Global (United States, European Union and China) Inflatable Sport Balls Market Research Report 2019-2025
Table of Contents1 Report Overview
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Major Manufacturers Covered in This Report
1.3 Market Segment by Type
1.3.1 Global Inflatable Sport Balls Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2019-2025)
1.3.2 Soccer Balls
1.3.3 American Footballs
1.3.4 Volleyballs
1.3.5 Basketballs
1.4 Market Segment by Application
1.4.1 Global Inflatable Sport Balls Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
1.4.2 Direct Sale
1.4.3 Distribution
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Global Inflatable Sport Balls Market Size
2.1.1 Global Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue 2014-2025
2.1.2 Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales 2014-2025
2.2 Inflatable Sport Balls Growth Rate by Regions
2.2.1 Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Regions 2014-2019
2.2.2 Global Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue by Regions 2014-2019
2.3 Industry Trends
2.3.1 Market Top Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
3 Market Share by Manufacturers
3.1 Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Manufacturers 2014-2019
3.1.2 Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Manufacturers 2014-2019
3.2 Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.2 Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.3 Global Inflatable Sport Balls Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.3 Inflatable Sport Balls Price by Manufacturers
3.4 Key Manufacturers Inflatable Sport Balls Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served
3.5 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Inflatable Sport Balls Market
3.6 Key Manufacturers Inflatable Sport Balls Product Offered
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Sales and Revenue for Each Type
4.1.1 Soccer Balls Sales and Revenue (2014-2019)
4.1.2 American Footballs Sales and Revenue (2014-2019)
4.1.3 Volleyballs Sales and Revenue (2014-2019)
4.1.4 Basketballs Sales and Revenue (2014-2019)
4.2 Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Type
4.3 Global Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Market Share by Type
4.4 Inflatable Sport Balls Price by Type
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Overview
5.2 Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Application
6 United States
6.1 United States Inflatable Sport Balls Breakdown Data by Company
6.2 United States Inflatable Sport Balls Breakdown Data by Type
6.3 United States Inflatable Sport Balls Breakdown Data by Application
7 European Union
7.1 European Union Inflatable Sport Balls Breakdown Data by Company
7.2 European Union Inflatable Sport Balls Breakdown Data by Type
7.3 European Union Inflatable Sport Balls Breakdown Data by Application
8 China
8.1 China Inflatable Sport Balls Breakdown Data by Company
8.2 China Inflatable Sport Balls Breakdown Data by Type
8.3 China Inflatable Sport Balls Breakdown Data by Application
9 Rest of World
9.1 Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Breakdown Data by Company
9.2 Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Breakdown Data by Type
9.3 Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Breakdown Data by Application
9.4 Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Breakdown Data by Countries
9.4.1 Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Countries
9.4.2 Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue by Countries
9.4.3 Japan
9.4.4 Korea
9.4.5 India
9.4.6 Southeast Asia
10 Company Profiles
10.1 Adidas
10.1.1 Adidas Company Details
10.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.1.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Inflatable Sport Balls
10.1.4 Inflatable Sport Balls Product Introduction
10.1.5 Adidas Recent Development
10.2 Nike
10.2.1 Nike Company Details
10.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.2.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Inflatable Sport Balls
10.2.4 Inflatable Sport Balls Product Introduction
10.2.5 Nike Recent Development
10.3 STAR
10.3.1 STAR Company Details
10.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.3.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Inflatable Sport Balls
10.3.4 Inflatable Sport Balls Product Introduction
10.3.5 STAR Recent Development
10.4 Spalding
10.4.1 Spalding Company Details
10.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.4.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Inflatable Sport Balls
10.4.4 Inflatable Sport Balls Product Introduction
10.4.5 Spalding Recent Development
10.5 Wilson
10.5.1 Wilson Company Details
10.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.5.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Inflatable Sport Balls
10.5.4 Inflatable Sport Balls Product Introduction
10.5.5 Wilson Recent Development
10.6 Molten
10.6.1 Molten Company Details
10.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.6.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Inflatable Sport Balls
10.6.4 Inflatable Sport Balls Product Introduction
10.6.5 Molten Recent Development
10.7 Decathlon
10.7.1 Decathlon Company Details
10.7.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.7.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Inflatable Sport Balls
10.7.4 Inflatable Sport Balls Product Introduction
10.7.5 Decathlon Recent Development
10.8 Under Armour
10.8.1 Under Armour Company Details
10.8.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.8.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Inflatable Sport Balls
10.8.4 Inflatable Sport Balls Product Introduction
10.8.5 Under Armour Recent Development
10.9 LOTTO
10.9.1 LOTTO Company Details
10.9.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.9.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Inflatable Sport Balls
10.9.4 Inflatable Sport Balls Product Introduction
10.9.5 LOTTO Recent Development
10.10 Rawlings
10.10.1 Rawlings Company Details
10.10.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.10.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Inflatable Sport Balls
10.10.4 Inflatable Sport Balls Product Introduction
10.10.5 Rawlings Recent Development
10.11 SELECT
10.12 PUMA
10.13 MIKASA
10.14 Lining
10.15 UMBRO
10.16 Canterbury
10.17 Baden
10.18 Gilbert
10.19 DIADORA
10.20 Peak
11 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
11.1 Value Chain Analysis
11.2 Sales Channels Analysis
11.2.1 Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Channels
11.2.2 Inflatable Sport Balls Distributors
11.3 Inflatable Sport Balls Customers
12 Market Forecast
12.1 Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales and Revenue Forecast 2019-2025
12.2 Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast by Type
12.3 Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast by Application
12.4 Inflatable Sport Balls Forecast by Regions
12.4.1 Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
12.4.2 Global Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
12.5 United States Market Forecast
12.6 European Union Market Forecast
12.7 China Market Forecast
12.8 Rest of World
12.8.1 Japan
12.8.2 Korea
12.8.3 India
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
14 Appendix
14.1 Research Methodology
14.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
14.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
14.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
14.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
14.1.2 Data Source
14.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
14.1.2.2 Primary Sources
14.2 Author Details
14.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables and FiguresFigure Inflatable Sport Balls Product Picture
Table Inflatable Sport Balls Key Market Segments
Table Major Manufacturers Inflatable Sport Balls Covered in This Report
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2019-2025 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Shar by Type 2014-2025
Figure Soccer Balls Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Soccer Balls
Figure American Footballs Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of American Footballs
Figure Volleyballs Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Volleyballs
Figure Basketballs Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Basketballs
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Market Share by Application 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Direct Sale Use Case
Figure Distribution Use Case
Figure Inflatable Sport Balls Report Years Considered
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Market Size 2014-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Market Size by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Market Top Trends
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2019
Table Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (Million USD)
Table Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Inflatable Sport Balls Value Share by Manufacturers in 2019
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Key Manufacturers Inflatable Sport Balls Price (2014-2019) (USD/Unit)
Table Key Manufacturers Inflatable Sport Balls Plants/Factories Distribution
Table Key Manufacturers Inflatable Sport Balls Area Served
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Inflatable Sport Balls Market
Table Key Manufacturers Inflatable Sport Balls Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global Soccer Balls Sales and Revenue (2014-2019) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global American Footballs Sales and Revenue (2014-2019) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Volleyballs Sales and Revenue (2014-2019) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Basketballs Sales and Revenue (2014-2019) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Type in 2018
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Market Share by Type in 2018
Table Inflatable Sport Balls Price by Type 2014-2019 (USD/Unit)
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Sales Inflatable Sport Balls Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Sales Inflatable Sport Balls Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure United States Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure United States Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table United States Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Company (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table United States Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Company (2014-2019)
Figure United States Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Company in 2019
Table United States Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table United States Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure United States Inflatable Sport Balls Market Share by Type in 2019
Table United States Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table United States Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure United States Inflatable Sport Balls Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure European Union Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure European Union Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table European Union Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Company (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table European Union Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Company (2014-2019)
Figure European Union Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Company in 2019
Table European Union Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table European Union Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 European Union Inflatable Sport Balls Market Share by Type
Table European Union Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table European Union Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 European Union Inflatable Sport Balls Market Share by Application
Figure China Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure China Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table China Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Company (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table China Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Company (2014-2019)
Figure China Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Company in 2019
Table China Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table China Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure China Inflatable Sport Balls Market Share by Type in 2019
Table China Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table China Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure China Inflatable Sport Balls Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Company (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Company (2014-2019)
Figure Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Company in 2019
Table Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Market Share by Type in 2019
Table Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Market Share by Application in 2019
Table Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Sales by Countries (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019
Table Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue by Countries (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Rest of World Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure Japan Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Japan Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Korea Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Korea Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure India Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure India Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Adidas Company Details
Table Adidas Description and Business Overview
Table Adidas Inflatable Sport Balls Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Adidas Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Adidas Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Adidas Recent Development
Table Nike Company Details
Table Nike Description and Business Overview
Table Nike Inflatable Sport Balls Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Nike Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Nike Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Nike Recent Development
Table STAR Company Details
Table STAR Description and Business Overview
Table STAR Inflatable Sport Balls Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table STAR Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table STAR Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table STAR Recent Development
Table Spalding Company Details
Table Spalding Description and Business Overview
Table Spalding Inflatable Sport Balls Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Spalding Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Spalding Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Spalding Recent Development
Table Wilson Company Details
Table Wilson Description and Business Overview
Table Wilson Inflatable Sport Balls Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Wilson Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Wilson Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Wilson Recent Development
Table Molten Company Details
Table Molten Description and Business Overview
Table Molten Inflatable Sport Balls Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Molten Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Molten Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Molten Recent Development
Table Decathlon Company Details
Table Decathlon Description and Business Overview
Table Decathlon Inflatable Sport Balls Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Decathlon Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Decathlon Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Decathlon Recent Development
Table Under Armour Company Details
Table Under Armour Description and Business Overview
Table Under Armour Inflatable Sport Balls Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Under Armour Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Under Armour Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Under Armour Recent Development
Table LOTTO Company Details
Table LOTTO Description and Business Overview
Table LOTTO Inflatable Sport Balls Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table LOTTO Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table LOTTO Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table LOTTO Recent Development
Table Rawlings Company Details
Table Rawlings Description and Business Overview
Table Rawlings Inflatable Sport Balls Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Rawlings Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Rawlings Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Rawlings Recent Development
Table SELECT Company Details
Table PUMA Company Details
Table MIKASA Company Details
Table Lining Company Details
Table UMBRO Company Details
Table Canterbury Company Details
Table Baden Company Details
Table Gilbert Company Details
Table DIADORA Company Details
Table Peak Company Details
Figure Inflatable Sport Balls Value Chain
Table Inflatable Sport Balls Distributors List
Table Inflatable Sport Balls Customers List
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share Forecast by Type 2019-2025
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast by Application 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast by Application 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share Forecast by Application 2019-2025
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Table Global Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Figure United States Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure United States Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure European Union Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure European Union Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure China Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure China Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Japan Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Japan Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Korea Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Korea Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure India Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure India Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Southeast Asia Inflatable Sport Balls Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Inflatable Sport Balls Revenue Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources