Global Laundry Care Agent Market Professional Survey Report 2019
Table of ContentsExecutive Summary
1 Industry Overview of Laundry Care Agent
1.1 Definition of Laundry Care Agent
1.2 Laundry Care Agent Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
1.2.2 Fabric Softeners
1.2.3 Laundry Detergents
1.2.4 Others
1.3 Laundry Care Agent Segment by Applications
1.3.1 Global Laundry Care Agent Consumption Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
1.3.2 Household
1.3.3 Commercial
1.3.4 Others
1.4 Global Laundry Care Agent Overall Market
1.4.1 Global Laundry Care Agent Revenue (2014-2025)
1.4.2 Global Laundry Care Agent Production (2014-2025)
1.4.3 North America Laundry Care Agent Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.4 Europe Laundry Care Agent Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.5 China Laundry Care Agent Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.6 Japan Laundry Care Agent Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Laundry Care Agent Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
1.4.8 India Laundry Care Agent Status and Prospect (2014-2025)
2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Laundry Care Agent
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Laundry Care Agent
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Laundry Care Agent
3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Laundry Care Agent
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date
3.2 Global Laundry Care Agent Manufacturing Plants Distribution
3.3 Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position of Laundry Care Agent
3.4 Recent Development and Expansion Plans
4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers
4.1 Laundry Care Agent Production and Capacity Analysis
4.2 Laundry Care Agent Revenue Analysis
4.3 Laundry Care Agent Price Analysis
4.4 Market Concentration Degree
5 Laundry Care Agent Regional Market Analysis
5.1 Laundry Care Agent Production by Regions
5.1.1 Global Laundry Care Agent Production by Regions
5.1.2 Global Laundry Care Agent Revenue by Regions
5.2 Laundry Care Agent Consumption by Regions
5.3 North America Laundry Care Agent Market Analysis
5.3.1 North America Laundry Care Agent Production
5.3.2 North America Laundry Care Agent Revenue
5.3.3 Key Manufacturers in North America
5.3.4 North America Laundry Care Agent Import and Export
5.4 Europe Laundry Care Agent Market Analysis
5.4.1 Europe Laundry Care Agent Production
5.4.2 Europe Laundry Care Agent Revenue
5.4.3 Key Manufacturers in Europe
5.4.4 Europe Laundry Care Agent Import and Export
5.5 China Laundry Care Agent Market Analysis
5.5.1 China Laundry Care Agent Production
5.5.2 China Laundry Care Agent Revenue
5.5.3 Key Manufacturers in China
5.5.4 China Laundry Care Agent Import and Export
5.6 Japan Laundry Care Agent Market Analysis
5.6.1 Japan Laundry Care Agent Production
5.6.2 Japan Laundry Care Agent Revenue
5.6.3 Key Manufacturers in Japan
5.6.4 Japan Laundry Care Agent Import and Export
5.7 Southeast Asia Laundry Care Agent Market Analysis
5.7.1 Southeast Asia Laundry Care Agent Production
5.7.2 Southeast Asia Laundry Care Agent Revenue
5.7.3 Key Manufacturers in Southeast Asia
5.7.4 Southeast Asia Laundry Care Agent Import and Export
5.8 India Laundry Care Agent Market Analysis
5.8.1 India Laundry Care Agent Production
5.8.2 India Laundry Care Agent Revenue
5.8.3 Key Manufacturers in India
5.8.4 India Laundry Care Agent Import and Export
6 Laundry Care Agent Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global Laundry Care Agent Production by Type
6.2 Global Laundry Care Agent Revenue by Type
6.3 Laundry Care Agent Price by Type
7 Laundry Care Agent Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global Laundry Care Agent Consumption by Application
7.2 Global Laundry Care Agent Consumption Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
8 Laundry Care Agent Major Manufacturers Analysis
8.1 Procter & Gamble Co.
8.1.1 Procter & Gamble Co. Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
8.1.2 Procter & Gamble Co. Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.1.3 Procter & Gamble Co. Laundry Care Agent Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.2 Unilever PLC
8.2.1 Unilever PLC Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
8.2.2 Unilever PLC Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.2.3 Unilever PLC Laundry Care Agent Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.3 Colgate-Palmolive Company
8.3.1 Colgate-Palmolive Company Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
8.3.2 Colgate-Palmolive Company Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.3.3 Colgate-Palmolive Company Laundry Care Agent Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.4 Henkel AG & Co. KGaA
8.4.1 Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
8.4.2 Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.4.3 Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Laundry Care Agent Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.5 Reckitt Benckiser Group PLC
8.5.1 Reckitt Benckiser Group PLC Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
8.5.2 Reckitt Benckiser Group PLC Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.5.3 Reckitt Benckiser Group PLC Laundry Care Agent Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.6 Amway Corporation
8.6.1 Amway Corporation Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
8.6.2 Amway Corporation Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.6.3 Amway Corporation Laundry Care Agent Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.6.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.7 Kao Corporation
8.7.1 Kao Corporation Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
8.7.2 Kao Corporation Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.7.3 Kao Corporation Laundry Care Agent Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.7.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.8 S.C. Johnson & Son Inc.
8.8.1 S.C. Johnson & Son Inc. Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
8.8.2 S.C. Johnson & Son Inc. Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.8.3 S.C. Johnson & Son Inc. Laundry Care Agent Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.8.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.9 LG Household & Health Care Ltd.
8.9.1 LG Household & Health Care Ltd. Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
8.9.2 LG Household & Health Care Ltd. Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.9.3 LG Household & Health Care Ltd. Laundry Care Agent Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.9.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.10 Golrang Industrial Group
8.10.1 Golrang Industrial Group Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
8.10.2 Golrang Industrial Group Product Introduction, Application and Specification
8.10.3 Golrang Industrial Group Laundry Care Agent Production, Revenue, Ex-factory Price and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
8.10.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8.11 Lion Corporation
8.12 Church & Dwight Co., Inc.
8.13 Alicorp S.A.A.
8.14 Wings Corporation
8.15 Nice Group Co., Ltd.
8.16 Whealthfields Lohmann Guangzhou Ltd.
8.17 RSPL Limited
8.18 Fabrica de Jabon La Corona, SA de CV
8.19 Guangzhou Liby Enterprise Group Co., Ltd.
8.20 Guangzhou Blue Moon Industry Co., Ltd.
9 Development Trend of Analysis of Laundry Care Agent Market
9.1 Global Laundry Care Agent Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global Laundry Care Agent Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast 2019-2025
9.2 Laundry Care Agent Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America Laundry Care Agent Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.2 Europe Laundry Care Agent Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.3 China Laundry Care Agent Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.4 Japan Laundry Care Agent Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.5 Southeast Asia Laundry Care Agent Forecast 2019-2025
9.2.6 India Laundry Care Agent Forecast 2019-2025
9.3 Laundry Care Agent Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Laundry Care Agent Market Trend (Application)
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.3 Laundry Care Agent Customers
11 Market Dynamics
11.1 Market Trends
11.2 Opportunities
11.3 Market Drivers
11.4 Challenges
11.5 Influence Factors
12 Conclusion
13 Appendix
13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
13.2.1 Secondary Sources
13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Author List
13.4 Disclaimer
List of Tables and FiguresFigure Picture of Laundry Care Agent
Table Global Laundry Care Agent Production (K MT) Growth Rate Comparison by Types (2014-2025)
Figure Global Laundry Care Agent Production Market Share by Types in 2018
Figure Fabric Softeners Product Picture
Figure Laundry Detergents Product Picture
Figure Others Product Picture
Table Global Laundry Care Agent Consumption (K MT) Comparison by Applications (2014-2025)
Figure Global Laundry Care Agent Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2018
Figure Household
Figure Commercial
Figure Others
Figure Global Laundry Care Agent Revenue (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Global Laundry Care Agent Production (K MT) (2014-2025)
Figure North America Laundry Care Agent Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Europe Laundry Care Agent Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure China Laundry Care Agent Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Japan Laundry Care Agent Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure Southeast Asia Laundry Care Agent Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Figure India Laundry Care Agent Market Size (Million USD) (2014-2025)
Table Laundry Care Agent Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Laundry Care Agent in 2018
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Laundry Care Agent
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Laundry Care Agent
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Key Manufacturers
Table Global Laundry Care Agent Manufacturing Plants Distribution
Table Laundry Care Agent Major Manufacturers Technology Source and Market Position
Table Recent Development and Expansion Plans in Future
Table Laundry Care Agent Capacity (K MT) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Laundry Care Agent Production (K MT) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Laundry Care Agent Production Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Laundry Care Agent Production Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Laundry Care Agent Revenue (Million US$) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Laundry Care Agent Revenue Market Share of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Laundry Care Agent Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Laundry Care Agent Average Price (USD/MT) of Major Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Global Laundry Care Agent Production by Regions 2014-2019 (K MT)
Table Global Laundry Care Agent Production Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Laundry Care Agent Production Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Laundry Care Agent Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Global Laundry Care Agent Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Laundry Care Agent Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018
Table Global Laundry Care Agent Consumption by Regions 2014-2019 (K MT)
Table Global Laundry Care Agent Consumption Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure North America Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure North America Laundry Care Agent Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table North America Laundry Care Agent Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Europe Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Europe Laundry Care Agent Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Europe Laundry Care Agent Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure China Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure China Laundry Care Agent Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table China Laundry Care Agent Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Japan Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Japan Laundry Care Agent Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Japan Laundry Care Agent Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Laundry Care Agent Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table Southeast Asia Laundry Care Agent Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure India Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure India Laundry Care Agent Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million USD)
Table India Laundry Care Agent Production, Consumption Import and Export (K MT)
Figure Global Consumption Laundry Care Agent Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Value (Consumption) Laundry Care Agent Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Table Procter & Gamble Co. Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table Procter & Gamble Co. Laundry Care Agent Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Procter & Gamble Co. Laundry Care Agent Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Procter & Gamble Co. Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Procter & Gamble Co. Laundry Care Agent Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Procter & Gamble Co. Laundry Care Agent Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Procter & Gamble Co. Laundry Care Agent Main Business and Markets Served
Table Unilever PLC Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table Unilever PLC Laundry Care Agent Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Unilever PLC Laundry Care Agent Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Unilever PLC Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Unilever PLC Laundry Care Agent Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Unilever PLC Laundry Care Agent Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Unilever PLC Laundry Care Agent Main Business and Markets Served
Table Colgate-Palmolive Company Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table Colgate-Palmolive Company Laundry Care Agent Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Colgate-Palmolive Company Laundry Care Agent Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Colgate-Palmolive Company Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Colgate-Palmolive Company Laundry Care Agent Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Colgate-Palmolive Company Laundry Care Agent Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Colgate-Palmolive Company Laundry Care Agent Main Business and Markets Served
Table Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Laundry Care Agent Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Laundry Care Agent Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Laundry Care Agent Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Laundry Care Agent Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Laundry Care Agent Main Business and Markets Served
Table Reckitt Benckiser Group PLC Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table Reckitt Benckiser Group PLC Laundry Care Agent Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Reckitt Benckiser Group PLC Laundry Care Agent Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Reckitt Benckiser Group PLC Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Reckitt Benckiser Group PLC Laundry Care Agent Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Reckitt Benckiser Group PLC Laundry Care Agent Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Reckitt Benckiser Group PLC Laundry Care Agent Main Business and Markets Served
Table Amway Corporation Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table Amway Corporation Laundry Care Agent Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Amway Corporation Laundry Care Agent Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Amway Corporation Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Amway Corporation Laundry Care Agent Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Amway Corporation Laundry Care Agent Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Amway Corporation Laundry Care Agent Main Business and Markets Served
Table Kao Corporation Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table Kao Corporation Laundry Care Agent Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Kao Corporation Laundry Care Agent Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Kao Corporation Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Kao Corporation Laundry Care Agent Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Kao Corporation Laundry Care Agent Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Kao Corporation Laundry Care Agent Main Business and Markets Served
Table S.C. Johnson & Son Inc. Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table S.C. Johnson & Son Inc. Laundry Care Agent Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table S.C. Johnson & Son Inc. Laundry Care Agent Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table S.C. Johnson & Son Inc. Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table S.C. Johnson & Son Inc. Laundry Care Agent Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure S.C. Johnson & Son Inc. Laundry Care Agent Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table S.C. Johnson & Son Inc. Laundry Care Agent Main Business and Markets Served
Table LG Household & Health Care Ltd. Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table LG Household & Health Care Ltd. Laundry Care Agent Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table LG Household & Health Care Ltd. Laundry Care Agent Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table LG Household & Health Care Ltd. Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table LG Household & Health Care Ltd. Laundry Care Agent Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure LG Household & Health Care Ltd. Laundry Care Agent Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table LG Household & Health Care Ltd. Laundry Care Agent Main Business and Markets Served
Table Golrang Industrial Group Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table Golrang Industrial Group Laundry Care Agent Product Introduction, Application and Specification
Table Golrang Industrial Group Laundry Care Agent Production (K MT), Revenue (Million USD), Ex-factory Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Golrang Industrial Group Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Golrang Industrial Group Laundry Care Agent Production Market Share (2014-2019)
Figure Golrang Industrial Group Laundry Care Agent Revenue Market Share (2014-2019)
Table Golrang Industrial Group Laundry Care Agent Main Business and Markets Served
Table Lion Corporation Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table Church & Dwight Co., Inc. Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table Alicorp S.A.A. Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table Wings Corporation Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table Nice Group Co., Ltd. Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table Whealthfields Lohmann Guangzhou Ltd. Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table RSPL Limited Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table Fabrica de Jabon La Corona, SA de CV Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table Guangzhou Liby Enterprise Group Co., Ltd. Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Table Guangzhou Blue Moon Industry Co., Ltd. Laundry Care Agent Production Sites and Area Served
Figure Global Laundry Care Agent Production (K MT) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Laundry Care Agent Revenue (Million USD) Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025
Figure Global Laundry Care Agent Sales Price (USD/MT) Forecast 2019-2025
Figure North America Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure North America Laundry Care Agent Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Europe Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Europe Laundry Care Agent Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure China Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure China Laundry Care Agent Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Japan Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Japan Laundry Care Agent Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure Southeast Asia Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Laundry Care Agent Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Figure India Laundry Care Agent Production Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure India Laundry Care Agent Revenue Growth Rate Forecast 2019-2025 (Million USD)
Table Global Production (K MT) of Laundry Care Agent by Type (2019-2025)
Table Global Consumption (K MT) of Laundry Care Agent by Application (2019-2025)
Table Laundry Care Agent Distributors List
Table Laundry Care Agent Customers List
Table Market Key Trends
Table Key Opportunities
Table Market Key Drivers
Table Key Challenges
Table Key Influence Factors
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources