Global Crotonaldehyde Market Research Report 2020
Table of Contents1 Crotonaldehyde Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Crotonaldehyde
1.2 Crotonaldehyde Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Crotonaldehyde Production Growth Rate Comparison by Type 2020 VS 2026
1.2.2 0.99
1.2.3 Others
1.3 Crotonaldehyde Segment by Application
1.3.1 Crotonaldehyde Consumption Comparison by Application: 2020 VS 2026
1.3.2 Production of crotonic acid
1.3.3 Production of thiophenes
1.3.4 Pyridines
1.3.5 Pharmaceuticals
1.3.6 Dyes and pesticides
1.4 Global Crotonaldehyde Market by Region
1.4.1 Global Crotonaldehyde Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2020 VS 2026
1.4.2 North America Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)
1.4.3 Europe Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)
1.4.4 China Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)
1.4.5 Japan Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)
1.5 Global Crotonaldehyde Growth Prospects
1.5.1 Global Crotonaldehyde Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)
1.5.2 Global Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)
1.5.3 Global Crotonaldehyde Production Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)
2 Market Competition by Manufacturers
2.1 Global Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
2.2 Global Crotonaldehyde Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
2.3 Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)
2.4 Global Crotonaldehyde Average Price by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
2.5 Manufacturers Crotonaldehyde Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types
2.6 Crotonaldehyde Market Competitive Situation and Trends
2.6.1 Crotonaldehyde Market Concentration Rate
2.6.2 Global Top 3 and Top 5 Players Market Share by Revenue
2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
3 Production Capacity by Region
3.1 Global Production Capacity of Crotonaldehyde Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
3.2 Global Crotonaldehyde Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
3.3 Global Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
3.4 North America Crotonaldehyde Production
3.4.1 North America Crotonaldehyde Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.4.2 North America Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
3.5 Europe Crotonaldehyde Production
3.5.1 Europe Crotonaldehyde Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.5.2 Europe Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
3.6 China Crotonaldehyde Production
3.6.1 China Crotonaldehyde Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.6.2 China Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
3.7 Japan Crotonaldehyde Production
3.7.1 Japan Crotonaldehyde Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)
3.7.2 Japan Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
4 Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption by Regions
4.1 Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption by Regions
4.1.1 Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption by Region
4.1.2 Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption Market Share by Region
4.2 North America
4.2.1 North America Crotonaldehyde Consumption by Countries
4.2.2 U.S.
4.2.3 Canada
4.3 Europe
4.3.1 Europe Crotonaldehyde Consumption by Countries
4.3.2 Germany
4.3.3 France
4.3.4 U.K.
4.3.5 Italy
4.3.6 Russia
4.4 Asia Pacific
4.4.1 Asia Pacific Crotonaldehyde Consumption by Region
4.4.2 China
4.4.3 Japan
4.4.4 South Korea
4.4.5 Taiwan
4.4.6 Southeast Asia
4.4.7 India
4.4.8 Australia
4.5 Latin America
4.5.1 Latin America Crotonaldehyde Consumption by Countries
4.5.2 Mexico
4.5.3 Brazil
5 Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type
5.1 Global Crotonaldehyde Production Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
5.2 Global Crotonaldehyde Revenue Market Share by Type (2015-2020)
5.3 Global Crotonaldehyde Price by Type (2015-2020)
5.4 Global Crotonaldehyde Market Share by Price Tier (2015-2020): Low-End, Mid-Range and High-End
6 Global Crotonaldehyde Market Analysis by Application
6.1 Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
6.2 Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2015-2020)
7 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Crotonaldehyde Business
7.1 Celanese
7.1.1 Celanese Crotonaldehyde Production Sites and Area Served
7.1.2 Crotonaldehyde Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.1.3 Celanese Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
7.1.4 Main Business and Markets Served
7.2 Jinyimeng Group
7.2.1 Jinyimeng Group Crotonaldehyde Production Sites and Area Served
7.2.2 Crotonaldehyde Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.2.3 Jinyimeng Group Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
7.2.4 Main Business and Markets Served
7.3 Jilin Songtai Chemical
7.3.1 Jilin Songtai Chemical Crotonaldehyde Production Sites and Area Served
7.3.2 Crotonaldehyde Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.3.3 Jilin Songtai Chemical Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
7.3.4 Main Business and Markets Served
7.4 China Overseas Pioneer Chemicals
7.4.1 China Overseas Pioneer Chemicals Crotonaldehyde Production Sites and Area Served
7.4.2 Crotonaldehyde Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.4.3 China Overseas Pioneer Chemicals Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
7.4.4 Main Business and Markets Served
7.5 Shandong Kunda
7.5.1 Shandong Kunda Crotonaldehyde Production Sites and Area Served
7.5.2 Crotonaldehyde Product Introduction, Application and Specification
7.5.3 Shandong Kunda Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
7.5.4 Main Business and Markets Served
8 Crotonaldehyde Manufacturing Cost Analysis
8.1 Crotonaldehyde Key Raw Materials Analysis
8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
8.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend
8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Crotonaldehyde
8.4 Crotonaldehyde Industrial Chain Analysis
9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers
9.1 Marketing Channel
9.2 Crotonaldehyde Distributors List
9.3 Crotonaldehyde Customers
10 Market Dynamics
10.1 Market Trends
10.2 Opportunities and Drivers
10.3 Challenges
10.4 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
11 Production and Supply Forecast
11.1 Global Forecasted Production of Crotonaldehyde (2021-2026)
11.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Crotonaldehyde (2021-2026)
11.3 Global Forecasted Price of Crotonaldehyde (2021-2026)
11.4 Global Crotonaldehyde Production Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
11.4.1 North America Crotonaldehyde Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
11.4.2 Europe Crotonaldehyde Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
11.4.3 China Crotonaldehyde Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
11.4.4 Japan Crotonaldehyde Production, Revenue Forecast (2021-2026)
12 Consumption and Demand Fprecast
12.1 Global Forecasted and Consumption Demand Analysis of Crotonaldehyde
12.2 North America Forecasted Consumption of Crotonaldehyde by Country
12.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Crotonaldehyde by Country
12.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecasted Consumption of Crotonaldehyde by Regions
12.5 Latin America Forecasted Consumption of Crotonaldehyde
13 Forecast by Type and by Application (2021-2026)
13.1 Global Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
13.1.1 Global Forecasted Production of Crotonaldehyde by Type (2021-2026)
13.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Crotonaldehyde by Type (2021-2026)
13.1.2 Global Forecasted Price of Crotonaldehyde by Type (2021-2026)
13.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Crotonaldehyde by Application (2021-2026)
14 Reseach Finding and Conclusion
15 Methodology and Data Source
15.1 Methodology/Research Approach
15.1.1 Research Programs/Design
15.1.2 Market Size Estimation
15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
15.2 Data Source
15.2.1 Secondary Sources
15.2.2 Primary Sources
15.3 Author List
15.4 Disclaimer
List of TablesTable 1. Global Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) Growth Rate Comparison by Type (2015-2026)
Table 2. Global Crotonaldehyde Market Size by Type (K MT) (US$ Million) (2020 VS 2026)
Table 3. Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption (K MT) Comparison by Application: 2020 VS 2026
Table 4. Global Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) by Manufacturers
Table 5. Global Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
Table 6. Global Crotonaldehyde Production Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
Table 7. Global Crotonaldehyde Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
Table 8. Global Crotonaldehyde Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)
Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) (based on the Revenue in Crotonaldehyde as of 2019)
Table 10. Global Market Crotonaldehyde Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Manufacturers (2015-2020)
Table 11. Manufacturers Crotonaldehyde Production Sites and Area Served
Table 12. Manufacturers Crotonaldehyde Product Types
Table 13. Global Crotonaldehyde Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 14.Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 15. Global Crotonaldehyde Capacity (K MT) by Region (2015-2020)
Table 16. Global Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) by Region (2015-2020)
Table 17. Global Crotonaldehyde Revenue (Million US$) by Region (2015-2020)
Table 18. Global Crotonaldehyde Revenue Market Share by Region (2015-2020)
Table 19. Global Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 20. North America Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 21. Europe Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 22. China Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 23. Japan Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 24. Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption (K MT) Market by Region (2015-2020)
Table 25. Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption Market Share by Region (2015-2020)
Table 26. North America Crotonaldehyde Consumption by Countries (2015-2020) (K MT)
Table 27. Europe Crotonaldehyde Consumption by Countries (2015-2020) (K MT)
Table 28. Asia Pacific Crotonaldehyde Consumption by Countries (2015-2020) (K MT)
Table 29. Latin America Crotonaldehyde Consumption by Countries (2015-2020) (K MT)
Table 30. Global Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) by Type (2015-2020)
Table 31. Global Crotonaldehyde Production Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 32. Global Crotonaldehyde Revenue (Million US$) by Type (2015-2020)
Table 33. Global Crotonaldehyde Revenue Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table 34. Global Crotonaldehyde Price (USD/MT) by Type (2015-2020)
Table 35. Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption (K MT) by Application (2015-2020)
Table 36. Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Table 37. Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2015-2020)
Table 38. Celanese Crotonaldehyde Production Sites and Area Served
Table 39. Celanese Production Sites and Area Served
Table 40. Celanese Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 41. Celanese Main Business and Markets Served
Table 42. Jinyimeng Group Crotonaldehyde Production Sites and Area Served
Table 43. Jinyimeng Group Production Sites and Area Served
Table 44. Jinyimeng Group Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 45. Jinyimeng Group Main Business and Markets Served
Table 46. Jilin Songtai Chemical Crotonaldehyde Production Sites and Area Served
Table 47. Jilin Songtai Chemical Production Sites and Area Served
Table 48. Jilin Songtai Chemical Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 49. Jilin Songtai Chemical Main Business and Markets Served
Table 50. China Overseas Pioneer Chemicals Crotonaldehyde Production Sites and Area Served
Table 51. China Overseas Pioneer Chemicals Production Sites and Area Served
Table 52. China Overseas Pioneer Chemicals Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 53. China Overseas Pioneer Chemicals Main Business and Markets Served
Table 54. Shandong Kunda Crotonaldehyde Production Sites and Area Served
Table 55. Shandong Kunda Production Sites and Area Served
Table 56. Shandong Kunda Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Table 57. Shandong Kunda Main Business and Markets Served
Table 58. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Table 59. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Table 60. Crotonaldehyde Distributors List
Table 61. Crotonaldehyde Customers List
Table 62. Market Key Trends
Table 63. Key Opportunities and Drivers: Impact Analysis (2021-2026)
Table 64. Key Challenges
Table 65. Global Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) Forecast by Region (2021-2026)
Table 66. North America Crotonaldehyde Consumption Forecast 2021-2026 (K MT) by Country
Table 67. Europe Crotonaldehyde Consumption Forecast 2021-2026 (K MT) by Country
Table 68. Asia Pacific Crotonaldehyde Consumption Forecast 2021-2026 (K MT) by Regions
Table 69. Latin America Crotonaldehyde Consumption Forecast 2021-2026 (K MT) by Country
Table 70. Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption (K MT) Forecast by Regions (2021-2026)
Table 71. Global Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table 72. Global Crotonaldehyde Revenue (Million US$) Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table 73. Global Crotonaldehyde Price (USD/MT) Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Table 74. Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption (K MT) Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Table 75.Research Programs/Design for This Report
Table 76.Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table 77.Key Data Information from Primary Sources
List of FiguresFigure 1. Picture of Crotonaldehyde
Figure 2. Global Crotonaldehyde Production Market Share by Type: 2020 VS 2026
Figure 3. 0.99 Product Picture
Figure 4. Others Product Picture
Figure 5. Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption Market Share by Application: 2020 VS 2026
Figure 6. Production of crotonic acid
Figure 7. Production of thiophenes
Figure 8. Pyridines
Figure 9. Pharmaceuticals
Figure 10. Dyes and pesticides
Figure 11. North America Crotonaldehyde Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate (2015-2026)
Figure 12. Europe Crotonaldehyde Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate (2015-2026)
Figure 13. China Crotonaldehyde Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate (2015-2026)
Figure 14. Japan Crotonaldehyde Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate (2015-2026)
Figure 15. Global Crotonaldehyde Revenue (Million US$) (2015-2026)
Figure 16. Global Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity (K MT) (2015-2026)
Figure 17. Crotonaldehyde Production Share by Manufacturers in 2019
Figure 18. Global Crotonaldehyde Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2019
Figure 19. Crotonaldehyde Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2015 VS 2019
Figure 20. Global Market Crotonaldehyde Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Manufacturers in 2019
Figure 21. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Crotonaldehyde Revenue in 2019
Figure 22. Global Crotonaldehyde Production Market Share by Region (2015-2020)
Figure 23. Global Crotonaldehyde Production Market Share by Region in 2019
Figure 24. Global Crotonaldehyde Revenue Market Share by Region (2015-2020)
Figure 25. Global Crotonaldehyde Revenue Market Share by Region in 2019
Figure 26. Global Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 27. North America Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 28. Europe Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 29. China Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 30. Japan Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure 31. Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption Market Share by Region (2015-2020)
Figure 32. Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption Market Share by Region in 2019
Figure 33. North America Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 34. North America Crotonaldehyde Consumption Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure 35. Canada Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 36. U.S. Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 37. Europe Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 38. Europe Crotonaldehyde Consumption Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure 39. Germany America Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 40. France Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 41. U.K. Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 42. Italy Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 43. Russia Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 44. Asia Pacific Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 45. Asia Pacific Crotonaldehyde Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure 46. China Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 47. Japan Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 48. South Korea Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 49. Taiwan Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 50. Southeast Asia Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 51. India Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 52. Australia Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 53. Latin America Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 54. Latin America Crotonaldehyde Consumption Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure 55. Mexico Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 56. Brazil Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 57. Production Market Share of Crotonaldehyde by Type (2015-2020)
Figure 58. Production Market Share of Crotonaldehyde by Type in 2019
Figure 59. Revenue Share of Crotonaldehyde by Type (2015-2020)
Figure 60. Revenue Market Share of Crotonaldehyde by Type in 2019
Figure 61. Global Crotonaldehyde Production Growth by Type (2015-2020) (K MT)
Figure 62. Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption Market Share by Application (2015-2020)
Figure 63. Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure 64. Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2015-2020)
Figure 65. Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Figure 66. Manufacturing Cost Structure of Crotonaldehyde
Figure 67. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Crotonaldehyde
Figure 68. Crotonaldehyde Industrial Chain Analysis
Figure 69. Channels of Distribution
Figure 70. Distributors Profiles
Figure 71. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Figure 72. Global Crotonaldehyde Production Capacity (K MT) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 73. Global Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 74. Global Crotonaldehyde Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 75. Global Crotonaldehyde Price and Trend Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 76. Global Crotonaldehyde Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2021-2026)
Figure 77. North America Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 78. North America Crotonaldehyde Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 79. Europe Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 80. Europe Crotonaldehyde Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 81. China Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 82. China Crotonaldehyde Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 83. Japan Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 84. Japan Crotonaldehyde Revenue (Million US$) and Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 85. Global Forecasted and Consumption Demand Analysis of Crotonaldehyde
Figure 86. North America Crotonaldehyde Consumption (K MT) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 87. Europe Crotonaldehyde Consumption (K MT) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 88. Asia Pacific Crotonaldehyde Consumption (K MT) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 89. Latin America Crotonaldehyde Consumption (K MT) Growth Rate Forecast (2021-2026)
Figure 90. Global Crotonaldehyde Production (K MT) Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Figure 91. Global Crotonaldehyde Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2021-2026)
Figure 92. Global Crotonaldehyde Consumption Forecast by Application (2021-2026)
Figure 93. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure 94. Data Triangulation