Global LCD Bias Supply Market Research Report 2022
Table of Contents1 LCD Bias Supply Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of LCD Bias Supply
1.2 LCD Bias Supply Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global LCD Bias Supply Market Size Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2022 VS 2028
1.2.2 QFN Packages
1.2.3 TSSOP Packages
1.2.4 QSOP Packages
1.2.5 Others
1.3 LCD Bias Supply Segment by Application
1.3.1 Global LCD Bias Supply Consumption Comparison by Application: 2022 VS 2028
1.3.2 Smartphone
1.3.3 Tablet
1.3.4 LCD TV
1.3.5 General Dual Power Supply Applications
1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects
1.4.1 Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028)
1.4.2 Global LCD Bias Supply Production Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028)
1.5 Global Market Size by Region
1.5.1 Global LCD Bias Supply Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
1.5.2 North America LCD Bias Supply Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028)
1.5.3 Europe LCD Bias Supply Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028)
1.5.4 China LCD Bias Supply Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028)
1.5.5 Japan LCD Bias Supply Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028)
1.5.6 South Korea LCD Bias Supply Estimates and Forecasts (2017-2028)
2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global LCD Bias Supply Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
2.2 Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
2.3 LCD Bias Supply Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.4 Global LCD Bias Supply Average Price by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
2.5 Manufacturers LCD Bias Supply Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types
2.6 LCD Bias Supply Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.6.1 LCD Bias Supply Market Concentration Rate
2.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest LCD Bias Supply Players Market Share by Revenue
2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Production by Region
3.1 Global Production of LCD Bias Supply Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
3.2 Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
3.3 Global LCD Bias Supply Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
3.4 North America LCD Bias Supply Production
3.4.1 North America LCD Bias Supply Production Growth Rate (2017-2022)
3.4.2 North America LCD Bias Supply Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
3.5 Europe LCD Bias Supply Production
3.5.1 Europe LCD Bias Supply Production Growth Rate (2017-2022)
3.5.2 Europe LCD Bias Supply Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
3.6 China LCD Bias Supply Production
3.6.1 China LCD Bias Supply Production Growth Rate (2017-2022)
3.6.2 China LCD Bias Supply Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
3.7 Japan LCD Bias Supply Production
3.7.1 Japan LCD Bias Supply Production Growth Rate (2017-2022)
3.7.2 Japan LCD Bias Supply Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
3.8 South Korea LCD Bias Supply Production
3.8.1 South Korea LCD Bias Supply Production Growth Rate (2017-2022)
3.8.2 South Korea LCD Bias Supply Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4 Global LCD Bias Supply Consumption by Region
4.1 Global LCD Bias Supply Consumption by Region
4.1.1 Global LCD Bias Supply Consumption by Region
4.1.2 Global LCD Bias Supply Consumption Market Share by Region
4.2 North America
4.2.1 North America LCD Bias Supply Consumption by Country
4.2.2 United States
4.2.3 Canada
4.3 Europe
4.3.1 Europe LCD Bias Supply Consumption by Country
4.3.2 Germany
4.3.3 France
4.3.4 U.K.
4.3.5 Italy
4.3.6 Russia
4.4 Asia Pacific
4.4.1 Asia Pacific LCD Bias Supply Consumption by Region
4.4.2 China
4.4.3 Japan
4.4.4 South Korea
4.4.5 China Taiwan
4.4.6 Southeast Asia
4.4.7 India
4.4.8 Australia
4.5 Latin America
4.5.1 Latin America LCD Bias Supply Consumption by Country
4.5.2 Mexico
4.5.3 Brazil
5 Segment by Type
5.1 Global LCD Bias Supply Production Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
5.2 Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
5.3 Global LCD Bias Supply Price by Type (2017-2022)
6 Segment by Application
6.1 Global LCD Bias Supply Production Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
6.2 Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
6.3 Global LCD Bias Supply Price by Application (2017-2022)
7 Key Companies Profiled
7.1 Texas Instruments
7.1.1 Texas Instruments LCD Bias Supply Corporation Information
7.1.2 Texas Instruments LCD Bias Supply Product Portfolio
7.1.3 Texas Instruments LCD Bias Supply Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.1.4 Texas Instruments Main Business and Markets Served
7.1.5 Texas Instruments Recent Developments/Updates
7.2 Monolithic Power Systems (MPS)
7.2.1 Monolithic Power Systems (MPS) LCD Bias Supply Corporation Information
7.2.2 Monolithic Power Systems (MPS) LCD Bias Supply Product Portfolio
7.2.3 Monolithic Power Systems (MPS) LCD Bias Supply Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.2.4 Monolithic Power Systems (MPS) Main Business and Markets Served
7.2.5 Monolithic Power Systems (MPS) Recent Developments/Updates
7.3 Analog Devices (ADI)
7.3.1 Analog Devices (ADI) LCD Bias Supply Corporation Information
7.3.2 Analog Devices (ADI) LCD Bias Supply Product Portfolio
7.3.3 Analog Devices (ADI) LCD Bias Supply Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.3.4 Analog Devices (ADI) Main Business and Markets Served
7.3.5 Analog Devices (ADI) Recent Developments/Updates
7.4 Kinetic Technologies
7.4.1 Kinetic Technologies LCD Bias Supply Corporation Information
7.4.2 Kinetic Technologies LCD Bias Supply Product Portfolio
7.4.3 Kinetic Technologies LCD Bias Supply Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.4.4 Kinetic Technologies Main Business and Markets Served
7.4.5 Kinetic Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
7.5 Richtek
7.5.1 Richtek LCD Bias Supply Corporation Information
7.5.2 Richtek LCD Bias Supply Product Portfolio
7.5.3 Richtek LCD Bias Supply Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
7.5.4 Richtek Main Business and Markets Served
7.5.5 Richtek Recent Developments/Updates
8 LCD Bias Supply Manufacturing Cost Analysis
8.1 LCD Bias Supply Key Raw Materials Analysis
8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
8.1.2 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of LCD Bias Supply
8.4 LCD Bias Supply Industrial Chain Analysis
9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers
9.1 Marketing Channel
9.2 LCD Bias Supply Distributors List
9.3 LCD Bias Supply Customers
10 Market Dynamics
10.1 LCD Bias Supply Industry Trends
10.2 LCD Bias Supply Market Drivers
10.3 LCD Bias Supply Market Challenges
10.4 LCD Bias Supply Market Restraints
11 Production and Supply Forecast
11.1 Global Forecasted Production of LCD Bias Supply by Region (2023-2028)
11.2 North America LCD Bias Supply Production, Revenue Forecast (2023-2028)
11.3 Europe LCD Bias Supply Production, Revenue Forecast (2023-2028)
11.4 China LCD Bias Supply Production, Revenue Forecast (2023-2028)
11.5 Japan LCD Bias Supply Production, Revenue Forecast (2023-2028)
11.6 South Korea LCD Bias Supply Production, Revenue Forecast (2023-2028)
12 Consumption and Demand Forecast
12.1 Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of LCD Bias Supply
12.2 North America Forecasted Consumption of LCD Bias Supply by Country
12.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of LCD Bias Supply by Country
12.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecasted Consumption of LCD Bias Supply by Region
12.5 Latin America Forecasted Consumption of LCD Bias Supply by Country
13 Forecast by Type and by Application (2023-2028)
13.1 Global Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
13.1.1 Global Forecasted Production of LCD Bias Supply by Type (2023-2028)
13.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of LCD Bias Supply by Type (2023-2028)
13.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of LCD Bias Supply by Type (2023-2028)
13.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of LCD Bias Supply by Application (2023-2028)
13.2.1 Global Forecasted Production of LCD Bias Supply by Application (2023-2028)
13.2.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of LCD Bias Supply by Application (2023-2028)
13.2.3 Global Forecasted Price of LCD Bias Supply by Application (2023-2028)
14 Research Finding and Conclusion
15 Methodology and Data Source
15.1 Methodology/Research Approach
15.1.1 Research Programs/Design
15.1.2 Market Size Estimation
15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
15.2 Data Source
15.2.1 Secondary Sources
15.2.2 Primary Sources
15.3 Author List
15.4 Disclaimer
List of TablesTable 1. Global LCD Bias Supply Market Size by Type (K Units) & (US$ Million) (2022 VS 2028)
Table 2. Global LCD Bias Supply Market Size by Application (K Units) & (US$ Million) (2022 VS 2028)
Table 3. LCD Bias Supply Market Size Comparison by Region: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Table 4. Global LCD Bias Supply Production by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 5. Global LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units) by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 6. Global LCD Bias Supply Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 7. Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue by Manufacturers (2017-2022) & (US$ Million)
Table 8. Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in LCD Bias Supply as of 2021)
Table 10. Global Market LCD Bias Supply Average Price (US$/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2017-2022)
Table 11. Manufacturers LCD Bias Supply Production Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers LCD Bias Supply Product Types
Table 13. Global LCD Bias Supply Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 15. Global LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units) by Region (2017-2022)
Table 16. Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue (US$ Million) by Region (2017-2022)
Table 17. Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 18. Global LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 19. North America LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 20. Europe LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 21. China LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 22. Japan LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 23. South Korea LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 24. Global LCD Bias Supply Consumption Market by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 25. Global LCD Bias Supply Consumption Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 26. North America LCD Bias Supply Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 27. Europe LCD Bias Supply Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 28. Asia Pacific LCD Bias Supply Consumption by Region (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 29. Latin America LCD Bias Supply Consumption by Country (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 30. Global LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units) by Type (2017-2022)
Table 31. Global LCD Bias Supply Production Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table 32. Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2017-2022)
Table 33. Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue Share by Type (2017-2022)
Table 34. Global LCD Bias Supply Price (US$/Unit) by Type (2017-2022)
Table 35. Global LCD Bias Supply Production by Application (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Table 36. Global LCD Bias Supply Production Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table 37. Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue (US$ Million) by Application (2017-2022)
Table 38. Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table 39. Global LCD Bias Supply Price (US$/Unit) by Application (2017-2022)
Table 40. Texas Instruments LCD Bias Supply Corporation Information
Table 41. Texas Instruments Specification and Application
Table 42. Texas Instruments LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 43. Texas Instruments Main Business and Markets Served
Table 44. Texas Instruments Recent Developments/Updates
Table 45. Monolithic Power Systems (MPS) LCD Bias Supply Corporation Information
Table 46. Monolithic Power Systems (MPS) Specification and Application
Table 47. Monolithic Power Systems (MPS) LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 48. Monolithic Power Systems (MPS) Main Business and Markets Served
Table 49. Monolithic Power Systems (MPS) Recent Developments/Updates
Table 50. Analog Devices (ADI) LCD Bias Supply Corporation Information
Table 51. Analog Devices (ADI) Specification and Application
Table 52. Analog Devices (ADI) LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 53. Analog Devices (ADI) Main Business and Markets Served
Table 54. Analog Devices (ADI) Recent Developments/Updates
Table 55. Kinetic Technologies LCD Bias Supply Corporation Information
Table 56. Kinetic Technologies Specification and Application
Table 57. Kinetic Technologies LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 58. Kinetic Technologies Main Business and Markets Served
Table 59. Kinetic Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
Table 60. Richtek LCD Bias Supply Corporation Information
Table 61. Richtek Specification and Application
Table 62. Richtek LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (US$/Unit) and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table 63. Richtek Main Business and Markets Served
Table 64. Richtek Recent Developments/Updates
Table 65. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Table 66. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Table 67. LCD Bias Supply Distributors List
Table 68. LCD Bias Supply Customers List
Table 69. LCD Bias Supply Market Trends
Table 70. LCD Bias Supply Market Drivers
Table 71. LCD Bias Supply Market Challenges
Table 72. LCD Bias Supply Market Restraints
Table 73. Global LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
Table 74. North America LCD Bias Supply Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 75. Europe LCD Bias Supply Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 76. Asia Pacific LCD Bias Supply Consumption Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 77. Latin America LCD Bias Supply Consumption Forecast by Country (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 78. Global LCD Bias Supply Production Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 79. Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 80. Global LCD Bias Supply Price Forecast by Type (2023-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Table 81. Global LCD Bias Supply Production Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (K Units)
Table 82. Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (US$ Million)
Table 83. Global LCD Bias Supply Price Forecast by Application (2023-2028) & (US$/Unit)
Table 84. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 85. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 86. Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of FiguresFigure 1. Product Picture of LCD Bias Supply
Figure 2. Global LCD Bias Supply Market Share by Type: 2022 VS 2028
Figure 3. QFN Packages Product Picture
Figure 4. TSSOP Packages Product Picture
Figure 5. QSOP Packages Product Picture
Figure 6. Others Product Picture
Figure 7. Global LCD Bias Supply Market Share by Application: 2022 VS 2028
Figure 8. Smartphone
Figure 9. Tablet
Figure 10. LCD TV
Figure 11. General Dual Power Supply Applications
Figure 12. Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
Figure 13. Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue (US$ Million) (2017-2028)
Figure 14. Global LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units) & (2017-2028)
Figure 15. North America LCD Bias Supply Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
Figure 16. Europe LCD Bias Supply Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
Figure 17. China LCD Bias Supply Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
Figure 18. Japan LCD Bias Supply Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
Figure 19. South Korea LCD Bias Supply Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2017-2028)
Figure 20. LCD Bias Supply Production Share by Manufacturers in 2021
Figure 21. Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2021
Figure 22. LCD Bias Supply Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2017 VS 2021
Figure 23. Global Market LCD Bias Supply Average Price (US$/Unit) of Key Manufacturers in 2021
Figure 24. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by LCD Bias Supply Revenue in 2021
Figure 25. Global LCD Bias Supply Production Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure 26. North America LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure 27. Europe LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure 28. China LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure 29. Japan LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure 30. South Korea LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2017-2022)
Figure 31. Global LCD Bias Supply Consumption Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Figure 32. North America LCD Bias Supply Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 33. North America LCD Bias Supply Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021
Figure 34. Canada LCD Bias Supply Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 35. U.S. LCD Bias Supply Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 36. Europe LCD Bias Supply Consumption Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 37. Europe LCD Bias Supply Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021
Figure 38. Germany LCD Bias Supply Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 39. France LCD Bias Supply Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 40. U.K. LCD Bias Supply Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 41. Italy LCD Bias Supply Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 42. Russia LCD Bias Supply Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 43. Asia Pacific LCD Bias Supply Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 44. Asia Pacific LCD Bias Supply Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2021
Figure 45. China LCD Bias Supply Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 46. Japan LCD Bias Supply Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 47. South Korea LCD Bias Supply Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 48. China Taiwan LCD Bias Supply Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 49. Southeast Asia LCD Bias Supply Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 50. India LCD Bias Supply Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 51. Australia LCD Bias Supply Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 52. Latin America LCD Bias Supply Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 53. Latin America LCD Bias Supply Consumption Market Share by Country in 2021
Figure 54. Mexico LCD Bias Supply Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 55. Brazil LCD Bias Supply Consumption and Growth Rate (2017-2022) & (K Units)
Figure 56. Production Market Share of LCD Bias Supply by Type (2017-2022)
Figure 57. Production Market Share of LCD Bias Supply by Type in 2021
Figure 58. Revenue Share of LCD Bias Supply by Type (2017-2022)
Figure 59. Revenue Market Share of LCD Bias Supply by Type in 2021
Figure 60. Production Market Share of LCD Bias Supply by Application (2017-2022)
Figure 61. Production Market Share of LCD Bias Supply by Application in 2021
Figure 62. Revenue Share of LCD Bias Supply by Application (2017-2022)
Figure 63. Revenue Market Share of LCD Bias Supply by Application in 2021
Figure 64. Manufacturing Cost Structure of LCD Bias Supply
Figure 65. Manufacturing Process Analysis of LCD Bias Supply
Figure 66. LCD Bias Supply Industrial Chain Analysis
Figure 67. Channels of Distribution
Figure 68. Distributors Profiles
Figure 69. Global LCD Bias Supply Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
Figure 70. North America LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure 71. Europe LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure 72. China LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure 73. Japan LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure 74. South Korea LCD Bias Supply Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
Figure 75. Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of LCD Bias Supply (2017-2028) & (K Units)
Figure 76. Global LCD Bias Supply Production Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
Figure 77. Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
Figure 78. Global LCD Bias Supply Production Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
Figure 79. Global LCD Bias Supply Revenue Market Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
Figure 80. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 81. Data Triangulation