Global Pico Solar Market Research Report 2020
Table of Contents1 Pico Solar Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Pico Solar
1.2 Pico Solar Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Pico Solar Production Growth Rate Comparison by Type 2020 VS 2026
1.2.2 Pico Solar Lamp
1.2.3 Pico Solar Radio
1.3 Pico Solar Segment by Application
1.3.1 Pico Solar Consumption Comparison by Application: 2020 VS 2026
1.3.2 Residential
1.3.3 Commercial
1.3.4 Industrial
1.4 Global Pico Solar Market by Region
1.4.1 Global Pico Solar Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2020 VS 2026
1.4.2 North America Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)
1.4.3 Europe Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)
1.4.4 China Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)
1.4.5 Japan Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)
1.5 Global Pico Solar Growth Prospects
1.5.1 Global Pico Solar Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)
1.5.2 Global Pico Solar Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)
1.5.3 Global Pico Solar Production Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)
2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Pico Solar Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
2.2 Global Pico Solar Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
2.3 Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.4 Global Pico Solar Average Price by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
2.5 Manufacturers Pico Solar Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types
2.6 Pico Solar Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.6.1 Pico Solar Market Concentration Rate
2.6.2 Global Top 3 and Top 5 Players Market Share by Revenue
2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Production Capacity by Region
3.1 Global Production Capacity of Pico Solar Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
3.2 Global Pico Solar Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
3.3 Global Pico Solar Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
3.4 North America Pico Solar Production
3.4.1 North America Pico Solar Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.4.2 North America Pico Solar Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
3.5 Europe Pico Solar Production
3.5.1 Europe Pico Solar Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.5.2 Europe Pico Solar Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
3.6 China Pico Solar Production
3.6.1 China Pico Solar Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.6.2 China Pico Solar Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
3.7 Japan Pico Solar Production
3.7.1 Japan Pico Solar Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.7.2 Japan Pico Solar Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
4 Global Pico Solar Consumption by Regions
4.1 Global Pico Solar Consumption by Regions
4.1.1 Global Pico Solar Consumption by Region
4.1.2 Global Pico Solar Consumption Market Share by Region
4.2 North America
4.2.1 North America Pico Solar Consumption by Countries
4.2.2 U.S.
4.2.3 Canada
4.3 Europe
4.3.1 Europe Pico Solar Consumption by Countries
4.3.2 Germany
4.3.3 France
4.3.4 U.K.
4.3.5 Italy
4.3.6 Russia
4.4 Asia Pacific
4.4.1 Asia Pacific Pico Solar Consumption by Region
4.4.2 China
4.4.3 Japan
4.4.4 South Korea
4.4.5 Taiwan
4.4.6 Southeast Asia
4.4.7 India
4.4.8 Australia
4.5 Latin America
4.5.1 Latin America Pico Solar Consumption by Countries
4.5.2 Mexico
4.5.3 Brazil
5 Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type
5.1 Global Pico Solar Production Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
5.2 Global Pico Solar Revenue Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
5.3 Global Pico Solar Price by Type (2015-2020)
5.4 Global Pico Solar Market Share by Price Tier (2015-2020): Low-End, Mid-Range and High-End
6 Global Pico Solar Market Analysis by Application
6.1 Global Pico Solar Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
6.2 Global Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2015-2020)
7 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Pico Solar Business
7.1 Panasonic
7.1.1 Panasonic Pico Solar Production Sites and Area Served
7.1.2 Panasonic Pico Solar Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.1.3 Panasonic Pico Solar Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
7.1.4 Panasonic Main Business and Markets Served
7.2 Philips
7.2.1 Philips Pico Solar Production Sites and Area Served
7.2.2 Philips Pico Solar Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.2.3 Philips Pico Solar Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
7.2.4 Philips Main Business and Markets Served
7.3 Barefoot Power
7.3.1 Barefoot Power Pico Solar Production Sites and Area Served
7.3.2 Barefoot Power Pico Solar Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.3.3 Barefoot Power Pico Solar Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
7.3.4 Barefoot Power Main Business and Markets Served
7.4 D.light design
7.4.1 D.light design Pico Solar Production Sites and Area Served
7.4.2 D.light design Pico Solar Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.4.3 D.light design Pico Solar Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
7.4.4 D.light design Main Business and Markets Served
7.5 Greenlight Planet
7.5.1 Greenlight Planet Pico Solar Production Sites and Area Served
7.5.2 Greenlight Planet Pico Solar Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.5.3 Greenlight Planet Pico Solar Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
7.5.4 Greenlight Planet Main Business and Markets Served
7.6 Nokero
7.6.1 Nokero Pico Solar Production Sites and Area Served
7.6.2 Nokero Pico Solar Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.6.3 Nokero Pico Solar Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
7.6.4 Nokero Main Business and Markets Served
7.7 SunnyMoney
7.7.1 SunnyMoney Pico Solar Production Sites and Area Served
7.7.2 SunnyMoney Pico Solar Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.7.3 SunnyMoney Pico Solar Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
7.7.4 SunnyMoney Main Business and Markets Served
7.8 Fosera Group
7.8.1 Fosera Group Pico Solar Production Sites and Area Served
7.8.2 Fosera Group Pico Solar Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.8.3 Fosera Group Pico Solar Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
7.8.4 Fosera Group Main Business and Markets Served
8 Pico Solar Manufacturing Cost Analysis
8.1 Pico Solar Key Raw Materials Analysis
8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
8.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend
8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Pico Solar
8.4 Pico Solar Industrial Chain Analysis
9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers
9.1 Marketing Channel
9.2 Pico Solar Distributors List
9.3 Pico Solar Customers
10 Market Dynamics
10.1 Market Trends
10.2 Opportunities and Drivers
10.3 Challenges
10.4 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
11 Production and Supply Forecast
11.1 Global Forecasted Production of Pico Solar (2021-2026)
11.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Pico Solar (2021-2026)
11.3 Global Forecasted Price of Pico Solar (2021-2026)
11.4 Global Pico Solar Production Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
11.4.1 North America Pico Solar Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
11.4.2 Europe Pico Solar Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
11.4.3 China Pico Solar Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
11.4.4 Japan Pico Solar Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
12 Consumption and Demand Forecast
12.1 Global Forecasted and Consumption Demand Analysis of Pico Solar
12.2 North America Forecasted Consumption of Pico Solar by Country
12.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Pico Solar by Country
12.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecasted Consumption of Pico Solar by Regions
12.5 Latin America Forecasted Consumption of Pico Solar
13 Forecast by Type and by Application (2021-2026)
13.1 Global Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
13.1.1 Global Forecasted Production of Pico Solar by Type (2021-2026)
13.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Pico Solar by Type (2021-2026)
13.1.2 Global Forecasted Price of Pico Solar by Type (2021-2026)
13.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Pico Solar by Application (2021-2026)
14 Research Finding and Conclusion
15 Methodology and Data Source
15.1 Methodology/Research Approach
15.1.1 Research Programs/Design
15.1.2 Market Size Estimation
15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
15.2 Data Source
15.2.1 Secondary Sources
15.2.2 Primary Sources
15.3 Author List
15.4 Disclaimer
List of TablesTable 1. Global Pico Solar Production (K Units) Growth Rate Comparison by Type (2015-2026)
Table 2. Global Pico Solar Market Size by Type (K Units) (US$ Million) (2020 VS 2026)
Table 3. Global Pico Solar Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Application: 2020 VS 2026
Table 4. Global Pico Solar Production (K Units) by Manufacturers
Table 5. Global Pico Solar Production (K Units) by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
Table 6. Global Pico Solar Production Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
Table 7. Global Pico Solar Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
Table 8. Global Pico Solar Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) (based on the Revenue in Pico Solar as of 2019)
Table 10. Global Market Pico Solar Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2015-2020)
Table 11. Manufacturers Pico Solar Production Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Pico Solar Product Types
Table 13. Global Pico Solar Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 15. Global Pico Solar Capacity (K Units) by Region (2015-2020)
Table 16. Global Pico Solar Production (K Units) by Region (2015-2020)
Table 17. Global Pico Solar Revenue (Million US$) by Region (2015-2020)
Table 18. Global Pico Solar Revenue Market Share by Region (2015-2020)
Table 19. Global Pico Solar Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 20. North America Pico Solar Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 21. Europe Pico Solar Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 22. China Pico Solar Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 23. Japan Pico Solar Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 24. Global Pico Solar Consumption (K Units) Market by Region (2015-2020)
Table 25. Global Pico Solar Consumption Market Share by Region (2015-2020)
Table 26. North America Pico Solar Consumption by Countries (2015-2020) (K Units)
Table 27. Europe Pico Solar Consumption by Countries (2015-2020) (K Units)
Table 28. Asia Pacific Pico Solar Consumption by Countries (2015-2020) (K Units)
Table 29. Latin America Pico Solar Consumption by Countries (2015-2020) (K Units)
Table 30. Global Pico Solar Production (K Units) by Type (2015-2020)
Table 31. Global Pico Solar Production Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 32. Global Pico Solar Revenue (Million US$) by Type (2015-2020)
Table 33. Global Pico Solar Revenue Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 34. Global Pico Solar Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2015-2020)
Table 35. Global Pico Solar Consumption (K Units) by Application (2015-2020)
Table 36. Global Pico Solar Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 37. Global Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2015-2020)
Table 38. Panasonic Pico Solar Production Sites and Area Served
Table 39. Panasonic Production Sites and Area Served
Table 40. Panasonic Pico Solar Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 41. Panasonic Main Business and Markets Served
Table 42. Philips Pico Solar Production Sites and Area Served
Table 43. Philips Production Sites and Area Served
Table 44. Philips Pico Solar Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 45. Philips Main Business and Markets Served
Table 46. Barefoot Power Pico Solar Production Sites and Area Served
Table 47. Barefoot Power Production Sites and Area Served
Table 48. Barefoot Power Pico Solar Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 49. Barefoot Power Main Business and Markets Served
Table 50. D.light design Pico Solar Production Sites and Area Served
Table 51. D.light design Production Sites and Area Served
Table 52. D.light design Pico Solar Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 53. D.light design Main Business and Markets Served
Table 54. Greenlight Planet Pico Solar Production Sites and Area Served
Table 55. Greenlight Planet Production Sites and Area Served
Table 56. Greenlight Planet Pico Solar Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 57. Greenlight Planet Main Business and Markets Served
Table 58. Nokero Pico Solar Production Sites and Area Served
Table 59. Nokero Production Sites and Area Served
Table 60. Nokero Pico Solar Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 61. Nokero Main Business and Markets Served
Table 62. SunnyMoney Pico Solar Production Sites and Area Served
Table 63. SunnyMoney Production Sites and Area Served
Table 64. SunnyMoney Pico Solar Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 65. SunnyMoney Main Business and Markets Served
Table 66. Fosera Group Pico Solar Production Sites and Area Served
Table 67. Fosera Group Production Sites and Area Served
Table 68. Fosera Group Pico Solar Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 69. Fosera Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 70. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Table 71. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Table 72. Pico Solar Distributors List
Table 73. Pico Solar Customers List
Table 74. Market Key Trends
Table 75. Key Opportunities and Drivers: Impact Analysis (2021-2026)
Table 76. Key Challenges
Table 77. Global Pico Solar Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2021-2026)
Table 78. North America Pico Solar Consumption Forecast 2021-2026 (K Units) by Country
Table 79. Europe Pico Solar Consumption Forecast 2021-2026 (K Units) by Country
Table 80. Asia Pacific Pico Solar Consumption Forecast 2021-2026 (K Units) by Regions
Table 81. Latin America Pico Solar Consumption Forecast 2021-2026 (K Units) by Country
Table 82. Global Pico Solar Consumption (K Units) Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
Table 83. Global Pico Solar Production (K Units) Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table 84. Global Pico Solar Revenue (Million US$) Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table 85. Global Pico Solar Price (USD/Unit) Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table 86. Global Pico Solar Consumption (K Units) Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Table 87. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 88. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 89. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of FiguresFigure 1. Picture of Pico Solar
Figure 2. Global Pico Solar Production Market Share by Type: 2020 VS 2026
Figure 3. Pico Solar Lamp Product Picture
Figure 4. Pico Solar Radio Product Picture
Figure 5. Global Pico Solar Consumption Market Share by Application: 2020 VS 2026
Figure 6. Residential
Figure 7. Commercial
Figure 8. Industrial
Figure 9. North America Pico Solar Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate (2015-2026)
Figure 10. Europe Pico Solar Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate (2015-2026)
Figure 11. China Pico Solar Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate (2015-2026)
Figure 12. Japan Pico Solar Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate (2015-2026)
Figure 13. Global Pico Solar Revenue (Million US$) (2015-2026)
Figure 14. Global Pico Solar Production Capacity (K Units) (2015-2026)
Figure 15. Pico Solar Production Share by Manufacturers in 2019
Figure 16. Global Pico Solar Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2019
Figure 17. Pico Solar Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2015 VS 2019
Figure 18. Global Market Pico Solar Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers in 2019
Figure 19. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Pico Solar Revenue in 2019
Figure 20. Global Pico Solar Production Market Share by Region (2015-2020)
Figure 21. Global Pico Solar Production Market Share by Region in 2019
Figure 22. Global Pico Solar Revenue Market Share by Region (2015-2020)
Figure 23. Global Pico Solar Revenue Market Share by Region in 2019
Figure 24. Global Pico Solar Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 25. North America Pico Solar Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 26. Europe Pico Solar Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 27. China Pico Solar Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 28. Japan Pico Solar Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 29. Global Pico Solar Consumption Market Share by Region (2015-2020)
Figure 30. Global Pico Solar Consumption Market Share by Region in 2019
Figure 31. North America Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 32. North America Pico Solar Consumption Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure 33. Canada Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 34. U.S. Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 35. Europe Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 36. Europe Pico Solar Consumption Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure 37. Germany America Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 38. France Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 39. U.K. Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 40. Italy Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 41. Russia Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 42. Asia Pacific Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific Pico Solar Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure 44. China Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 45. Japan Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 46. South Korea Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 47. Taiwan Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 48. Southeast Asia Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 49. India Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 50. Australia Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 51. Latin America Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 52. Latin America Pico Solar Consumption Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure 53. Mexico Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 54. Brazil Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 55. Production Market Share of Pico Solar by Type (2015-2020)
Figure 56. Production Market Share of Pico Solar by Type in 2019
Figure 57. Revenue Share of Pico Solar by Type (2015-2020)
Figure 58. Revenue Market Share of Pico Solar by Type in 2019
Figure 59. Global Pico Solar Production Growth by Type (2015-2020) (K Units)
Figure 60. Global Pico Solar Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Figure 61. Global Pico Solar Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure 62. Global Pico Solar Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2015-2020)
Figure 63. Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Figure 64. Manufacturing Cost Structure of Pico Solar
Figure 65. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Pico Solar
Figure 66. Pico Solar Industrial Chain Analysis
Figure 67. Channels of Distribution
Figure 68. Distributors Profiles
Figure 69. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Figure 70. Global Pico Solar Production Capacity (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 71. Global Pico Solar Production (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 72. Global Pico Solar Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 73. Global Pico Solar Price and Trend Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 74. Global Pico Solar Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2021-2026)
Figure 75. North America Pico Solar Production (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 76. North America Pico Solar Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 77. Europe Pico Solar Production (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 78. Europe Pico Solar Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 79. China Pico Solar Production (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 80. China Pico Solar Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 81. Japan Pico Solar Production (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 82. Japan Pico Solar Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 83. Global Forecasted and Consumption Demand Analysis of Pico Solar
Figure 84. North America Pico Solar Consumption (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 85. Europe Pico Solar Consumption (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 86. Asia Pacific Pico Solar Consumption (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 87. Latin America Pico Solar Consumption (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 88. Global Pico Solar Production (K Units) Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Figure 89. Global Pico Solar Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Figure 90. Global Pico Solar Consumption Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Figure 91. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 92. Data Triangulation