Global (United States, European Union and China) Truck Racks Market Research Report 2019-2025
Table of Contents1 Report Overview
1.1 Research Scope
1.2 Major Manufacturers Covered in This Report
1.3 Market Segment by Type
1.3.1 Global Truck Racks Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2019-2025)
1.3.2 Welding Frame
1.3.3 Riveted Frame
1.3.4 Rivet/welded Frame
1.3.5 Others
1.4 Market Segment by Application
1.4.1 Global Truck Racks Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
1.4.2 Heavy Truck
1.4.3 Medium Truck
1.4.4 Light Truck
1.4.5 Others
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Production and Capacity Analysis
2.1.1 Global Truck Racks Production Value 2014-2025
2.1.2 Global Truck Racks Production 2014-2025
2.1.3 Global Truck Racks Capacity 2014-2025
2.1.4 Global Truck Racks Marketing Pricing and Trends
2.2 Key Producers Growth Rate (CAGR) 2019-2025
2.2.1 Global Truck Racks Market Size CAGR of Key Regions
2.2.2 Global Truck Racks Market Share of Key Regions
2.3 Industry Trends
2.3.1 Market Top Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
3 Market Share by Manufacturers
3.1 Capacity and Production by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Global Truck Racks Capacity by Manufacturers
3.1.2 Global Truck Racks Production by Manufacturers
3.2 Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Truck Racks Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.2 Truck Racks Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.3 Global Truck Racks Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.3 Truck Racks Price by Manufacturers
3.4 Key Manufacturers Truck Racks Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served
3.5 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Truck Racks Market
3.6 Key Manufacturers Truck Racks Product Offered
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Production and Production Value for Each Type
4.1.1 Welding Frame Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.2 Riveted Frame Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.3 Rivet/welded Frame Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.4 Others Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.2 Global Truck Racks Production Market Share by Type
4.3 Global Truck Racks Production Value Market Share by Type
4.4 Truck Racks Ex-factory Price by Type
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Overview
5.2 Global Truck Racks Consumption by Application
6 Production by Regions
6.1 Global Truck Racks Production (History Data) by Regions 2014-2019
6.2 Global Truck Racks Production Value (History Data) by Regions
6.3 United States
6.3.1 United States Truck Racks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.3.2 United States Truck Racks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.3.3 Key Players in United States
6.3.4 United States Truck Racks Import & Export
6.4 European Union
6.4.1 European Union Truck Racks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.4.2 European Union Truck Racks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.4.3 Key Players in European Union
6.4.4 European Union Truck Racks Import & Export
6.5 China
6.5.1 China Truck Racks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.5.2 China Truck Racks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.5.3 Key Players in China
6.5.4 China Truck Racks Import & Export
6.6 Rest of World
6.6.1 Japan
6.6.2 Korea
6.6.3 India
6.6.4 Southeast Asia
7 Truck Racks Consumption by Regions
7.1 Global Truck Racks Consumption (History Data) by Regions
7.2 United States
7.2.1 United States Truck Racks Consumption by Type
7.2.2 United States Truck Racks Consumption by Application
7.3 European Union
7.3.1 European Union Truck Racks Consumption by Type
7.3.2 European Union Truck Racks Consumption by Application
7.4 China
7.4.1 China Truck Racks Consumption by Type
7.4.2 China Truck Racks Consumption by Application
7.5 Rest of World
7.5.1 Rest of World Truck Racks Consumption by Type
7.5.2 Rest of World Truck Racks Consumption by Application
7.5.1 Japan
7.5.2 Korea
7.5.3 India
7.5.4 Southeast Asia
8 Company Profiles
8.1 Hauler Racks
8.1.1 Hauler Racks Company Details
8.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.1.3 Production and Revenue of Truck Racks
8.1.4 Truck Racks Product Introduction
8.1.5 Hauler Racks Recent Development
8.2 Kargo Master Inc
8.2.1 Kargo Master Inc Company Details
8.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.2.3 Production and Revenue of Truck Racks
8.2.4 Truck Racks Product Introduction
8.2.5 Kargo Master Inc Recent Development
8.3 The Thule Group
8.3.1 The Thule Group Company Details
8.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.3.3 Production and Revenue of Truck Racks
8.3.4 Truck Racks Product Introduction
8.3.5 The Thule Group Recent Development
8.4 Cross Tread Industries Inc
8.4.1 Cross Tread Industries Inc Company Details
8.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.4.3 Production and Revenue of Truck Racks
8.4.4 Truck Racks Product Introduction
8.4.5 Cross Tread Industries Inc Recent Development
8.5 U.S. Rack Inc
8.5.1 U.S. Rack Inc Company Details
8.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.5.3 Production and Revenue of Truck Racks
8.5.4 Truck Racks Product Introduction
8.5.5 U.S. Rack Inc Recent Development
8.6 Vanguard Manufacturing Inc
8.6.1 Vanguard Manufacturing Inc Company Details
8.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.6.3 Production and Revenue of Truck Racks
8.6.4 Truck Racks Product Introduction
8.6.5 Vanguard Manufacturing Inc Recent Development
8.7 Magnum Manufacturing Inc
8.7.1 Magnum Manufacturing Inc Company Details
8.7.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.7.3 Production and Revenue of Truck Racks
8.7.4 Truck Racks Product Introduction
8.7.5 Magnum Manufacturing Inc Recent Development
8.8 Texas Truck Racks
8.8.1 Texas Truck Racks Company Details
8.8.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.8.3 Production and Revenue of Truck Racks
8.8.4 Truck Racks Product Introduction
8.8.5 Texas Truck Racks Recent Development
8.9 Yakima Products Inc
8.9.1 Yakima Products Inc Company Details
8.9.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.9.3 Production and Revenue of Truck Racks
8.9.4 Truck Racks Product Introduction
8.9.5 Yakima Products Inc Recent Development
8.10 ProTech Industries
8.10.1 ProTech Industries Company Details
8.10.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.10.3 Production and Revenue of Truck Racks
8.10.4 Truck Racks Product Introduction
8.10.5 ProTech Industries Recent Development
9 Market Forecast
9.1 Global Market Size Forecast
9.1.1 Global Truck Racks Capacity, Production Forecast 2019-2025
9.1.2 Global Truck Racks Production Value Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Market Forecast by Regions
9.2.1 Global Truck Racks Production and Value Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
9.2.2 Global Truck Racks Consumption Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
9.3 United States
9.3.1 Production and Value Forecast in United States
9.3.2 Consumption Forecast in United States
9.4 European Union
9.4.1 Production and Value Forecast in European Union
9.4.2 Consumption Forecast in European Union
9.5 China
9.5.1 Production and Value Forecast in China
9.5.2 Consumption Forecast in China
9.6 Rest of World
9.6.1 Japan
9.6.2 Korea
9.6.3 India
9.6.4 Southeast Asia
9.7 Forecast by Type
9.7.1 Global Truck Racks Production Forecast by Type
9.7.2 Global Truck Racks Production Value Forecast by Type
9.8 Consumption Forecast by Application
10 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
10.1 Value Chain Analysis
10.2 Sales Channels Analysis
10.2.1 Truck Racks Sales Channels
10.2.2 Truck Racks Distributors
10.3 Truck Racks Customers
11 Opportunities & Challenges, Threat and Affecting Factors
11.1 Market Opportunities
11.2 Market Challenges
11.3 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
12 Key Findings
13 Appendix
13.1 Research Methodology
13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.1.2 Data Source
13.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.1.2.2 Primary Sources
13.2 Author Details
13.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables and FiguresFigure Truck Racks Product Picture
Table Truck Racks Key Market Segments
Table Major Manufacturers Truck Racks Covered in This Report
Table Global Truck Racks Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2019-2025 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Truck Racks Sales Market Shar by Type 2014-2025
Figure Welding Frame Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Welding Frame
Figure Riveted Frame Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Riveted Frame
Figure Rivet/welded Frame Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Rivet/welded Frame
Figure Others Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Others
Table Global Truck Racks Market Share by Application 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Heavy Truck Use Case
Figure Medium Truck Use Case
Figure Light Truck Use Case
Figure Others Use Case
Figure Truck Racks Report Years Considered
Figure Global Truck Racks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Truck Racks Production 2014-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Truck Racks Capacity 2014-2025 (K Units)
Table Key Manufacturers Truck Racks Capacity (K Units)
Figure Global Truck Racks Price 2014-2025 (USD/Unit)
Table Global Truck Racks Market Size of Key Regions (Million USD) & (K Units)
Table Global Truck Racks Growth Rate of Key Regions 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Table Global Truck Racks Market Share for of Regions 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Market Top Trends
Table Global Truck Racks Capacity by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Truck Racks Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Truck Racks Production by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Truck Racks Production Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Global Truck Racks Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Truck Racks Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (Million USD)
Table Truck Racks Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Truck Racks Value Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Global Truck Racks Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Truck Racks Price by Manufacturers 2014-2019 (USD/Unit)
Table Key Manufacturers Truck Racks Plants/Factories Distribution
Table Key Manufacturers Truck Racks Area Served
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Truck Racks Market
Table Key Manufacturers Truck Racks Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global Welding Frame Production and Production Value (2014-2019) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Riveted Frame Production and Production Value (2014-2019) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Rivet/welded Frame Production and Production Value (2014-2019) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Others Production and Production Value (2014-2019) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Truck Racks Production by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Truck Racks Production Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Truck Racks Production Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Truck Racks Production Market Share by Type in 2018
Table Global Truck Racks Production Value by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Global Truck Racks Production Value Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Truck Racks Production Value Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Truck Racks Production Value Market Share by Type in 2018
