Global (United States, European Union and China) Multicouplers Market Research Report 2019-2025
Table of Contents1 Report Overview
1.1 Research Scope
1.2 Major Manufacturers Covered in This Report
1.3 Market Segment by Type
1.3.1 Global Multicouplers Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2019-2025)
1.3.2 1 Port
1.3.3 2 Port
1.3.4 3 Port
1.3.5 4 Port
1.3.6 6 Port
1.3.7 8 Port
1.4 Market Segment by Application
1.4.1 Global Multicouplers Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
1.4.2 Rack Mount
1.4.3 Module with Connector
1.4.4 Cavity Mount
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Production and Capacity Analysis
2.1.1 Global Multicouplers Production Value 2014-2025
2.1.2 Global Multicouplers Production 2014-2025
2.1.3 Global Multicouplers Capacity 2014-2025
2.1.4 Global Multicouplers Marketing Pricing and Trends
2.2 Key Producers Growth Rate (CAGR) 2019-2025
2.2.1 Global Multicouplers Market Size CAGR of Key Regions
2.2.2 Global Multicouplers Market Share of Key Regions
2.3 Industry Trends
2.3.1 Market Top Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
3 Market Share by Manufacturers
3.1 Capacity and Production by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Global Multicouplers Capacity by Manufacturers
3.1.2 Global Multicouplers Production by Manufacturers
3.2 Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Multicouplers Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.2 Multicouplers Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.3 Global Multicouplers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.3 Multicouplers Price by Manufacturers
3.4 Key Manufacturers Multicouplers Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served
3.5 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Multicouplers Market
3.6 Key Manufacturers Multicouplers Product Offered
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Production and Production Value for Each Type
4.1.1 1 Port Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.2 2 Port Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.3 3 Port Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.4 4 Port Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.5 6 Port Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.6 8 Port Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.2 Global Multicouplers Production Market Share by Type
4.3 Global Multicouplers Production Value Market Share by Type
4.4 Multicouplers Ex-factory Price by Type
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Overview
5.2 Global Multicouplers Consumption by Application
6 Production by Regions
6.1 Global Multicouplers Production (History Data) by Regions 2014-2019
6.2 Global Multicouplers Production Value (History Data) by Regions
6.3 United States
6.3.1 United States Multicouplers Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.3.2 United States Multicouplers Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.3.3 Key Players in United States
6.3.4 United States Multicouplers Import & Export
6.4 European Union
6.4.1 European Union Multicouplers Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.4.2 European Union Multicouplers Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.4.3 Key Players in European Union
6.4.4 European Union Multicouplers Import & Export
6.5 China
6.5.1 China Multicouplers Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.5.2 China Multicouplers Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.5.3 Key Players in China
6.5.4 China Multicouplers Import & Export
6.6 Rest of World
6.6.1 Japan
6.6.2 Korea
6.6.3 India
6.6.4 Southeast Asia
7 Multicouplers Consumption by Regions
7.1 Global Multicouplers Consumption (History Data) by Regions
7.2 United States
7.2.1 United States Multicouplers Consumption by Type
7.2.2 United States Multicouplers Consumption by Application
7.3 European Union
7.3.1 European Union Multicouplers Consumption by Type
7.3.2 European Union Multicouplers Consumption by Application
7.4 China
7.4.1 China Multicouplers Consumption by Type
7.4.2 China Multicouplers Consumption by Application
7.5 Rest of World
7.5.1 Rest of World Multicouplers Consumption by Type
7.5.2 Rest of World Multicouplers Consumption by Application
7.5.1 Japan
7.5.2 Korea
7.5.3 India
7.5.4 Southeast Asia
8 Company Profiles
8.1 Bird Technologies
8.1.1 Bird Technologies Company Details
8.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.1.3 Production and Revenue of Multicouplers
8.1.4 Multicouplers Product Introduction
8.1.5 Bird Technologies Recent Development
8.2 Comprod
8.2.1 Comprod Company Details
8.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.2.3 Production and Revenue of Multicouplers
8.2.4 Multicouplers Product Introduction
8.2.5 Comprod Recent Development
8.3 EMR Corporation
8.3.1 EMR Corporation Company Details
8.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.3.3 Production and Revenue of Multicouplers
8.3.4 Multicouplers Product Introduction
8.3.5 EMR Corporation Recent Development
8.4 I.F. Engineering
8.4.1 I.F. Engineering Company Details
8.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.4.3 Production and Revenue of Multicouplers
8.4.4 Multicouplers Product Introduction
8.4.5 I.F. Engineering Recent Development
8.5 Mu-Del Electronics
8.5.1 Mu-Del Electronics Company Details
8.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.5.3 Production and Revenue of Multicouplers
8.5.4 Multicouplers Product Introduction
8.5.5 Mu-Del Electronics Recent Development
8.6 PROCOM A/S
8.6.1 PROCOM A/S Company Details
8.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.6.3 Production and Revenue of Multicouplers
8.6.4 Multicouplers Product Introduction
8.6.5 PROCOM A/S Recent Development
8.7 RFI Wireless
8.7.1 RFI Wireless Company Details
8.7.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.7.3 Production and Revenue of Multicouplers
8.7.4 Multicouplers Product Introduction
8.7.5 RFI Wireless Recent Development
8.8 Sinclair Technologies
8.8.1 Sinclair Technologies Company Details
8.8.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.8.3 Production and Revenue of Multicouplers
8.8.4 Multicouplers Product Introduction
8.8.5 Sinclair Technologies Recent Development
8.9 Stancom
8.9.1 Stancom Company Details
8.9.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.9.3 Production and Revenue of Multicouplers
8.9.4 Multicouplers Product Introduction
8.9.5 Stancom Recent Development
8.10 Stridsberg Engineering
8.10.1 Stridsberg Engineering Company Details
8.10.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.10.3 Production and Revenue of Multicouplers
8.10.4 Multicouplers Product Introduction
8.10.5 Stridsberg Engineering Recent Development
8.11 Telewave
8.12 Tron
8.13 TSL
9 Market Forecast
9.1 Global Market Size Forecast
9.1.1 Global Multicouplers Capacity, Production Forecast 2019-2025
9.1.2 Global Multicouplers Production Value Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Market Forecast by Regions
9.2.1 Global Multicouplers Production and Value Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
9.2.2 Global Multicouplers Consumption Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
9.3 United States
9.3.1 Production and Value Forecast in United States
9.3.2 Consumption Forecast in United States
9.4 European Union
9.4.1 Production and Value Forecast in European Union
9.4.2 Consumption Forecast in European Union
9.5 China
9.5.1 Production and Value Forecast in China
9.5.2 Consumption Forecast in China
9.6 Rest of World
9.6.1 Japan
9.6.2 Korea
9.6.3 India
9.6.4 Southeast Asia
9.7 Forecast by Type
9.7.1 Global Multicouplers Production Forecast by Type
9.7.2 Global Multicouplers Production Value Forecast by Type
9.8 Consumption Forecast by Application
10 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
10.1 Value Chain Analysis
10.2 Sales Channels Analysis
10.2.1 Multicouplers Sales Channels
10.2.2 Multicouplers Distributors
10.3 Multicouplers Customers
11 Opportunities & Challenges, Threat and Affecting Factors
11.1 Market Opportunities
11.2 Market Challenges
11.3 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
12 Key Findings
13 Appendix
13.1 Research Methodology
13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.1.2 Data Source
13.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.1.2.2 Primary Sources
13.2 Author Details
13.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables and FiguresFigure Multicouplers Product Picture
Table Multicouplers Key Market Segments
Table Major Manufacturers Multicouplers Covered in This Report
Table Global Multicouplers Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2019-2025 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Multicouplers Sales Market Shar by Type 2014-2025
Figure 1 Port Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of 1 Port
Figure 2 Port Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of 2 Port
Figure 3 Port Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of 3 Port
Figure 4 Port Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of 4 Port
Figure 6 Port Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of 6 Port
Figure 8 Port Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of 8 Port
Table Global Multicouplers Market Share by Application 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Rack Mount Use Case
Figure Module with Connector Use Case
Figure Cavity Mount Use Case
Figure Multicouplers Report Years Considered
Figure Global Multicouplers Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Multicouplers Production 2014-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Multicouplers Capacity 2014-2025 (K Units)
Table Key Manufacturers Multicouplers Capacity (K Units)
Figure Global Multicouplers Price 2014-2025 (USD/Unit)
Table Global Multicouplers Market Size of Key Regions (Million USD) & (K Units)
Table Global Multicouplers Growth Rate of Key Regions 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Table Global Multicouplers Market Share for of Regions 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Market Top Trends
Table Global Multicouplers Capacity by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Multicouplers Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Multicouplers Production by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Multicouplers Production Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Global Multicouplers Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Multicouplers Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (Million USD)
Table Multicouplers Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Multicouplers Value Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Global Multicouplers Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Multicouplers Price by Manufacturers 2014-2019 (USD/Unit)
Table Key Manufacturers Multicouplers Plants/Factories Distribution
Table Key Manufacturers Multicouplers Area Served
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Multicouplers Market
Table Key Manufacturers Multicouplers Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global 1 Port Production and Production Value (2014-2019) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global 2 Port Production and Production Value (2014-2019) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global 3 Port Production and Production Value (2014-2019) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global 4 Port Production and Production Value (2014-2019) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global 6 Port Production and Production Value (2014-2019) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global 8 Port Production and Production Value (2014-2019) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Multicouplers Production by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Multicouplers Production Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Multicouplers Production Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Multicouplers Production Market Share by Type in 2018
Table Global Multicouplers Production Value by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Global Multicouplers Production Value Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Multicouplers Production Value Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Multicouplers Production Value Market Share by Type in 2018
Table Multicouplers Ex-factory Price by Type 2014-2019 (USD/Unit)
Table Global Multicouplers Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Multicouplers Consumption Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Consumption Multicouplers Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table Global Multicouplers Production by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Multicouplers Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Multicouplers Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Multicouplers Production Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Multicouplers Production Value by Regions 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Multicouplers Production Value Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Multicouplers Production Value Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Multicouplers Production Value Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table United States Multicouplers Production and Value 2014-2019 (K Units) & (Million USD)
Figure United States Multicouplers Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure United States Multicouplers Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table United States Multicouplers Import & Export (K Units)
Table European Union Multicouplers Production and Value 2014-2019 (K Units) & (Million USD)
Figure European Union Multicouplers Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure European Union Multicouplers Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table European Union Multicouplers Import & Export (K Units)
Table China Multicouplers Production and Value 2014-2019 (K Units) & (Million USD)
Figure China Multicouplers Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure China Multicouplers Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table China Multicouplers Import & Export (K Units)
Figure Japan Multicouplers Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Japan Multicouplers Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Korea Multicouplers Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Korea Multicouplers Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Figure India Multicouplers Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure India Multicouplers Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Multicouplers Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Multicouplers Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Multicouplers Consumption by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Multicouplers Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Multicouplers Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Multicouplers Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2018
Figure United States Multicouplers Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table United States Multicouplers Consumption by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure United States Multicouplers Consumption Market Share by Type in 2019
Table United States Multicouplers Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure United States Multicouplers Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure European Union Multicouplers Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table European Union Multicouplers Consumption by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure European Union Multicouplers Consumption Market Share by Type in 2019
Table European Union Multicouplers Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure European Union Multicouplers Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure China Multicouplers Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table China Multicouplers Consumption by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure China Multicouplers Consumption Market Share by Type in 2019
Table China Multicouplers Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure China Multicouplers Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure Rest of World Multicouplers Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Rest of World Multicouplers Consumption by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Rest of World Multicouplers Consumption Market Share by Type in 2019
Table Rest of World Multicouplers Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Rest of World Multicouplers Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure Japan Multicouplers Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Korea Multicouplers Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure India Multicouplers Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Multicouplers Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Bird Technologies Company Details
Table Bird Technologies Description and Business Overview
Table Bird Technologies Multicouplers Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Bird Technologies Multicouplers Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Bird Technologies Multicouplers Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Bird Technologies Recent Development
Table Comprod Company Details
Table Comprod Description and Business Overview
Table Comprod Multicouplers Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Comprod Multicouplers Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Comprod Multicouplers Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Comprod Recent Development
Table EMR Corporation Company Details
Table EMR Corporation Description and Business Overview
Table EMR Corporation Multicouplers Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table EMR Corporation Multicouplers Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table EMR Corporation Multicouplers Production Market Share in Global Market
Table EMR Corporation Recent Development
Table I.F. Engineering Company Details
Table I.F. Engineering Description and Business Overview
Table I.F. Engineering Multicouplers Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table I.F. Engineering Multicouplers Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table I.F. Engineering Multicouplers Production Market Share in Global Market
Table I.F. Engineering Recent Development
Table Mu-Del Electronics Company Details
Table Mu-Del Electronics Description and Business Overview
Table Mu-Del Electronics Multicouplers Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Mu-Del Electronics Multicouplers Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Mu-Del Electronics Multicouplers Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Mu-Del Electronics Recent Development
Table PROCOM A/S Company Details
Table PROCOM A/S Description and Business Overview
Table PROCOM A/S Multicouplers Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table PROCOM A/S Multicouplers Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table PROCOM A/S Multicouplers Production Market Share in Global Market
Table PROCOM A/S Recent Development
Table RFI Wireless Company Details
Table RFI Wireless Description and Business Overview
Table RFI Wireless Multicouplers Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table RFI Wireless Multicouplers Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table RFI Wireless Multicouplers Production Market Share in Global Market
Table RFI Wireless Recent Development
Table Sinclair Technologies Company Details
Table Sinclair Technologies Description and Business Overview
Table Sinclair Technologies Multicouplers Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Sinclair Technologies Multicouplers Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Sinclair Technologies Multicouplers Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Sinclair Technologies Recent Development
Table Stancom Company Details
Table Stancom Description and Business Overview
Table Stancom Multicouplers Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Stancom Multicouplers Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Stancom Multicouplers Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Stancom Recent Development
Table Stridsberg Engineering Company Details
Table Stridsberg Engineering Description and Business Overview
Table Stridsberg Engineering Multicouplers Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Stridsberg Engineering Multicouplers Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Stridsberg Engineering Multicouplers Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Stridsberg Engineering Recent Development
Table Telewave Company Details
Table Tron Company Details
Table TSL Company Details
Table Global Multicouplers Capacity, Production Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Multicouplers Capacity Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Multicouplers Production Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Multicouplers Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Multicouplers Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Multicouplers Production Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Multicouplers Production Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Table Global Multicouplers Production Value Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Multicouplers Consumption Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Multicouplers Consumption Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Table United States Multicouplers Production and Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure United States Multicouplers Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table United States Multicouplers Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure United States Multicouplers Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table European Union Multicouplers Production and Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure European Union Multicouplers Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table European Union Multicouplers Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure European Union Multicouplers Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table China Multicouplers Production and Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure China Multicouplers Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table China Multicouplers Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure China Multicouplers Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Japan Multicouplers Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Japan Multicouplers Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Korea Multicouplers Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Korea Multicouplers Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure India Multicouplers Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure India Multicouplers Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Multicouplers Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Multicouplers Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Multicouplers Production Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Multicouplers Production Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Multicouplers Production Market Share Forecast by Type 2019-2025
Table Global Multicouplers Production Value Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Multicouplers Production Value Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Multicouplers Production Value Market Share Forecast by Type 2019-2025
Table Global Multicouplers Consumption Forecast by Application 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Multicouplers Consumption Forecast by Application 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Multicouplers Consumption Market Share Forecast by Application 2019-2025
Figure Multicouplers Value Chain
Table Multicouplers Distributors List
Table Multicouplers Customers List
Table Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources