Global Misoprostol Market Research Report 2022
Table of Contents1 Misoprostol Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Misoprostol
1.2 Misoprostol Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Misoprostol Sales Growth Rate Comparison by Type (2022-2028)
1.2.2 200 ug Tablets
1.2.3 100 ug Tablets
1.3 Misoprostol Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global Misoprostol Sales Comparison by Application: (2022-2028)
1.3.2 Gastric Ulcer
1.3.3 Duodenal Ulcer
1.3.4 Peptic Ulcer
1.3.5 Anti-Early Pregnancy
1.3.6 Other
1.4 Global Misoprostol Market Size Estimates and Forecasts
1.4.1 Global Misoprostol Revenue 2017-2028
1.4.2 Global Misoprostol Sales 2017-2028
1.4.3 Misoprostol Market Size by Region: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 2028
2 Misoprostol Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Misoprostol Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
2.2 Global Misoprostol Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
2.3 Global Misoprostol Average Price by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
2.4 Manufacturers Misoprostol Manufacturing Sites, Area Served, Product Type
2.5 Misoprostol Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.5.1 Misoprostol Market Concentration Rate
2.5.2 The Global Top 5 and Top 10 Largest Misoprostol Players Market Share by Revenue
2.5.3 Global Misoprostol Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.6 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
3 Misoprostol Retrospective Market Scenario by Region
3.1 Global Misoprostol Retrospective Market Scenario in Sales by Region: 2017-2022
3.2 Global Misoprostol Retrospective Market Scenario in Revenue by Region: 2017-2022
3.3 North America Misoprostol Market Facts & Figures by Country
3.3.1 North America Misoprostol Sales by Country
3.3.2 North America Misoprostol Revenue by Country
3.3.3 U.S.
3.3.4 Canada
3.4 Europe Misoprostol Market Facts & Figures by Country
3.4.1 Europe Misoprostol Sales by Country
3.4.2 Europe Misoprostol Revenue by Country
3.4.3 Germany
3.4.4 France
3.4.5 U.K.
3.4.6 Italy
3.4.7 Russia
3.5 Asia Pacific Misoprostol Market Facts & Figures by Region
3.5.1 Asia Pacific Misoprostol Sales by Region
3.5.2 Asia Pacific Misoprostol Revenue by Region
3.5.3 China
3.5.4 Japan
3.5.5 South Korea
3.5.6 India
3.5.7 Australia
3.5.8 Taiwan
3.5.9 Indonesia
3.5.10 Thailand
3.5.11 Malaysia
3.5.12 Philippines
3.5.13 Vietnam
3.6 Latin America Misoprostol Market Facts & Figures by Country
3.6.1 Latin America Misoprostol Sales by Country
3.6.2 Latin America Misoprostol Revenue by Country
3.6.3 Mexico
3.6.4 Brazil
3.6.5 Argentina
3.7 Middle East and Africa Misoprostol Market Facts & Figures by Country
3.7.1 Middle East and Africa Misoprostol Sales by Country
3.7.2 Middle East and Africa Misoprostol Revenue by Country
3.7.3 Turkey
3.7.4 Saudi Arabia
3.7.5 UAE
4 Global Misoprostol Historic Market Analysis by Type
4.1 Global Misoprostol Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
4.2 Global Misoprostol Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
4.3 Global Misoprostol Price by Type (2017-2022)
5 Global Misoprostol Historic Market Analysis by Application
5.1 Global Misoprostol Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
5.2 Global Misoprostol Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
5.3 Global Misoprostol Price by Application (2017-2022)
6 Key Companies Profiled
6.1 Cardinal Health
6.1.1 Cardinal Health Corporation Information
6.1.2 Cardinal Health Description and Business Overview
6.1.3 Cardinal Health Misoprostol Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
6.1.4 Cardinal Health Misoprostol Product Portfolio
6.1.5 Cardinal Health Recent Developments/Updates
6.2 PD-Rx Pharmaceutical
6.2.1 PD-Rx Pharmaceutical Corporation Information
6.2.2 PD-Rx Pharmaceutical Description and Business Overview
6.2.3 PD-Rx Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
6.2.4 PD-Rx Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Product Portfolio
6.2.5 PD-Rx Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
6.3 Pfizer
6.3.1 Pfizer Corporation Information
6.3.2 Pfizer Description and Business Overview
6.3.3 Pfizer Misoprostol Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
6.3.4 Pfizer Misoprostol Product Portfolio
6.3.5 Pfizer Recent Developments/Updates
6.4 Aidarex Pharmaceuticals
6.4.1 Aidarex Pharmaceuticals Corporation Information
6.4.2 Aidarex Pharmaceuticals Description and Business Overview
6.4.3 Aidarex Pharmaceuticals Misoprostol Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
6.4.4 Aidarex Pharmaceuticals Misoprostol Product Portfolio
6.4.5 Aidarex Pharmaceuticals Recent Developments/Updates
6.5 Cadila Healthcare
6.5.1 Cadila Healthcare Corporation Information
6.5.2 Cadila Healthcare Description and Business Overview
6.5.3 Cadila Healthcare Misoprostol Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
6.5.4 Cadila Healthcare Misoprostol Product Portfolio
6.5.5 Cadila Healthcare Recent Developments/Updates
6.6 Monsanto/Searle
6.6.1 Monsanto/Searle Corporation Information
6.6.2 Monsanto/Searle Description and Business Overview
6.6.3 Monsanto/Searle Misoprostol Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
6.6.4 Monsanto/Searle Misoprostol Product Portfolio
6.6.5 Monsanto/Searle Recent Developments/Updates
6.7 Shanghai Xinhualian Pharmaceutical
6.6.1 Shanghai Xinhualian Pharmaceutical Corporation Information
6.6.2 Shanghai Xinhualian Pharmaceutical Description and Business Overview
6.6.3 Shanghai Xinhualian Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
6.4.4 Shanghai Xinhualian Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Product Portfolio
6.7.5 Shanghai Xinhualian Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
6.8 China Resources Zizhu Pharmaceutical
6.8.1 China Resources Zizhu Pharmaceutical Corporation Information
6.8.2 China Resources Zizhu Pharmaceutical Description and Business Overview
6.8.3 China Resources Zizhu Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
6.8.4 China Resources Zizhu Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Product Portfolio
6.8.5 China Resources Zizhu Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
6.9 Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical
6.9.1 Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Corporation Information
6.9.2 Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Description and Business Overview
6.9.3 Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
6.9.4 Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Product Portfolio
6.9.5 Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
6.10 Hubei Gedian Renfu Pharmaceutical
6.10.1 Hubei Gedian Renfu Pharmaceutical Corporation Information
6.10.2 Hubei Gedian Renfu Pharmaceutical Description and Business Overview
6.10.3 Hubei Gedian Renfu Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
6.10.4 Hubei Gedian Renfu Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Product Portfolio
6.10.5 Hubei Gedian Renfu Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
7 Misoprostol Manufacturing Cost Analysis
7.1 Misoprostol Key Raw Materials Analysis
7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
7.1.2 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Misoprostol
7.4 Misoprostol Industrial Chain Analysis
8 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers
8.1 Marketing Channel
8.2 Misoprostol Distributors List
8.3 Misoprostol Customers
9 Misoprostol Market Dynamics
9.1 Misoprostol Industry Trends
9.2 Misoprostol Market Drivers
9.3 Misoprostol Market Challenges
9.4 Misoprostol Market Restraints
10 Global Market Forecast
10.1 Misoprostol Market Estimates and Projections by Type
10.1.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Misoprostol by Type (2023-2028)
10.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Misoprostol by Type (2023-2028)
10.2 Misoprostol Market Estimates and Projections by Application
10.2.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Misoprostol by Application (2023-2028)
10.2.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Misoprostol by Application (2023-2028)
10.3 Misoprostol Market Estimates and Projections by Region
10.3.1 Global Forecasted Sales of Misoprostol by Region (2023-2028)
10.3.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Misoprostol by Region (2023-2028)
11 Research Finding and Conclusion
12 Methodology and Data Source
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Author List
12.4 Disclaimer
List of TablesTable 1. Global Misoprostol Sales Growth Rate Comparison by Type (2022-2028) & (M Pcs) & (US$ Million)
Table 2. Global Misoprostol Sales Growth Rate Comparison by Application (2022-2028) & (M Pcs) & (US$ Million)
Table 3. Global Misoprostol Market Size by Region (US$ Million) (2017 VS 2021 VS 2028)
Table 4. Global Misoprostol Market Competitive Situation by Manufacturers in 2021
Table 5. Global Misoprostol Sales (M Pcs) of Key Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 6. Global Misoprostol Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 7. Global Misoprostol Revenue (US$ Million) by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 8. Global Misoprostol Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 9. Global Market Misoprostol Average Price (US$/Pcs) of Key Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 10. Manufacturers Misoprostol Manufacturing Sites and Area Served
Table 11. Manufacturers Misoprostol Product Type
Table 12. Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 13. Global Misoprostol by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) (based on the Revenue in Misoprostol as of 2021)
Table 14. Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 15. Global Misoprostol Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (M Pcs)
Table 16. Global Misoprostol Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 17. Global Misoprostol Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 18. Global Misoprostol Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 19. North America Misoprostol Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (M Pcs)
Table 20. North America Misoprostol Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2022)
Table 21. North America Misoprostol Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 22. North America Misoprostol Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2022)
Table 23. Europe Misoprostol Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (M Pcs)
Table 24. Europe Misoprostol Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2022)
Table 25. Europe Misoprostol Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 26. Europe Misoprostol Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2022)
Table 27. Asia Pacific Misoprostol Sales by Region (2017-2022) & (M Pcs)
Table 28. Asia Pacific Misoprostol Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 29. Asia Pacific Misoprostol Revenue by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 30. Asia Pacific Misoprostol Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 31. Latin America Misoprostol Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (M Pcs)
Table 32. Latin America Misoprostol Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2022)
Table 33. Latin America Misoprostol Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 34. Latin America Misoprostol Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2022)
Table 35. Middle East and Africa Misoprostol Sales by Country (2017-2022) & (M Pcs)
Table 36. Middle East and Africa Misoprostol Sales Market Share by Country (2017-2022)
Table 37. Middle East and Africa Misoprostol Revenue by Country (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 38. Middle East and Africa Misoprostol Revenue Market Share by Country (2017-2022)
Table 39. Global Misoprostol Sales by Type (2017-2022) & (M Pcs)
Table 40. Global Misoprostol Sales Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table 41. Global Misoprostol Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 42. Global Misoprostol Revenue Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table 43. Global Misoprostol Price by Type (2017-2022) & (US$/Pcs)
Table 44. Global Misoprostol Sales (M Pcs) by Application (2017-2022)
Table 45. Global Misoprostol Sales Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table 46. Global Misoprostol Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 47. Global Misoprostol Revenue Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table 48. Global Misoprostol Price by Application (2017-2022) & (US$/Pcs)
Table 49. Cardinal Health Corporation Information
Table 50. Cardinal Health Description and Business Overview
Table 51. Cardinal Health Misoprostol Sales (M Pcs), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Pcs) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 52. Cardinal Health Misoprostol Product
Table 53. Cardinal Health Recent Developments/Updates
Table 54. PD-Rx Pharmaceutical Corporation Information
Table 55. PD-Rx Pharmaceutical Description and Business Overview
Table 56. PD-Rx Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Sales (M Pcs), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Pcs) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 57. PD-Rx Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Product
Table 58. PD-Rx Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 59. Pfizer Corporation Information
Table 60. Pfizer Description and Business Overview
Table 61. Pfizer Misoprostol Sales (M Pcs), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Pcs) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 62. Pfizer Misoprostol Product
Table 63. Pfizer Recent Developments/Updates
Table 64. Aidarex Pharmaceuticals Corporation Information
Table 65. Aidarex Pharmaceuticals Description and Business Overview
Table 66. Aidarex Pharmaceuticals Misoprostol Sales (M Pcs), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Pcs) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 67. Aidarex Pharmaceuticals Misoprostol Product
Table 68. Aidarex Pharmaceuticals Recent Developments/Updates
Table 69. Cadila Healthcare Corporation Information
Table 70. Cadila Healthcare Description and Business Overview
Table 71. Cadila Healthcare Misoprostol Sales (M Pcs), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Pcs) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 72. Cadila Healthcare Misoprostol Product
Table 73. Cadila Healthcare Recent Developments/Updates
Table 74. Monsanto/Searle Corporation Information
Table 75. Monsanto/Searle Description and Business Overview
Table 76. Monsanto/Searle Misoprostol Sales (M Pcs), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Pcs) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 77. Monsanto/Searle Misoprostol Product
Table 78. Monsanto/Searle Recent Developments/Updates
Table 79. Shanghai Xinhualian Pharmaceutical Corporation Information
Table 80. Shanghai Xinhualian Pharmaceutical Description and Business Overview
Table 81. Shanghai Xinhualian Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Sales (M Pcs), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Pcs) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 82. Shanghai Xinhualian Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Product
Table 83. Shanghai Xinhualian Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 84. China Resources Zizhu Pharmaceutical Corporation Information
Table 85. China Resources Zizhu Pharmaceutical Description and Business Overview
Table 86. China Resources Zizhu Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Sales (M Pcs), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Pcs) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 87. China Resources Zizhu Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Product
Table 88. China Resources Zizhu Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 89. Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Corporation Information
Table 90. Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Description and Business Overview
Table 91. Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Sales (M Pcs), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Pcs) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 92. Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Product
Table 93. Zhejiang Xianju Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 94. Hubei Gedian Renfu Pharmaceutical Corporation Information
Table 95. Hubei Gedian Renfu Pharmaceutical Description and Business Overview
Table 96. Hubei Gedian Renfu Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Sales (M Pcs), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Pcs) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 97. Hubei Gedian Renfu Pharmaceutical Misoprostol Product
Table 98. Hubei Gedian Renfu Pharmaceutical Recent Developments/Updates
Table 99. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Table 100. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Table 101. Misoprostol Distributors List
Table 102. Misoprostol Customers List
Table 103. Misoprostol Market Trends
Table 104. Misoprostol Market Drivers
Table 105. Misoprostol Market Challenges
Table 106. Misoprostol Market Restraints
Table 107. Global Misoprostol Sales Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (M Pcs)
Table 108. Global Misoprostol Sales Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
Table 109. Global Misoprostol Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 110. Global Misoprostol Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
Table 111. Global Misoprostol Sales Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (M Pcs)
Table 112. Global Misoprostol Sales Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
Table 113. Global Misoprostol Revenue Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 114. Global Misoprostol Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
Table 115. Global Misoprostol Sales Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (M Pcs)
Table 116. Global Misoprostol Sales Market Share Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
Table 117. Global Misoprostol Revenue Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 118. Global Misoprostol Revenue Market Share Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
Table 119. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 120. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 121. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of FiguresFigure 1. Product Picture of Misoprostol
Figure 2. Global Misoprostol Market Share by Type in 2021 & 2028
Figure 3. 200 ug Tablets Product Picture
Figure 4. 100 ug Tablets Product Picture
Figure 5. Global Misoprostol Market Share by Application in 2021 & 2028
Figure 6. Gastric Ulcer
Figure 7. Duodenal Ulcer
Figure 8. Peptic Ulcer
Figure 9. Anti-Early Pregnancy
Figure 10. Other
Figure 11. Global Misoprostol Revenue, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Figure 12. Global Misoprostol Market Size (2017-2028) & (US$ Million)
Figure 13. Global Misoprostol Sales (2017-2028) & (M Pcs)
Figure 14. Misoprostol Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2021
Figure 15. Global Misoprostol Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2021
Figure 16. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Misoprostol Players: Market Share by Revenue in 2021
Figure 17. Misoprostol Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2017 VS 2021
Figure 18. Global Misoprostol Sales Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure 19. Global Misoprostol Sales Market Share by Region in 2021
Figure 20. Global Misoprostol Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure 21. Global Misoprostol Revenue Market Share by Region in 2021
Figure 22. U.S. Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 23. Canada Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 24. Germany Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 25. France Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 26. U.K. Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 27. Italy Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 28. Russia Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 29. China Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 30. Japan Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 31. South Korea Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 32. India Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 33. Australia Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 34. Taiwan Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 35. Indonesia Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 36. Thailand Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 37. Malaysia Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 38. Philippines Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 39. Vietnam Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 40. Mexico Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 41. Brazil Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 42. Argentina Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 43. Turkey Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 44. Saudi Arabia Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 45. UAE Misoprostol Revenue Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Figure 46. Sales Market Share of Misoprostol by Type (2017-2022)
Figure 47. Manufacturing Cost Structure of Misoprostol
Figure 48. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Misoprostol
Figure 49. Misoprostol Industrial Chain Analysis
Figure 50. Channels of Distribution
Figure 51. Distributors Profiles
Figure 52. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 53. Data Triangulation
Figure 54. Key Executives Interviewed