Global (United States, European Union and China) Industrial Jacks Market Research Report 2019-2025
Table of Contents1 Report Overview
1.1 Research Scope
1.2 Major Manufacturers Covered in This Report
1.3 Market Segment by Type
1.3.1 Global Industrial Jacks Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2019-2025)
1.3.2 Hydraulic
1.3.3 Mechanical
1.3.4 Electric
1.4 Market Segment by Application
1.4.1 Global Industrial Jacks Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
1.4.2 Automotive
1.4.3 Manufacturing
1.4.4 Mining
1.4.5 Others
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Production and Capacity Analysis
2.1.1 Global Industrial Jacks Production Value 2014-2025
2.1.2 Global Industrial Jacks Production 2014-2025
2.1.3 Global Industrial Jacks Capacity 2014-2025
2.1.4 Global Industrial Jacks Marketing Pricing and Trends
2.2 Key Producers Growth Rate (CAGR) 2019-2025
2.2.1 Global Industrial Jacks Market Size CAGR of Key Regions
2.2.2 Global Industrial Jacks Market Share of Key Regions
2.3 Industry Trends
2.3.1 Market Top Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
3 Market Share by Manufacturers
3.1 Capacity and Production by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Global Industrial Jacks Capacity by Manufacturers
3.1.2 Global Industrial Jacks Production by Manufacturers
3.2 Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Industrial Jacks Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.2 Industrial Jacks Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.3 Global Industrial Jacks Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.3 Industrial Jacks Price by Manufacturers
3.4 Key Manufacturers Industrial Jacks Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served
3.5 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Industrial Jacks Market
3.6 Key Manufacturers Industrial Jacks Product Offered
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Production and Production Value for Each Type
4.1.1 Hydraulic Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.2 Mechanical Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.1.3 Electric Production and Production Value (2014-2019)
4.2 Global Industrial Jacks Production Market Share by Type
4.3 Global Industrial Jacks Production Value Market Share by Type
4.4 Industrial Jacks Ex-factory Price by Type
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Overview
5.2 Global Industrial Jacks Consumption by Application
6 Production by Regions
6.1 Global Industrial Jacks Production (History Data) by Regions 2014-2019
6.2 Global Industrial Jacks Production Value (History Data) by Regions
6.3 United States
6.3.1 United States Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.3.2 United States Industrial Jacks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.3.3 Key Players in United States
6.3.4 United States Industrial Jacks Import & Export
6.4 European Union
6.4.1 European Union Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.4.2 European Union Industrial Jacks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.4.3 Key Players in European Union
6.4.4 European Union Industrial Jacks Import & Export
6.5 China
6.5.1 China Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.5.2 China Industrial Jacks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019
6.5.3 Key Players in China
6.5.4 China Industrial Jacks Import & Export
6.6 Rest of World
6.6.1 Japan
6.6.2 Korea
6.6.3 India
6.6.4 Southeast Asia
7 Industrial Jacks Consumption by Regions
7.1 Global Industrial Jacks Consumption (History Data) by Regions
7.2 United States
7.2.1 United States Industrial Jacks Consumption by Type
7.2.2 United States Industrial Jacks Consumption by Application
7.3 European Union
7.3.1 European Union Industrial Jacks Consumption by Type
7.3.2 European Union Industrial Jacks Consumption by Application
7.4 China
7.4.1 China Industrial Jacks Consumption by Type
7.4.2 China Industrial Jacks Consumption by Application
7.5 Rest of World
7.5.1 Rest of World Industrial Jacks Consumption by Type
7.5.2 Rest of World Industrial Jacks Consumption by Application
7.5.1 Japan
7.5.2 Korea
7.5.3 India
7.5.4 Southeast Asia
8 Company Profiles
8.1 Kumar Machine Tools
8.1.1 Kumar Machine Tools Company Details
8.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.1.3 Production and Revenue of Industrial Jacks
8.1.4 Industrial Jacks Product Introduction
8.1.5 Kumar Machine Tools Recent Development
8.2 Power Jacks Limited
8.2.1 Power Jacks Limited Company Details
8.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.2.3 Production and Revenue of Industrial Jacks
8.2.4 Industrial Jacks Product Introduction
8.2.5 Power Jacks Limited Recent Development
8.3 Larzep
8.3.1 Larzep Company Details
8.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.3.3 Production and Revenue of Industrial Jacks
8.3.4 Industrial Jacks Product Introduction
8.3.5 Larzep Recent Development
8.4 Rima Spa
8.4.1 Rima Spa Company Details
8.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.4.3 Production and Revenue of Industrial Jacks
8.4.4 Industrial Jacks Product Introduction
8.4.5 Rima Spa Recent Development
8.5 Bva Hydraulics
8.5.1 Bva Hydraulics Company Details
8.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.5.3 Production and Revenue of Industrial Jacks
8.5.4 Industrial Jacks Product Introduction
8.5.5 Bva Hydraulics Recent Development
8.6 Hi-Force
8.6.1 Hi-Force Company Details
8.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.6.3 Production and Revenue of Industrial Jacks
8.6.4 Industrial Jacks Product Introduction
8.6.5 Hi-Force Recent Development
8.7 Meyer Hydraulics Corporation
8.7.1 Meyer Hydraulics Corporation Company Details
8.7.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.7.3 Production and Revenue of Industrial Jacks
8.7.4 Industrial Jacks Product Introduction
8.7.5 Meyer Hydraulics Corporation Recent Development
8.8 Sam Hydromacs Private Limited
8.8.1 Sam Hydromacs Private Limited Company Details
8.8.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.8.3 Production and Revenue of Industrial Jacks
8.8.4 Industrial Jacks Product Introduction
8.8.5 Sam Hydromacs Private Limited Recent Development
8.9 Mobile Industries Inc.
8.9.1 Mobile Industries Inc. Company Details
8.9.2 Company Description and Business Overview
8.9.3 Production and Revenue of Industrial Jacks
8.9.4 Industrial Jacks Product Introduction
8.9.5 Mobile Industries Inc. Recent Development
9 Market Forecast
9.1 Global Market Size Forecast
9.1.1 Global Industrial Jacks Capacity, Production Forecast 2019-2025
9.1.2 Global Industrial Jacks Production Value Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Market Forecast by Regions
9.2.1 Global Industrial Jacks Production and Value Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
9.2.2 Global Industrial Jacks Consumption Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
9.3 United States
9.3.1 Production and Value Forecast in United States
9.3.2 Consumption Forecast in United States
9.4 European Union
9.4.1 Production and Value Forecast in European Union
9.4.2 Consumption Forecast in European Union
9.5 China
9.5.1 Production and Value Forecast in China
9.5.2 Consumption Forecast in China
9.6 Rest of World
9.6.1 Japan
9.6.2 Korea
9.6.3 India
9.6.4 Southeast Asia
9.7 Forecast by Type
9.7.1 Global Industrial Jacks Production Forecast by Type
9.7.2 Global Industrial Jacks Production Value Forecast by Type
9.8 Consumption Forecast by Application
10 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
10.1 Value Chain Analysis
10.2 Sales Channels Analysis
10.2.1 Industrial Jacks Sales Channels
10.2.2 Industrial Jacks Distributors
10.3 Industrial Jacks Customers
11 Opportunities & Challenges, Threat and Affecting Factors
11.1 Market Opportunities
11.2 Market Challenges
11.3 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
12 Key Findings
13 Appendix
13.1 Research Methodology
13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.1.2 Data Source
13.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.1.2.2 Primary Sources
13.2 Author Details
13.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables and FiguresFigure Industrial Jacks Product Picture
Table Industrial Jacks Key Market Segments
Table Major Manufacturers Industrial Jacks Covered in This Report
Table Global Industrial Jacks Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2019-2025 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Sales Market Shar by Type 2014-2025
Figure Hydraulic Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Hydraulic
Figure Mechanical Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Mechanical
Figure Electric Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Electric
Table Global Industrial Jacks Market Share by Application 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Automotive Use Case
Figure Manufacturing Use Case
Figure Mining Use Case
Figure Others Use Case
Figure Industrial Jacks Report Years Considered
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Production 2014-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Capacity 2014-2025 (K Units)
Table Key Manufacturers Industrial Jacks Capacity (K Units)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Price 2014-2025 (USD/Unit)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Market Size of Key Regions (Million USD) & (K Units)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Growth Rate of Key Regions 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Market Share for of Regions 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Market Top Trends
Table Global Industrial Jacks Capacity by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Production by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Production Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Industrial Jacks Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (Million USD)
Table Industrial Jacks Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Industrial Jacks Value Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Global Industrial Jacks Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Industrial Jacks Price by Manufacturers 2014-2019 (USD/Unit)
Table Key Manufacturers Industrial Jacks Plants/Factories Distribution
Table Key Manufacturers Industrial Jacks Area Served
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Industrial Jacks Market
Table Key Manufacturers Industrial Jacks Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global Hydraulic Production and Production Value (2014-2019) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Mechanical Production and Production Value (2014-2019) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Electric Production and Production Value (2014-2019) (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Production by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Production Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Production Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Production Market Share by Type in 2018
Table Global Industrial Jacks Production Value by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Production Value Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Production Value Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Production Value Market Share by Type in 2018
Table Industrial Jacks Ex-factory Price by Type 2014-2019 (USD/Unit)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Consumption Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Consumption Industrial Jacks Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Production by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Production Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Industrial Jacks Production Value by Regions 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Production Value Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Production Value Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Production Value Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table United States Industrial Jacks Production and Value 2014-2019 (K Units) & (Million USD)
Figure United States Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure United States Industrial Jacks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table United States Industrial Jacks Import & Export (K Units)
Table European Union Industrial Jacks Production and Value 2014-2019 (K Units) & (Million USD)
Figure European Union Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure European Union Industrial Jacks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table European Union Industrial Jacks Import & Export (K Units)
Table China Industrial Jacks Production and Value 2014-2019 (K Units) & (Million USD)
Figure China Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure China Industrial Jacks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table China Industrial Jacks Import & Export (K Units)
Figure Japan Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Japan Industrial Jacks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Korea Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Korea Industrial Jacks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Figure India Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure India Industrial Jacks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Industrial Jacks Production Value Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Consumption by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2018
Figure United States Industrial Jacks Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table United States Industrial Jacks Consumption by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure United States Industrial Jacks Consumption Market Share by Type in 2019
Table United States Industrial Jacks Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure United States Industrial Jacks Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure European Union Industrial Jacks Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table European Union Industrial Jacks Consumption by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure European Union Industrial Jacks Consumption Market Share by Type in 2019
Table European Union Industrial Jacks Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure European Union Industrial Jacks Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure China Industrial Jacks Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table China Industrial Jacks Consumption by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure China Industrial Jacks Consumption Market Share by Type in 2019
Table China Industrial Jacks Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure China Industrial Jacks Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure Rest of World Industrial Jacks Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Rest of World Industrial Jacks Consumption by Type (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Rest of World Industrial Jacks Consumption Market Share by Type in 2019
Table Rest of World Industrial Jacks Consumption by Application (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Rest of World Industrial Jacks Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure Japan Industrial Jacks Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Korea Industrial Jacks Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure India Industrial Jacks Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Industrial Jacks Consumption Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Kumar Machine Tools Company Details
Table Kumar Machine Tools Description and Business Overview
Table Kumar Machine Tools Industrial Jacks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Kumar Machine Tools Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Kumar Machine Tools Industrial Jacks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Kumar Machine Tools Recent Development
Table Power Jacks Limited Company Details
Table Power Jacks Limited Description and Business Overview
Table Power Jacks Limited Industrial Jacks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Power Jacks Limited Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Power Jacks Limited Industrial Jacks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Power Jacks Limited Recent Development
Table Larzep Company Details
Table Larzep Description and Business Overview
Table Larzep Industrial Jacks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Larzep Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Larzep Industrial Jacks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Larzep Recent Development
Table Rima Spa Company Details
Table Rima Spa Description and Business Overview
Table Rima Spa Industrial Jacks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Rima Spa Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Rima Spa Industrial Jacks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Rima Spa Recent Development
Table Bva Hydraulics Company Details
Table Bva Hydraulics Description and Business Overview
Table Bva Hydraulics Industrial Jacks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Bva Hydraulics Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Bva Hydraulics Industrial Jacks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Bva Hydraulics Recent Development
Table Hi-Force Company Details
Table Hi-Force Description and Business Overview
Table Hi-Force Industrial Jacks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Hi-Force Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Hi-Force Industrial Jacks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Hi-Force Recent Development
Table Meyer Hydraulics Corporation Company Details
Table Meyer Hydraulics Corporation Description and Business Overview
Table Meyer Hydraulics Corporation Industrial Jacks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Meyer Hydraulics Corporation Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Meyer Hydraulics Corporation Industrial Jacks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Meyer Hydraulics Corporation Recent Development
Table Sam Hydromacs Private Limited Company Details
Table Sam Hydromacs Private Limited Description and Business Overview
Table Sam Hydromacs Private Limited Industrial Jacks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Sam Hydromacs Private Limited Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Sam Hydromacs Private Limited Industrial Jacks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Sam Hydromacs Private Limited Recent Development
Table Mobile Industries Inc. Company Details
Table Mobile Industries Inc. Description and Business Overview
Table Mobile Industries Inc. Industrial Jacks Production (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Mobile Industries Inc. Industrial Jacks Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Mobile Industries Inc. Industrial Jacks Production Market Share in Global Market
Table Mobile Industries Inc. Recent Development
Table Global Industrial Jacks Capacity, Production Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Capacity Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Production Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Production Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Production Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Table Global Industrial Jacks Production Value Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Consumption Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Consumption Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Table United States Industrial Jacks Production and Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure United States Industrial Jacks Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table United States Industrial Jacks Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure United States Industrial Jacks Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table European Union Industrial Jacks Production and Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure European Union Industrial Jacks Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table European Union Industrial Jacks Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure European Union Industrial Jacks Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table China Industrial Jacks Production and Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure China Industrial Jacks Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table China Industrial Jacks Production Value Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure China Industrial Jacks Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Japan Industrial Jacks Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Japan Industrial Jacks Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Korea Industrial Jacks Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Korea Industrial Jacks Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure India Industrial Jacks Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure India Industrial Jacks Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Industrial Jacks Production Growth Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Southeast Asia Industrial Jacks Consumption Forecast 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Industrial Jacks Production Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Production Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Production Market Share Forecast by Type 2019-2025
Table Global Industrial Jacks Production Value Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Production Value Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Production Value Market Share Forecast by Type 2019-2025
Table Global Industrial Jacks Consumption Forecast by Application 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Consumption Forecast by Application 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Global Industrial Jacks Consumption Market Share Forecast by Application 2019-2025
Figure Industrial Jacks Value Chain
Table Industrial Jacks Distributors List
Table Industrial Jacks Customers List
Table Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources