Global Lithotripsy Market Research Report 2023
Table of Contents1 Report Overview
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.2.1 Global Lithotripsy Market Size Growth Rate by Type: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
1.2.2 Extracorporeal Lithotripsy
1.2.3 Intracorporeal Lithotripsy
1.2.4 Percutaneous Lithotripsy
1.3 Market by Application
1.3.1 Global Lithotripsy Market Growth by Application: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
1.3.2 Kidney Stones
1.3.3 Biliary Calculi
1.3.4 Salivary Stones
1.3.5 Pancreatic Stones
1.3.6 Others
1.4 Study Objectives
1.5 Years Considered
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Global Lithotripsy Market Perspective (2018-2029)
2.2 Lithotripsy Growth Trends by Region
2.2.1 Global Lithotripsy Market Size by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
2.2.2 Lithotripsy Historic Market Size by Region (2018-2023)
2.2.3 Lithotripsy Forecasted Market Size by Region (2024-2029)
2.3 Lithotripsy Market Dynamics
2.3.1 Lithotripsy Industry Trends
2.3.2 Lithotripsy Market Drivers
2.3.3 Lithotripsy Market Challenges
2.3.4 Lithotripsy Market Restraints
3 Competition Landscape by Key Players
3.1 Global Top Lithotripsy Players by Revenue
3.1.1 Global Top Lithotripsy Players by Revenue (2018-2023)
3.1.2 Global Lithotripsy Revenue Market Share by Players (2018-2023)
3.2 Global Lithotripsy Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
3.3 Players Covered: Ranking by Lithotripsy Revenue
3.4 Global Lithotripsy Market Concentration Ratio
3.4.1 Global Lithotripsy Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.4.2 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Lithotripsy Revenue in 2022
3.5 Lithotripsy Key Players Head office and Area Served
3.6 Key Players Lithotripsy Product Solution and Service
3.7 Date of Enter into Lithotripsy Market
3.8 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Lithotripsy Breakdown Data by Type
4.1 Global Lithotripsy Historic Market Size by Type (2018-2023)
4.2 Global Lithotripsy Forecasted Market Size by Type (2024-2029)
5 Lithotripsy Breakdown Data by Application
5.1 Global Lithotripsy Historic Market Size by Application (2018-2023)
5.2 Global Lithotripsy Forecasted Market Size by Application (2024-2029)
6 North America
6.1 North America Lithotripsy Market Size (2018-2029)
6.2 North America Lithotripsy Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
6.3 North America Lithotripsy Market Size by Country (2018-2023)
6.4 North America Lithotripsy Market Size by Country (2024-2029)
6.5 United States
6.6 Canada
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Lithotripsy Market Size (2018-2029)
7.2 Europe Lithotripsy Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
7.3 Europe Lithotripsy Market Size by Country (2018-2023)
7.4 Europe Lithotripsy Market Size by Country (2024-2029)
7.5 Germany
7.6 France
7.7 U.K.
7.8 Italy
7.9 Russia
7.10 Nordic Countries
8 Asia-Pacific
8.1 Asia-Pacific Lithotripsy Market Size (2018-2029)
8.2 Asia-Pacific Lithotripsy Market Growth Rate by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
8.3 Asia-Pacific Lithotripsy Market Size by Region (2018-2023)
8.4 Asia-Pacific Lithotripsy Market Size by Region (2024-2029)
8.5 China
8.6 Japan
8.7 South Korea
8.8 Southeast Asia
8.9 India
8.10 Australia
9 Latin America
9.1 Latin America Lithotripsy Market Size (2018-2029)
9.2 Latin America Lithotripsy Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
9.3 Latin America Lithotripsy Market Size by Country (2018-2023)
9.4 Latin America Lithotripsy Market Size by Country (2024-2029)
9.5 Mexico
9.6 Brazil
10 Middle East & Africa
10.1 Middle East & Africa Lithotripsy Market Size (2018-2029)
10.2 Middle East & Africa Lithotripsy Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
10.3 Middle East & Africa Lithotripsy Market Size by Country (2018-2023)
10.4 Middle East & Africa Lithotripsy Market Size by Country (2024-2029)
10.5 Turkey
10.6 Saudi Arabia
10.7 UAE
11 Key Players Profiles
11.1 WIKKON
11.1.1 WIKKON Company Detail
11.1.2 WIKKON Business Overview
11.1.3 WIKKON Lithotripsy Introduction
11.1.4 WIKKON Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.1.5 WIKKON Recent Development
11.2 HYDE
11.2.1 HYDE Company Detail
11.2.2 HYDE Business Overview
11.2.3 HYDE Lithotripsy Introduction
11.2.4 HYDE Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.2.5 HYDE Recent Development
11.3 Sody
11.3.1 Sody Company Detail
11.3.2 Sody Business Overview
11.3.3 Sody Lithotripsy Introduction
11.3.4 Sody Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.3.5 Sody Recent Development
11.4 Haibin
11.4.1 Haibin Company Detail
11.4.2 Haibin Business Overview
11.4.3 Haibin Lithotripsy Introduction
11.4.4 Haibin Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.4.5 Haibin Recent Development
11.5 Comermy
11.5.1 Comermy Company Detail
11.5.2 Comermy Business Overview
11.5.3 Comermy Lithotripsy Introduction
11.5.4 Comermy Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.5.5 Comermy Recent Development
11.6 Dornier
11.6.1 Dornier Company Detail
11.6.2 Dornier Business Overview
11.6.3 Dornier Lithotripsy Introduction
11.6.4 Dornier Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.6.5 Dornier Recent Development
11.7 Richard-Wolf
11.7.1 Richard-Wolf Company Detail
11.7.2 Richard-Wolf Business Overview
11.7.3 Richard-Wolf Lithotripsy Introduction
11.7.4 Richard-Wolf Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.7.5 Richard-Wolf Recent Development
11.8 MTS
11.8.1 MTS Company Detail
11.8.2 MTS Business Overview
11.8.3 MTS Lithotripsy Introduction
11.8.4 MTS Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.8.5 MTS Recent Development
11.9 DirexGroup
11.9.1 DirexGroup Company Detail
11.9.2 DirexGroup Business Overview
11.9.3 DirexGroup Lithotripsy Introduction
11.9.4 DirexGroup Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.9.5 DirexGroup Recent Development
11.10 Siemens
11.10.1 Siemens Company Detail
11.10.2 Siemens Business Overview
11.10.3 Siemens Lithotripsy Introduction
11.10.4 Siemens Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.10.5 Siemens Recent Development
11.11 EDAP TMS
11.11.1 EDAP TMS Company Detail
11.11.2 EDAP TMS Business Overview
11.11.3 EDAP TMS Lithotripsy Introduction
11.11.4 EDAP TMS Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.11.5 EDAP TMS Recent Development
11.12 Storz
11.12.1 Storz Company Detail
11.12.2 Storz Business Overview
11.12.3 Storz Lithotripsy Introduction
11.12.4 Storz Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.12.5 Storz Recent Development
11.13 Medispec
11.13.1 Medispec Company Detail
11.13.2 Medispec Business Overview
11.13.3 Medispec Lithotripsy Introduction
11.13.4 Medispec Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.13.5 Medispec Recent Development
11.14 ELMED
11.14.1 ELMED Company Detail
11.14.2 ELMED Business Overview
11.14.3 ELMED Lithotripsy Introduction
11.14.4 ELMED Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.14.5 ELMED Recent Development
11.15 EMD
11.15.1 EMD Company Detail
11.15.2 EMD Business Overview
11.15.3 EMD Lithotripsy Introduction
11.15.4 EMD Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.15.5 EMD Recent Development
11.16 US
11.16.1 US Company Detail
11.16.2 US Business Overview
11.16.3 US Lithotripsy Introduction
11.16.4 US Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.16.5 US Recent Development
11.17 Allengers
11.17.1 Allengers Company Detail
11.17.2 Allengers Business Overview
11.17.3 Allengers Lithotripsy Introduction
11.17.4 Allengers Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.17.5 Allengers Recent Development
11.18 Boston Scientific
11.18.1 Boston Scientific Company Detail
11.18.2 Boston Scientific Business Overview
11.18.3 Boston Scientific Lithotripsy Introduction
11.18.4 Boston Scientific Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
11.18.5 Boston Scientific Recent Development
12 Analyst's Viewpoints/Conclusions
13 Appendix
13.1 Research Methodology
13.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.2 Data Source
13.2 Disclaimer
13.3 Author Details
List of TablesTable 1. Global Lithotripsy Market Size Growth Rate by Type (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Table 2. Key Players of Extracorporeal Lithotripsy
Table 3. Key Players of Intracorporeal Lithotripsy
Table 4. Key Players of Percutaneous Lithotripsy
Table 5. Global Lithotripsy Market Size Growth by Application (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Table 6. Global Lithotripsy Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Table 7. Global Lithotripsy Market Size by Region (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 8. Global Lithotripsy Market Share by Region (2018-2023)
Table 9. Global Lithotripsy Forecasted Market Size by Region (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)
Table 10. Global Lithotripsy Market Share by Region (2024-2029)
Table 11. Lithotripsy Market Trends
Table 12. Lithotripsy Market Drivers
Table 13. Lithotripsy Market Challenges
Table 14. Lithotripsy Market Restraints
Table 15. Global Lithotripsy Revenue by Players (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 16. Global Lithotripsy Market Share by Players (2018-2023)
Table 17. Global Top Lithotripsy Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Lithotripsy as of 2022)
Table 18. Ranking of Global Top Lithotripsy Companies by Revenue (US$ Million) in 2022
Table 19. Global 5 Largest Players Market Share by Lithotripsy Revenue (CR5 and HHI) & (2018-2023)
Table 20. Key Players Headquarters and Area Served
Table 21. Key Players Lithotripsy Product Solution and Service
Table 22. Date of Enter into Lithotripsy Market
Table 23. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 24. Global Lithotripsy Market Size by Type (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 25. Global Lithotripsy Revenue Market Share by Type (2018-2023)
Table 26. Global Lithotripsy Forecasted Market Size by Type (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)
Table 27. Global Lithotripsy Revenue Market Share by Type (2024-2029)
Table 28. Global Lithotripsy Market Size by Application (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 29. Global Lithotripsy Revenue Market Share by Application (2018-2023)
Table 30. Global Lithotripsy Forecasted Market Size by Application (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)
Table 31. Global Lithotripsy Revenue Market Share by Application (2024-2029)
Table 32. North America Lithotripsy Market Size Growth Rate by Country (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Table 33. North America Lithotripsy Market Size by Country (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 34. North America Lithotripsy Market Size by Country (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)
Table 35. Europe Lithotripsy Market Size Growth Rate by Country (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Table 36. Europe Lithotripsy Market Size by Country (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 37. Europe Lithotripsy Market Size by Country (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)
Table 38. Asia-Pacific Lithotripsy Market Size Growth Rate by Region (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Table 39. Asia-Pacific Lithotripsy Market Size by Region (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 40. Asia-Pacific Lithotripsy Market Size by Region (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)
Table 41. Latin America Lithotripsy Market Size Growth Rate by Country (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Table 42. Latin America Lithotripsy Market Size by Country (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 43. Latin America Lithotripsy Market Size by Country (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)
Table 44. Middle East & Africa Lithotripsy Market Size Growth Rate by Country (US$ Million): 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Table 45. Middle East & Africa Lithotripsy Market Size by Country (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 46. Middle East & Africa Lithotripsy Market Size by Country (2024-2029) & (US$ Million)
Table 47. WIKKON Company Detail
Table 48. WIKKON Business Overview
Table 49. WIKKON Lithotripsy Product
Table 50. WIKKON Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 51. WIKKON Recent Development
Table 52. HYDE Company Detail
Table 53. HYDE Business Overview
Table 54. HYDE Lithotripsy Product
Table 55. HYDE Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 56. HYDE Recent Development
Table 57. Sody Company Detail
Table 58. Sody Business Overview
Table 59. Sody Lithotripsy Product
Table 60. Sody Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 61. Sody Recent Development
Table 62. Haibin Company Detail
Table 63. Haibin Business Overview
Table 64. Haibin Lithotripsy Product
Table 65. Haibin Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 66. Haibin Recent Development
Table 67. Comermy Company Detail
Table 68. Comermy Business Overview
Table 69. Comermy Lithotripsy Product
Table 70. Comermy Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 71. Comermy Recent Development
Table 72. Dornier Company Detail
Table 73. Dornier Business Overview
Table 74. Dornier Lithotripsy Product
Table 75. Dornier Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 76. Dornier Recent Development
Table 77. Richard-Wolf Company Detail
Table 78. Richard-Wolf Business Overview
Table 79. Richard-Wolf Lithotripsy Product
Table 80. Richard-Wolf Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 81. Richard-Wolf Recent Development
Table 82. MTS Company Detail
Table 83. MTS Business Overview
Table 84. MTS Lithotripsy Product
Table 85. MTS Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 86. MTS Recent Development
Table 87. DirexGroup Company Detail
Table 88. DirexGroup Business Overview
Table 89. DirexGroup Lithotripsy Product
Table 90. DirexGroup Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 91. DirexGroup Recent Development
Table 92. Siemens Company Detail
Table 93. Siemens Business Overview
Table 94. Siemens Lithotripsy Product
Table 95. Siemens Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 96. Siemens Recent Development
Table 97. EDAP TMS Company Detail
Table 98. EDAP TMS Business Overview
Table 99. EDAP TMS Lithotripsy Product
Table 100. EDAP TMS Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 101. EDAP TMS Recent Development
Table 102. Storz Company Detail
Table 103. Storz Business Overview
Table 104. Storz Lithotripsy Product
Table 105. Storz Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 106. Storz Recent Development
Table 107. Medispec Company Detail
Table 108. Medispec Business Overview
Table 109. Medispec Lithotripsy Product
Table 110. Medispec Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 111. Medispec Recent Development
Table 112. ELMED Company Detail
Table 113. ELMED Business Overview
Table 114. ELMED Lithotripsy Product
Table 115. ELMED Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 116. ELMED Recent Development
Table 117. EMD Company Detail
Table 118. EMD Business Overview
Table 119. EMD Lithotripsy Product
Table 120. EMD Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 121. EMD Recent Development
Table 122. US Company Detail
Table 123. US Business Overview
Table 124. US Lithotripsy Product
Table 125. US Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 126. US Recent Development
Table 127. Allengers Company Detail
Table 128. Allengers Business Overview
Table 129. Allengers Lithotripsy Product
Table 130. Allengers Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 131. Allengers Recent Development
Table 132. Boston Scientific Company Detail
Table 133. Boston Scientific Business Overview
Table 134. Boston Scientific Lithotripsy Product
Table 135. Boston Scientific Revenue in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023) & (US$ Million)
Table 136. Boston Scientific Recent Development
Table 137. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 138. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 139. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of FiguresFigure 1. Global Lithotripsy Market Size Comparison by Type (2023-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 2. Global Lithotripsy Market Share by Type: 2022 VS 2029
Figure 3. Extracorporeal Lithotripsy Features
Figure 4. Intracorporeal Lithotripsy Features
Figure 5. Percutaneous Lithotripsy Features
Figure 6. Global Lithotripsy Market Size Comparison by Application (2023-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 7. Global Lithotripsy Market Share by Application: 2022 VS 2029
Figure 8. Kidney Stones Case Studies
Figure 9. Biliary Calculi Case Studies
Figure 10. Salivary Stones Case Studies
Figure 11. Pancreatic Stones Case Studies
Figure 12. Others Case Studies
Figure 13. Lithotripsy Report Years Considered
Figure 14. Global Lithotripsy Market Size (US$ Million), Year-over-Year: 2018-2029
Figure 15. Global Lithotripsy Market Size, (US$ Million), 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
Figure 16. Global Lithotripsy Market Share by Region: 2022 VS 2029
Figure 17. Global Lithotripsy Market Share by Players in 2022
Figure 18. Global Top Lithotripsy Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Lithotripsy as of 2022)
Figure 19. The Top 10 and 5 Players Market Share by Lithotripsy Revenue in 2022
Figure 20. North America Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 21. North America Lithotripsy Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 22. United States Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 23. Canada Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 24. Europe Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 25. Europe Lithotripsy Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 26. Germany Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 27. France Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 28. U.K. Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 29. Italy Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 30. Russia Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 31. Nordic Countries Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 32. Asia-Pacific Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 33. Asia-Pacific Lithotripsy Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 34. China Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 35. Japan Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 36. South Korea Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 37. Southeast Asia Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 38. India Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 39. Australia Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 40. Latin America Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 41. Latin America Lithotripsy Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 42. Mexico Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 43. Brazil Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 44. Middle East & Africa Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 45. Middle East & Africa Lithotripsy Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 46. Turkey Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 47. Saudi Arabia Lithotripsy Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million)
Figure 48. WIKKON Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 49. HYDE Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 50. Sody Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 51. Haibin Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 52. Comermy Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 53. Dornier Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 54. Richard-Wolf Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 55. MTS Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 56. DirexGroup Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 57. Siemens Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 58. EDAP TMS Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 59. Storz Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 60. Medispec Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 61. ELMED Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 62. EMD Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 63. US Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 64. Allengers Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 65. Boston Scientific Revenue Growth Rate in Lithotripsy Business (2018-2023)
Figure 66. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 67. Data Triangulation
Figure 68. Key Executives Interviewed