Table Truck Racks Ex-factory Price by Type 2014-2019 (USD/Unit)
Table Global Truck Racks Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Truck Racks Consumption Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Consumption Truck Racks Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table Global Truck Racks Production by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Truck Racks Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Truck Racks Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Truck Racks Production Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Truck Racks Production Value by Regions 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Truck Racks Production Value Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Truck Racks Production Value Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Truck Racks Production Value Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table United States Truck Racks Production and Value 2014-2019 (K Units) & (Million USD)
Figure United States Truck Racks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure United States Truck Racks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table United States Truck Racks Import & Export (K Units)
Table European Union Truck Racks Production and Value 2014-2019 (K Units) & (Million USD)
Figure European Union Truck Racks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure European Union Truck Racks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table European Union Truck Racks Import & Export (K Units)
Table China Truck Racks Production and Value 2014-2019 (K Units) & (Million USD)
Figure China Truck Racks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure China Truck Racks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table China Truck Racks Import & Export (K Units)
Figure Japan Truck Racks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Japan Truck Racks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Korea Truck Racks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Korea Truck Racks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Figure India Truck Racks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure India Truck Racks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Truck Racks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Truck Racks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Truck Racks Consumption by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Truck Racks Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Truck Racks Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Truck Racks Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2018
Figure United States Truck Racks Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table United States Truck Racks Consumption by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure United States Truck Racks Consumption Market Share by Type in 2019
Table United States Truck Racks Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure United States Truck Racks Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure European Union Truck Racks Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table European Union Truck Racks Consumption by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure European Union Truck Racks Consumption Market Share by Type in 2019
Table European Union Truck Racks Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure European Union Truck Racks Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure China Truck Racks Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table China Truck Racks Consumption by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure China Truck Racks Consumption Market Share by Type in 2019
Table China Truck Racks Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure China Truck Racks Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure Rest of World Truck Racks Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Rest of World Truck Racks Consumption by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Rest of World Truck Racks Consumption Market Share by Type in 2019
Table Rest of World Truck Racks Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Rest of World Truck Racks Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure Japan Truck Racks Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Korea Truck Racks Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure India Truck Racks Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Truck Racks Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Hauler Racks Company Details
Table Hauler Racks Description and Business Overview
Table Hauler Racks Truck Racks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Hauler Racks Truck Racks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Hauler Racks Truck Racks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Hauler Racks Recent Development
Table Kargo Master Inc Company Details
Table Kargo Master Inc Description and Business Overview
Table Kargo Master Inc Truck Racks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Kargo Master Inc Truck Racks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Kargo Master Inc Truck Racks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Kargo Master Inc Recent Development
Table The Thule Group Company Details
Table The Thule Group Description and Business Overview
Table The Thule Group Truck Racks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table The Thule Group Truck Racks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table The Thule Group Truck Racks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table The Thule Group Recent Development
Table Cross Tread Industries Inc Company Details
Table Cross Tread Industries Inc Description and Business Overview
Table Cross Tread Industries Inc Truck Racks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Cross Tread Industries Inc Truck Racks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Cross Tread Industries Inc Truck Racks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Cross Tread Industries Inc Recent Development
Table U.S. Rack Inc Company Details
Table U.S. Rack Inc Description and Business Overview
Table U.S. Rack Inc Truck Racks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table U.S. Rack Inc Truck Racks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table U.S. Rack Inc Truck Racks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table U.S. Rack Inc Recent Development
Table Vanguard Manufacturing Inc Company Details
Table Vanguard Manufacturing Inc Description and Business Overview
Table Vanguard Manufacturing Inc Truck Racks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Vanguard Manufacturing Inc Truck Racks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Vanguard Manufacturing Inc Truck Racks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Vanguard Manufacturing Inc Recent Development
Table Magnum Manufacturing Inc Company Details
Table Magnum Manufacturing Inc Description and Business Overview
Table Magnum Manufacturing Inc Truck Racks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Magnum Manufacturing Inc Truck Racks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Magnum Manufacturing Inc Truck Racks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Magnum Manufacturing Inc Recent Development
Table Texas Truck Racks Company Details
Table Texas Truck Racks Description and Business Overview
Table Texas Truck Racks Truck Racks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Texas Truck Racks Truck Racks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Texas Truck Racks Truck Racks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Texas Truck Racks Recent Development
Table Yakima Products Inc Company Details
Table Yakima Products Inc Description and Business Overview
Table Yakima Products Inc Truck Racks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Yakima Products Inc Truck Racks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Yakima Products Inc Truck Racks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Yakima Products Inc Recent Development
Table ProTech Industries Company Details
Table ProTech Industries Description and Business Overview
Table ProTech Industries Truck Racks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table ProTech Industries Truck Racks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table ProTech Industries Truck Racks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table ProTech Industries Recent Development
Table Global Truck Racks Capacity, Production Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Truck Racks Capacity Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Truck Racks Production Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Truck Racks Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Truck Racks Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Truck Racks Production Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Truck Racks Production Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Table Global Truck Racks Production Value Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Truck Racks Consumption Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Truck Racks Consumption Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Table United States Truck Racks Production and Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure United States Truck Racks Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table United States Truck Racks Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure United States Truck Racks Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table European Union Truck Racks Production and Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure European Union Truck Racks Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table European Union Truck Racks Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure European Union Truck Racks Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table China Truck Racks Production and Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure China Truck Racks Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table China Truck Racks Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure China Truck Racks Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Japan Truck Racks Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Japan Truck Racks Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Korea Truck Racks Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Korea Truck Racks Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure India Truck Racks Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure India Truck Racks Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Truck Racks Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Truck Racks Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Truck Racks Production Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Truck Racks Production Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Truck Racks Production Market Share Forecast by Type 2019-2025
Table Global Truck Racks Production Value Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Truck Racks Production Value Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Truck Racks Production Value Market Share Forecast by Type 2019-2025
Table Global Truck Racks Consumption Forecast by Application 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Truck Racks Consumption Forecast by Application 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Truck Racks Consumption Market Share Forecast by Application 2019-2025
Figure Truck Racks Value Chain
Table Truck Racks Distributors List
Table Truck Racks Customers List
Table Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources