.11 Prospects of Enterprise RAN Deployments 613
16.12 Network Visibility & OAM 614
16.13 Addressing Network Security: IPsec 614
16.14 Vendor Share Analysis 615
16.14.1 Small Cells 615
16.14.2 Carrier Wi-Fi 616
16.14.3 C-RAN 617
16.14.4 DAS 618
16.15 Strategic Recommendations 619
16.15.1 HetNet Infrastructure Vendors 619
16.15.2 Mobile Operators 620

List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Subsegments of the Wireless Network Infrastructure Market 54
Figure 1.2: IMT-2020 Development Roadmap 62
Figure 1.3: Macrocell RAN Component Segmentation by Technology 64
Figure 1.4: HetNet RAN Component Segmentation by Technology 66
Figure 1.5: Global VoLTE Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 70
Figure 1.6: Mobile Backhaul & Fronthaul Segmentation by Technology 71
Figure 1.7: Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Exabytes) 75
Figure 1.8: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic by Access Network Technology: 2016 - 2030 (Exabytes) 76
Figure 1.9: Global Public Safety LTE Infrastructure Spending: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 77
Figure 1.10: TCO Comparison for 2G, 3G, LTE and HetNet Deployments ($ per GB) 78
Figure 1.11: Strategic Options for Mobile Operators 83
Figure 1.12: Global Mobile Network CapEx: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 87
Figure 1.13: Mobile Network CapEx by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 88
Figure 1.14: CapEx Commitments for Top 25 Mobile Operators: 2015 ($ Million) 89
Figure 1.15: China Mobile CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 90
Figure 1.16: China Unicom CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 90
Figure 1.17: AT&T Mobility CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 91
Figure 1.18: Vodafone CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 91
Figure 1.19: Verizon Wireless CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 92
Figure 1.20: China Telecom CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 92
Figure 1.21: NTT DoCoMo CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 93
Figure 1.22: Sprint CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 93
Figure 1.23: SoftBank CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 94
Figure 1.24: T-Mobile US CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 94
Figure 1.25: KDDI CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 95
Figure 1.26: DT (Deutsche Telekom) CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 95
Figure 1.27: MTS (Mobile TeleSystems) CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 96
Figure 1.28: Orange CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 96
Figure 1.29: Telenor Group CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 97
Figure 1.30: SK Telecom CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 97
Figure 1.31: Vivo CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 98
Figure 1.32: TIM Brazil CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 98
Figure 1.33: LG Uplus CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 99
Figure 1.34: Telkomsel CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 99
Figure 1.35: Megafon CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 100
Figure 1.36: Bharti Airtel CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 100
Figure 1.37: Movistar Venezuela CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 101
Figure 1.38: TIM (Telecom Italia Mobile) CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 101
Figure 1.39: Vimpelcom CapEx Commitments ($ Million) 102
Figure 1.40: Asia Pacific Mobile Network CapEx: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 102
Figure 1.41: Eastern Europe Mobile Network CapEx: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 103
Figure 1.42: Latin & Central America Mobile Network CapEx: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 104
Figure 1.43: Middle East & Africa Mobile Network CapEx: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 105
Figure 1.44: North America Mobile Network CapEx: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 106
Figure 1.45: Western Europe Mobile Network CapEx: 2016 - 2030 ($ Million) 107
Figure 1.46: Global Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 108
Figure 1.47: Global Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 109
Figure 1.48: Global Mobile Network Subscriptions by Technology: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 110
Figure 1.49: Global Mobile Network Service Revenue by Technology: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 110
Figure 1.50: Global 2G & 3G Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 111
Figure 1.51: Global 2G & 3G Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 111
Figure 1.52: Global FDD LTE Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 112
Figure 1.53: Global FDD LTE Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 112
Figure 1.54: Global TD-LTE Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 113
Figure 1.55: Global TD-LTE Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 113
Figure 1.56: Global WiMAX Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 114
Figure 1.57: Global WiMAX Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 114
Figure 1.58: Global 5G Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 115
Figure 1.59: Global 5G Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 115
Figure 1.60: Mobile Network Subscriptions by Region: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 116
Figure 1.61: Mobile Network Service Revenue by Region: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 116
Figure 1.62: Asia Pacific Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 117
Figure 1.63: Asia Pacific Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 117
Figure 1.64: Eastern Europe Mobile Network Subscriptions: 2016 - 2030 (Millions) 118
Figure 1.65: Eastern Europe Mobile Network Service Revenue: 2016 - 2030 ($ Billion) 118

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