Global Medicine Box Timer Market Insights, Forecast to 2025
Table of Contents1 Study Coverage
1.1 Medicine Box Timer Product
1.2 Market Segments
1.3 Key Manufacturers Covered
1.4 Market by Type
1.4.1 Global Medicine Box Timer Market Size Growth Rate by Product
1.4.2 1 Day
1.4.3 Above 1 Day
1.5 Market by End User
1.5.1 Global Medicine Box Timer Market Size Growth Rate by End User
1.5.2 Pharmacy
1.5.3 Online-shop
1.5.4 Other
1.6 Study Objectives
1.7 Years Considered
2 Executive Summary
2.1 Global Medicine Box Timer Market Size
2.1.1 Global Medicine Box Timer Revenue 2014-2025
2.1.2 Global Medicine Box Timer Sales 2014-2025
2.2 Medicine Box Timer Growth Rate by Regions
2.2.1 Global Medicine Box Timer Sales by Regions
2.2.2 Global Medicine Box Timer Revenue by Regions
3 Breakdown Data by Manufacturers
3.1 Medicine Box Timer Sales by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Medicine Box Timer Sales by Manufacturers
3.1.2 Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Manufacturers
3.1.3 Global Medicine Box Timer Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.2 Medicine Box Timer Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Medicine Box Timer Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.2 Medicine Box Timer Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.3 Medicine Box Timer Price by Manufacturers
3.4 Medicine Box Timer Manufacturing Base Distribution, Product Types
3.4.1 Medicine Box Timer Manufacturers Manufacturing Base Distribution, Headquarters
3.4.2 Manufacturers Medicine Box Timer Product Type
3.4.3 Date of International Manufacturers Enter into Medicine Box Timer Market
3.5 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Breakdown Data by Product
4.1 Global Medicine Box Timer Sales by Product
4.2 Global Medicine Box Timer Revenue by Product
4.3 Medicine Box Timer Price by Product
5 Breakdown Data by End User
5.1 Overview
5.2 Global Medicine Box Timer Breakdown Data by End User
6 North America
6.1 North America Medicine Box Timer by Countries
6.1.1 North America Medicine Box Timer Sales by Countries
6.1.2 North America Medicine Box Timer Revenue by Countries
6.1.3 United States
6.1.4 Canada
6.1.5 Mexico
6.2 North America Medicine Box Timer by Product
6.3 North America Medicine Box Timer by End User
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Medicine Box Timer by Countries
7.1.1 Europe Medicine Box Timer Sales by Countries
7.1.2 Europe Medicine Box Timer Revenue by Countries
7.1.3 Germany
7.1.4 France
7.1.5 UK
7.1.6 Italy
7.1.7 Russia
7.2 Europe Medicine Box Timer by Product
7.3 Europe Medicine Box Timer by End User
8 Asia Pacific
8.1 Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer by Countries
8.1.1 Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Sales by Countries
8.1.2 Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Revenue by Countries
8.1.3 China
8.1.4 Japan
8.1.5 Korea
8.1.6 India
8.1.7 Australia
8.1.8 Indonesia
8.1.9 Malaysia
8.1.10 Philippines
8.1.11 Thailand
8.1.12 Vietnam
8.1.13 Singapore
8.2 Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer by Product
8.3 Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer by End User
9 Central & South America
9.1 Central & South America Medicine Box Timer by Countries
9.1.1 Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Sales by Countries
9.1.2 Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Revenue by Countries
9.1.3 Brazil
9.2 Central & South America Medicine Box Timer by Product
9.3 Central & South America Medicine Box Timer by End User
10 Middle East and Africa
10.1 Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer by Countries
10.1.1 Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Sales by Countries
10.1.2 Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Revenue by Countries
10.1.3 GCC Countries
10.1.4 Turkey
10.1.5 Egypt
10.1.6 South Africa
10.2 Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer by Product
10.3 Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer by End User
11 Company Profiles
11.1 TabTimer
11.1.1 TabTimer Company Details
11.1.2 Company Business Overview
11.1.3 TabTimer Medicine Box Timer Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
11.1.4 TabTimer Medicine Box Timer Products Offered
11.1.5 TabTimer Recent Development
11.2 Apex Healthcare
11.2.1 Apex Healthcare Company Details
11.2.2 Company Business Overview
11.2.3 Apex Healthcare Medicine Box Timer Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
11.2.4 Apex Healthcare Medicine Box Timer Products Offered
11.2.5 Apex Healthcare Recent Development
11.3 Danielle Creations
11.3.1 Danielle Creations Company Details
11.3.2 Company Business Overview
11.3.3 Danielle Creations Medicine Box Timer Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
11.3.4 Danielle Creations Medicine Box Timer Products Offered
11.3.5 Danielle Creations Recent Development
11.4 E-pill
11.4.1 E-pill Company Details
11.4.2 Company Business Overview
11.4.3 E-pill Medicine Box Timer Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
11.4.4 E-pill Medicine Box Timer Products Offered
11.4.5 E-pill Recent Development
11.5 MedCenter
11.5.1 MedCenter Company Details
11.5.2 Company Business Overview
11.5.3 MedCenter Medicine Box Timer Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
11.5.4 MedCenter Medicine Box Timer Products Offered
11.5.5 MedCenter Recent Development
12 Future Forecast
12.1 Medicine Box Timer Market Forecast by Regions
12.1.1 Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
12.1.2 Global Medicine Box Timer Revenue Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
12.2 Medicine Box Timer Market Forecast by Product
12.2.1 Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Forecast by Product 2019-2025
12.2.2 Global Medicine Box Timer Revenue Forecast by Product 2019-2025
12.3 Medicine Box Timer Market Forecast by End User
12.4 North America Medicine Box Timer Forecast
12.5 Europe Medicine Box Timer Forecast
12.6 Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Forecast
12.7 Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Forecast
12.8 Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Forecast
13 Market Opportunities, Challenges, Risks and Influences Factors Analysis
13.1 Market Opportunities and Drivers
13.2 Market Challenges
13.3 Market Risks/Restraints
13.4 Macroscopic Indicators
14 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
14.1 Value Chain Analysis
14.2 Medicine Box Timer Customers
14.3 Sales Channels Analysis
14.3.1 Sales Channels
14.3.2 Distributors
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
16.1 Research Methodology
16.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
16.1.2 Data Source
16.2 Author Details
16.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables and FiguresFigure Medicine Box Timer Product Picture
Table Medicine Box Timer Market Segments
Table Key Manufacturers Medicine Box Timer Covered
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Market Size Growth Rate by Product 2019-2025 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Product 2014-2025
Figure 1 Day Product Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of 1 Day
Figure Above 1 Day Product Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Above 1 Day
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Market Size Growth Rate by End User 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Pharmacy
Figure Online-shop
Figure Other
Figure Medicine Box Timer Report Years Considered
Figure Global Medicine Box Timer Market Size 2014-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Medicine Box Timer Sales 2014-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Market Size by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Sales by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure 2018 Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Regions
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Medicine Box Timer Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure 2018 Global Medicine Box Timer Revenue Market Share by Regions
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Sales by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Medicine Box Timer Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (Million USD)
Table Medicine Box Timer Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Medicine Box Timer Value Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Key Manufacturers Medicine Box Timer Price (2014-2019) (USD/Units)
Table Medicine Box Timer Manufacturers Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table Manufacturers Medicine Box Timer Product Type
Table Date of International Manufacturers Enter into Medicine Box Timer Market
Table Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Sales by Product (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Product in 2018
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Revenue by Product (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Revenue Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure Global Medicine Box Timer Revenue Market Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure Global Medicine Box Timer Revenue Market Share by Product in 2018
Table Medicine Box Timer Price by Product 2014-2019 (USD/Units)
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Sales by End User (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Share by End User (2014-2019)
Figure Global Sales Medicine Box Timer Market Share by End User (2014-2019)
Figure Global Sales Medicine Box Timer Market Share by End User in 2018
Figure North America Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure North America Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table North America Medicine Box Timer Sales by Countries (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table North America Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 North America Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Countries
Table North America Medicine Box Timer Revenue by Countries (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table North America Medicine Box Timer Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 North America Medicine Box Timer Revenue Market Share by Countries
Figure United States Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure United States Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Canada Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Canada Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Mexico Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Mexico Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table North America Medicine Box Timer Sales by Product (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table North America Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 North America Medicine Box Timer Market Share by Product
Table North America Medicine Box Timer Sales by End User (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table North America Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by End User (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 North America Medicine Box Timer Market Share by End User
Figure Europe Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Europe Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Europe Medicine Box Timer Sales by Countries (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Europe Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Europe Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Countries
Table Europe Medicine Box Timer Revenue by Countries (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Europe Medicine Box Timer Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Europe Medicine Box Timer Revenue Market Share by Countries
Figure Germany Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Germany Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure France Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure France Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure UK Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure UK Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Italy Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Italy Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Russia Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Russia Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Europe Medicine Box Timer Sales by Product (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Europe Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Europe Medicine Box Timer Market Share by Product
Table Europe Medicine Box Timer Sales by End User (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Europe Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by End User (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Europe Medicine Box Timer Market Share by End User
Figure Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Sales by Countries (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Countries
Table Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Revenue by Countries (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Revenue Market Share by Countries
Figure China Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure China Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Japan Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Japan Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Korea Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Korea Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure India Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure India Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Australia Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Australia Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Indonesia Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Indonesia Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Malaysia Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Malaysia Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Philippines Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Philippines Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Thailand Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Thailand Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Vietnam Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Vietnam Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Singapore Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Singapore Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Sales by Product (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Market Share by Product
Table Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Sales by End User (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by End User (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Market Share by End User
Figure Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Sales by Countries (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Countries
Table Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Revenue by Countries (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Revenue Market Share by Countries
Figure Brazil Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Brazil Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Argentina Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Argentina Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Sales by Product (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Market Share by Product
Table Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Sales by End User (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by End User (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Market Share by End User
Figure Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Sales by Countries (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Countries
Table Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Revenue by Countries (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Revenue Market Share by Countries
Figure GCC Countries Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure GCC Countries Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Turkey Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Turkey Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Egypt Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Egypt Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure South Africa Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure South Africa Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Sales by Product (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Market Share by Product
Table Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Sales by End User (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share by End User (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Market Share by End User
Table TabTimer Company Details
Table TabTimer Medicine Box Timer Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Units) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table TabTimer Recent Development
Table Apex Healthcare Company Details
Table Apex Healthcare Medicine Box Timer Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Units) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Apex Healthcare Recent Development
Table Danielle Creations Company Details
Table Danielle Creations Medicine Box Timer Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Units) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Danielle Creations Recent Development
Table E-pill Company Details
Table E-pill Medicine Box Timer Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Units) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table E-pill Recent Development
Table MedCenter Company Details
Table MedCenter Medicine Box Timer Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Units) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table MedCenter Recent Development
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Revenue Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Revenue Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Forecast by Product 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share Forecast by Product 2019-2025
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Revenue Forecast by Product 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Revenue Market Share Forecast by Product 2019-2025
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Forecast by End User 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Medicine Box Timer Sales Market Share Forecast by End User 2019-2025
Figure North America Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (K Units)
Figure North America Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Figure Europe Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (K Units)
Figure Europe Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Figure Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (K Units)
Figure Asia Pacific Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Figure Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (K Units)
Figure Central & South America Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Figure Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Sales Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (K Units)
Figure Middle East and Africa Medicine Box Timer Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Table Medicine Box Timer Value Chain
Table Medicine Box Timer Customers List
Table Medicine Box Timer Distributors List
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources