Parking Management Market by Software and Professional Services, by Solution (Access Control, Security & Surveillance, Fee & Revenue Management, Enforcement & Permit Management) - Global Forecast to 2021

Parking Management Market by Software and Professional Services, by Solution (Access Control, Security & Surveillance, Fee & Revenue Management, Enforcement & Permit Management) - Global Forecast to 2021

Table of Contents

1 Introduction
1.1 Objectives of the Study
1.2 Market Definition
1.3 Market Scope
1.3.1 Markets Covered
1.3.2 Years Considered in the Report
1.4 Currency
1.5 Limitations
1.6 Stakeholders

2 Research Methodology
2.1 Research Data
2.1.1 Secondary Data
2.1.1.1 Key Data From Secondary Sources
2.1.2 Primary Data
2.1.2.1 Key Data From Primary Sources
2.1.2.2 Key Industry Insights
2.1.2.3 Breakdown of Primaries
2.2 Market Size Estimation
2.2.1 Bottom-Up Approach
2.2.2 Top-Down Approach
2.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
2.4 Research Assumptions and Limitations

3 Executive Summary

4 Premium Insights
4.1 Attractive Market Opportunities in the Market
4.2 Parking Management Market, By Solution, 2016-2021
4.3 Top Three Solutions and Verticals, 2016
4.4 Lifecycle Analysis, By Region
4.5 Market Investment Scenario

5 Parking Management Market Overview
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Market Segmentation
5.2.1 By Software and Service
5.2.2 By Parking Site Type
5.2.3 By Solution
5.2.4 By Vertical
5.2.5 By Region
5.3 Evolution
5.4 Market Dynamics
5.4.1 Drivers
5.4.1.1 Global Focus on Seamless Traffic Flow and Reduction in Fuel Pollution
5.4.1.2 Increased Production of Vehicles Leading to Parking Concerns
5.4.1.3 Concern for Safety, Security, and Connectivity Boosts the Use of Parking Management Solutions
5.4.2 Restraints
5.4.2.1 Lack of System Integration
5.4.2.2 High Implementation Cost
5.4.3 Opportunities
5.4.3.1 Increasing Adoption of Smart Cities By Governments Across Regions
5.4.3.2 Proliferation of Mobile Phones
5.4.3.3 Utilization of Unused Parking Spaces
5.4.4 Challenges
5.4.4.1 Lack of Technologically Skilled Personnel to Operate Sophisticated Parking Equipment
5.4.4.2 Lack of Awareness About the Benefits of Parking Management

6 Parking Management Market: Industry Trends
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Value Chain Analysis
6.2.1 Solution Providers
6.2.2 Cloud Providers
6.2.3 Service Providers
6.2.4 Verticals
6.3 Ecosystem
6.4 Strategic Benchmarking

7 Parking Management Market Analysis, By Software and Service
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Software
7.2.1 Parking Information Systems
7.2.2 Parking Payment Systems
7.3 Professional Services
7.3.1 Deployment and Customization
7.3.2 Maintenance and Support

8 Parking Management Market Analysis, By Parking Site Type
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Off-Street Parking
8.3 On-Street Parking

9 Parking Management Market Analysis, By Solution
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Access Control
9.2.1 Biometrics
9.2.2 ID Management
9.2.3 License Plate Recognition-Based Automatic Vehicle Identification
9.3 Security and Surveillance
9.4 Parking Fee and Revenue Management
9.4.1 Coin-Based Revenue Management
9.4.2 Smart Card-Based Revenue Management
9.4.3 Pay-By-Plate Revenue Management
9.5 Parking Reservation Management
9.6 Valet Parking Management
9.7 Parking Fee Enforcement and Permit Management
9.8 Parking Guidance and Slot Management

10 Parking Management Market Analysis, By Vertical
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Academia
10.3 Government and Municipalities
10.4 Transportation
10.5 Recreation
10.6 Healthcare
10.7 Hospitality
10.8 Retail
10.9 Corporate and Commercial Parks
10.10 BFSI
10.11 Other Verticals (Residential, Tourist Spots, and Religious Spots)

11 Geographic Analysis
11.1 Introduction
11.2 North America
11.2.1 United States
11.2.2 Canada
11.3 Europe
11.4 Asia-Pacific (APAC)
11.5 Middle East and Africa
11.6 Latin America

12 Competitive Landscape
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Competitive Situations and Trends
12.2.1 Mergers and Acquisitions
12.2.2 Partnerships, Collaborations, and Agreements
12.2.3 New Product Launches
12.2.4 Expansions

13 Company Profiles
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Xerox Corporation
13.2.1 Business Overview
13.2.2 Products Offered
13.2.3 Recent Developments
13.2.4 MnM View
13.2.4.1 Key Strategies
13.2.4.2 SWOT Analysis
13.3 Siemens AG
13.3.1 Business Overview
13.3.2 Solutions Offered
13.3.3 Recent Developments
13.3.4 MnM View
13.3.4.1 Key Strategies
13.3.4.2 SWOT Analysis
13.4 Kapsch Trafficcom AG
13.4.1 Business Overview
13.4.2 Products Offered
13.4.3 Recent Developments
13.4.4 MnM View
13.4.4.1 Key Strategies
13.4.4.2 SWOT Analysis
13.5 Amano Corporation
13.5.1 Business Overview
13.5.2 Products Offered
13.5.3 Recent Developments
13.5.4 MnM View
13.5.4.1 Key Strategies
13.5.4.2 SWOT Analysis
13.6 Cubic Corporation
13.6.1 Business Overview
13.6.2 Solutions and Services Offered
13.6.3 Recent Developments
13.6.4 MnM View
13.6.4.1 Key Strategies
13.6.4.2 SWOT Analysis
13.7 Swarco AG
13.7.1 Business Overview
13.7.2 Solutions Offered
13.7.3 Recent Developments
13.7.4 MnM View
13.7.4.1 Key Strategies
13.8 Inrix, Inc.
13.8.1 Business Overview
13.8.2 Solutions Offered
13.8.3 Recent Developments
13.8.4 MnM View
13.8.4.1 Key Strategies
13.9 Indigo
13.9.1 Business Overview
13.9.2 Solutions Offered
13.9.3 Recent Developments
13.9.4 MnM View
13.9.4.1 Key Strategies
13.10 T2 Systems, Inc.
13.10.1 Business Overview
13.10.2 Solutions Offered
13.10.3 Recent Developments
13.10.4 MnM View
13.10.4.1 Key Strategies
13.11 Skidata AG
13.11.1 Business Overview
13.11.2 Solutions and Services Offered
13.11.3 Recent Developments
13.11.4 MnM View
13.11.4.1 Key Strategies

List of Tables

Table 1 Parking Management Market Size, By Parkingsite Type, 2014–2021 (USD Million)
Table 2 Market Size, By Software and Service, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 3 Software: Market Size, By Type, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 4 Parking Information Systems Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 5 Parking Payment Systems Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 6 Professional Services: Market Size, By Type 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 7 Deployment and Customization Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 8 Maintenance and Support Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 9 Parking Management Market Size, By Parking Site Type, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 10 Off-Street Parking: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 11 On-Street Parking: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 12 Parking Management Market Size, By Solution, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 13 Access Control: Market Size, By Type, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 14 Biometrics Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 15 ID Management Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 16 License Plate Recognition-Based Automatic Vehicle Identification Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 17 Security and Surveillance: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 18 Parking Fee and Revenue Management: Market Size, By Type, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 19 Coin-Based Revenue Management: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 20 Smart Card-Based Revenue Management: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 21 Pay-By-Plate Revenue Management: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 22 Parking Reservation Management: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 23 Valet Parking Management: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 24 Parking Fee Enforcement and Permit Management: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 25 Parking Guidance and Slot Management: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 26 Parking Management Market Size, By Vertical, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 27 Academia: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 28 Government and Municipalities: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 29 Transportation: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 30 Recreation: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 31 Healthcare: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 32 Hospitality: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 33 Retail: Parking Management Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 34 Corporate and Commercial Park: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 35 BFSI: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 36 Other Verticals: Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 37 Parking Management Market Size, By Region, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 38 North America: Market Size, By Software and Service, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 39 North America: Market Size, By Parking Site Type, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 40 United States: Market Size, By Software and Service , 2014–2021 (USD Million)
Table 41 United States: Market Size, By Software Type, 2014–2021 (USD Million)
Table 42 United States: Market Size, By Professional Service Type, 2014–2021 (USD Million)
Table 43 United States: Market Size, By Parking Site Type, 2014–2021 (USD Million)
Table 44 United States: Market Size, By Solution, 2014–2021 (USD Million)
Table 45 United States: Market Size, By Vertical, 2014–2021 (USD Million)
Table 46 Canada: Parking Management Market Size, By Software and Service, 2014–2021 (USD Million)
Table 47 Canada: Market Size, By Software Type, 2014–2021 (USD Million)
Table 48 Canada: Market Size, By Professional Service Type, 2014–2021 (USD Million)
Table 49 Canada: Market Size, By Parking Site Type, 2014–2021 (USD Million)
Table 50 Canada: Market Size, By Solution, 2014–2021 (USD Million)
Table 51 Canada: Market Size, By Vertical, 2014–2021 (USD Million)
Table 52 Europe: Parking Management Market Size, By Software and Service 2014 - 2021 (USD Million)
Table 53 Europe: Market Size, By Software Type, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 54 Europe: Market Size, By Professional Service Type, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 55 Europe: Market Size, By Parking Site Type, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 56 Europe: Market Size, By Solution, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 57 Europe: Market Size, By Vertical, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 58 Asia-Pacific: Parking Management Market Size, By Software and Service , 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 59 Asia-Pacific: Parking Software Market Size, By Software Type 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 60 Asia-Pacific: Service Market Size, By Professional Services Type, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 61 Asia-Pacific: Market Size, By Parking Site Type, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 62 Asia-Pacific: Market Size, By Solution, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 63 Asia-Pacific: Market Size, By Vertical, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 64 Middle East and Africa: Market Size, By Software and Service , 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 65 Middle East and Africa: Market Size, By Software Type , 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 66 Middle East and Africa: Market Size, By Professional Services Type, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 67 Middle East and Africa: Market Size, By Parking Site Type, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 68 Middle East and Africa: Market Size, By Solution, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 69 Middle East and Africa: Market Size, By Vertical, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 70 Latin America: Parking Management Market Size, Bysoftware and Service , 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 71 Latin America: Parking Software Market Size, By Software Type , 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 72 Latin America: Professional Services Market Size, By Professional Service Type 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 73 Latin America: Market Size, By Parking Site Type, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 74 Latin America: Market Size, By Solution, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 75 Latin America: Access Control Market Size, By Vertical, 2014-2021 (USD Million)
Table 76 Mergers and Acquisitions, 2013-2016
Table 77 Partnerships,Collaborations, and Agreements, 2013-2016
Table 78 New Product Launches, 2013- 2016
Table 79 Expansions, 2014- 2015

List of Figures

Figure 1 Parking Management Market: Research Design
Figure 2 Breakdown of Primary Interviews: By Company, Designation, and Region
Figure 3 Market Size Estimation Methodology: Bottom-Up Approach
Figure 4 Market Size Estimation Methodology: Top-Down Approach
Figure 5 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
Figure 6 Global Parking Management Market: Assumptions
Figure 7 Limitations
Figure 8 Off-Street Parking Site Type is Expected to Have the Largest Market Size During the Forecast Period
Figure 9 Top Three Revenue Segments in 2016
Figure 10 North America is Expected to Hold the Largest Market Share in 2016
Figure 11 The Global Parking Management Market is Set to Witness Growth Owing to Increased Implementation of Planned Cities During the Forecast Period
Figure 12 Parking Fee and Revenue Management Solutions Expected to Witness Fastest Growth During the Forecast Period
Figure 13 Top Three Solutions and Verticals in the Parking Management Market
Figure 14 Market By Software and Service
Figure 15 Market By Parking Site Type
Figure 16 Market By Solution
Figure 17 Market By Vertical
Figure 18 Parking Management Market: By Region
Figure 19 Evolution of Parking Management
Figure 20 Drivers, Restraints, Opportunities, and Challenges
Figure 21 Parking Management Market:Value Chain Analysis
Figure 22 Ecosystem
Figure 23 Strategic Benchmarking: Mergers and Acquisitions
Figure 24 Professional Services Segment is Expected to Grow at the Highest CAGR During the Forecast Period
Figure 25 Off-Street Parking is Expected to Grow at the Highest CAGR During the Forecast Period
Figure 26 Parking Fee and Revenue Management Expected to Grow at the Highest CAGR During the Forecast Period
Figure 27 Transportation Vertical is Expected to Grow at the Highest CAGR During the Forecast Period
Figure 28 Asia-Pacific is Expected to Grow at the Highest CAGR During the Forecast Period
Figure 29 Geographic Snapshot: Asia-Pacific is Emerging as A New Hotspot
Figure 30 North American Market Snapshot
Figure 31 Companies Adopted Mergers and Acquisitions as the Key Growth Strategy
Figure 32 Market Evaluation Framework: Mergers and Acquisitions Was the Key Strategy Adopted By the Major Market Players
Figure 33 Battle for Market Share: Mergers and Acquisitions Hold the Largest Market Share –Among All Strategies
Figure 34 Geographic Revenues Mix of Top 5 Market Players
Figure 35 Xerox Corporation: Company Snapshot
Figure 36 Xerox Corporation: SWOT Analysis
Figure 37 Siemens AG: Company Snapshot
Figure 38 Siemens AG: SWOT Analysis
Figure 39 Kapsch Trafficcom AG: Company Snapshot
Figure 40 Kapsch Trafficcom AG: SWOT Analysis
Figure 41 Amano Corporation: Company Snapshot
Figure 42 Amano Corporation: SWOT Analysis
Figure 43 Cubic Corporation: Company Snapshot
Figure 44 Cubic Corporation: SWOT Analysis
Figure 45 Swarco AG: Company Snapshot
Figure 46 Inrix, Inc.,: Company Snapshot
Figure 47 Indigo: Company Snapshot
Figure 48 T2 Systems, Inc.: Company Snapshot
Figure 49 Skidata AG: Company Snapshot

• Clinical Results in Diabetics To Be Boosted By Smart Artificial Beta Cells

For a long time, the cure for diabetes type 1 and type 2 has relied on agonizing insulin shots for patients or insulin infusion via mechanical pumps. Regarding this, experts have been creating artificial pancreatic beta cells with the he…

• High-speed Data Transmission And High Volume Needs Propel Fiber Optic Connectors Market

Fiber optic connectors are a substantial fragment of the global telecommunication industry. Optical fibers are joined using fiber optic connectors, which allow the light conduction between two consecutive optical fibers. An additional im…

• Extensive Use of Digital Technologies for Diagnostic Applications To Boost Global Optical Imaging Market

The global optical imaging system market is predicted to reach US$ 3 billion by 2024. It is expected to grow at a stable rate and will post a CAGR of more than 8% in the coming years. The growing market infiltration of digital …

• Foremost Trends In Global Pet Care Market

The global pet care market is foretold to improve in the forthcoming years as matched to the preceding years and will showcase better sales in various market segments. It is estimated that the global pet care market will grow at a CAGR o…

• China To Review Its Food Security Laws

China has arisen as the globe’s firmest developing economy. In addition, China brags about the biggest population pool in the world. In recent times, the one child policy in the republic was terminated. This is anticipated to upsur…

Global Co-working Space Market Research Report 2023

Published: 03-Feb-2023        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 95

Highlights The global Co-working Space market was valued at US$ 8531 million in 2022 and is anticipated to reach US$ 18480 million by 2029, witnessing a CAGR of 13.8% during the forecast period 2023-2029. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes. Wework is the largest producer of Co-working space, holding close to 40% of the market share. North America has the highest sales of Co-working space, with over 50% of the global ma......

Global KYC and ID Verification Market Research Report 2023

Published: 03-Feb-2023        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 97

KYC and ID Verification is the process of ensuring that current or prospective customers are who they claim to be, and aren't engaging in illicit business through the financial institution. Highlights The global KYC and ID Verification market was valued at US$ 2525.9 million in 2022 and is anticipated to reach US$ 17290 million by 2029, witnessing a CAGR of 37.8% during the forecast period 2023-2029. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimat......

Global TV Studio Content Market Research Report 2023

Published: 03-Feb-2023        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 88

Television Content means Content broadcast on television. TV studio content includes videos productions for the TV broadcast. Videos are broadcasted via means like over-the-air, satellite, cable, or internet. The video content includes news, advertisements, TV shows, trailers or Series. Highlights The global TV Studio Content market was valued at US$ 61510 million in 2022 and is anticipated to reach US$ 83560 million by 2029, witnessing a CAGR of 5.2% during the forecast pe......

Global Non-Destructive Digging (NDD) Service Market Research Report 2023

Published: 03-Feb-2023        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 97

Non-destructive digging (NDD) is widely accepted as the safest way to dig, vacuum excavation is a fast, effective and affordable excavation alternative, works by blasting soil or other surfaces with highly pressurised water and air. The pressure mimics the effect of mechanical digging, but because the water or air is focused on the target, it doesn't impact the surrounding area, underground assets or tree roots. Highlights The global Non-Destructive Digging (NDD) Service market was......

Global Online Academic English Learning Platform Market Research Report 2023

Published: 03-Feb-2023        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 103

Online Academic English Learning Platform is a professional platform that provides online academic English teaching. English for academic purposes (EAP), commonly known as Academic English, entails training students, usually in a higher education setting, to use language appropriate for study. It is one of the most common forms of English for specific purposes (ESP).The Online Academic English Learning Platform industry can be broken down into several segments, Reading Learning, Writing Learning......

Global Biostorage Service Market Research Report 2023

Published: 03-Feb-2023        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 98

Highlights The global Biostorage Service market was valued at US$ 425.1 million in 2022 and is anticipated to reach US$ 1015 million by 2029, witnessing a CAGR of 15.6% during the forecast period 2023-2029. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes. Global key players of Biostorage Service include Azenta, EPL Archives (VWR), Thermo Fisher Scientific, etc. Global top three manufacturers hold a share about 40%. North America is......

Global Proxy Network Software Market Research Report 2023

Published: 03-Feb-2023        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 102

Proxy network software is used to provide customers with rotate or static, semi-permanent network IP addresses that are used to change the perceived location of an internet-connected device or servers within a data center. According to the product type, the Proxy Network Software can be classified as residential proxies and datacenter proxies. The key players are Bright Data, Oxylabs, Zyte, GeoSurf, Soax, Apify, NetNut, Smartproxy etc. Highlights The global Pr......

Global Kids Gym Franchise Service Market Research Report 2023

Published: 03-Feb-2023        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 103

A kids gym franchise business is on the one hand very rewarding, as you make a contribution to the health and quality of life of children. On the other hand, it is always actual as parents are always ready to invest in their kids. Moreover, the necessity of gym services cannot be underscored enough because nowadays kids do not have an active lifestyle as they spend a lot of time sitting at their tables and playing on gadgets. They also consume a lot of junk food which leads to obesity. Therefore......

Global Enterprise Area STaaS Market Research Report 2023

Published: 03-Feb-2023        Price: US 2900 Onwards        Pages: 89

STaaS (Storage as a service) is a business model in which a company provides technical expertise and storage space to individuals or enterprises. This report mainly studies enterprise area STaaS market. STaaS can be used for a variety of purposes, from long-term archival storage to short-term transfers of large amounts of data. Since STaaS is a type of software defined storage, the storage capacity available to the customer can vary easily and can be expanded at short notice without the c......

We believe in "optimum utilization of available budget and resources". While servicing our clients' (your) market research requirements, we keep the same approach in focus to help you get the best value for your $$s. Ranging from the smallest feasible / required data (datasheets, data facts, SWOT analysis, company profiles, etc) to full research reports that help you make decisions, our inventory is updated almost on a daily basis with the latest industry reports from domain experts that track more than 5000 niche sectors. Need a custom research report on medical devices market? Require all available business intelligence on 3D printing industry? Exploring F&B sector of a particular country/region? RnRMarketResearch.com is your one-stop-solution to all market intelligence needs. We not only offer custom research and consulting services, we also "bundle" reports to meet your needs and help you fetch the data analysis you require for your business. Not limited to only "finding" relevant reports for you, our client engagement team dedicates its efforts to understand your "business need" and accordingly maps available research data to help you move forward. Call "your" client engagement executive any time of your day and get your questions answered in order to make the correct business decision. Simply share your research requirement details with us and let us do all the hard work to find required intelligence for you. When you add up our "one stop solution" and "dedicated client engagement" services mentioned above, you obviously know the time and effort saving you do by working with us. Working with Fortune 500 organizations, we understand the importance of being flexible for payments. Share your payment terms with us and we will surely match up to them to ensure you get access to required business intelligence data without having to wait for the payment to be done. Have questions after reading a report / datasheet bought through us? Not sure about the methodology used for data available in the research? Talk to us / Share your questions with us and if required, we will connect you with the analyst(s)/author(s) of the report(s) and ensure you get satisfactory answers for the same. Need more data / analysis / report(s) on the topic of your research/project? The RnRMarketResearch.com team is here for you 24X7 to support you with your post-purchase requirements. Subscription Offers & Packages (Get in touch with us for more details - [email protected] / +1 888 391 5441 )

• Ad Hoc
• Pay - as - you - go / Bucket Subscriptions
• Fixed Cost for #of reports
• Customize / Personalize as per your needs