Global (United States, European Union and China) Juice Concentrate Market Research Report 2019-2025
Table of Contents1 Report Overview
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Major Manufacturers Covered in This Report
1.3 Market Segment by Type
1.3.1 Global Juice Concentrate Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2019-2025)
1.3.2 Orange
1.3.3 Apple
1.3.4 Pineapple
1.3.5 Red Grape
1.3.6 Berries
1.3.7 Carrot
1.3.8 Cucumber
1.3.9 Tomato
1.3.10 Onion & Garlic
1.4 Market Segment by Application
1.4.1 Global Juice Concentrate Market Share by Application (2019-2025)
1.4.2 Beverages
1.4.3 Soups & Sauces
1.4.4 Dairy
1.4.5 Bakery & Confectionery
1.4.6 Others
1.5 Study Objectives
1.6 Years Considered
2 Global Growth Trends
2.1 Global Juice Concentrate Market Size
2.1.1 Global Juice Concentrate Revenue 2014-2025
2.1.2 Global Juice Concentrate Sales 2014-2025
2.2 Juice Concentrate Growth Rate by Regions
2.2.1 Global Juice Concentrate Sales by Regions 2014-2019
2.2.2 Global Juice Concentrate Revenue by Regions 2014-2019
2.3 Industry Trends
2.3.1 Market Top Trends
2.3.2 Market Drivers
3 Market Share by Manufacturers
3.1 Juice Concentrate Sales by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Juice Concentrate Sales by Manufacturers 2014-2019
3.1.2 Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Manufacturers 2014-2019
3.2 Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Juice Concentrate Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.2 Juice Concentrate Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.3 Global Juice Concentrate Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.3 Juice Concentrate Price by Manufacturers
3.4 Key Manufacturers Juice Concentrate Plants/Factories Distribution and Area Served
3.5 Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Juice Concentrate Market
3.6 Key Manufacturers Juice Concentrate Product Offered
3.7 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Market Size by Type
4.1 Sales and Revenue for Each Type
4.1.1 Orange Sales and Revenue (2014-2019)
4.1.2 Apple Sales and Revenue (2014-2019)
4.1.3 Pineapple Sales and Revenue (2014-2019)
4.1.4 Red Grape Sales and Revenue (2014-2019)
4.1.5 Berries Sales and Revenue (2014-2019)
4.1.6 Carrot Sales and Revenue (2014-2019)
4.1.7 Cucumber Sales and Revenue (2014-2019)
4.1.8 Tomato Sales and Revenue (2014-2019)
4.1.9 Onion & Garlic Sales and Revenue (2014-2019)
4.2 Global Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Type
4.3 Global Juice Concentrate Revenue Market Share by Type
4.4 Juice Concentrate Price by Type
5 Market Size by Application
5.1 Overview
5.2 Global Juice Concentrate Sales by Application
6 United States
6.1 United States Juice Concentrate Breakdown Data by Company
6.2 United States Juice Concentrate Breakdown Data by Type
6.3 United States Juice Concentrate Breakdown Data by Application
7 European Union
7.1 European Union Juice Concentrate Breakdown Data by Company
7.2 European Union Juice Concentrate Breakdown Data by Type
7.3 European Union Juice Concentrate Breakdown Data by Application
8 China
8.1 China Juice Concentrate Breakdown Data by Company
8.2 China Juice Concentrate Breakdown Data by Type
8.3 China Juice Concentrate Breakdown Data by Application
9 Rest of World
9.1 Rest of World Juice Concentrate Breakdown Data by Company
9.2 Rest of World Juice Concentrate Breakdown Data by Type
9.3 Rest of World Juice Concentrate Breakdown Data by Application
9.4 Rest of World Juice Concentrate Breakdown Data by Countries
9.4.1 Rest of World Juice Concentrate Sales by Countries
9.4.2 Rest of World Juice Concentrate Revenue by Countries
9.4.3 Japan
9.4.4 Korea
9.4.5 India
9.4.6 Southeast Asia
10 Company Profiles
10.1 Agrana Investment
10.1.1 Agrana Investment Company Details
10.1.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.1.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Juice Concentrate
10.1.4 Juice Concentrate Product Introduction
10.1.5 Agrana Investment Recent Development
10.2 Archer Daniels Midland
10.2.1 Archer Daniels Midland Company Details
10.2.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.2.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Juice Concentrate
10.2.4 Juice Concentrate Product Introduction
10.2.5 Archer Daniels Midland Recent Development
10.3 Diana Naturals
10.3.1 Diana Naturals Company Details
10.3.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.3.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Juice Concentrate
10.3.4 Juice Concentrate Product Introduction
10.3.5 Diana Naturals Recent Development
10.4 Doehler
10.4.1 Doehler Company Details
10.4.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.4.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Juice Concentrate
10.4.4 Juice Concentrate Product Introduction
10.4.5 Doehler Recent Development
10.5 Geographic Revenue Mix
10.5.1 Geographic Revenue Mix Company Details
10.5.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.5.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Juice Concentrate
10.5.4 Juice Concentrate Product Introduction
10.5.5 Geographic Revenue Mix Recent Development
10.6 Ingredion
10.6.1 Ingredion Company Details
10.6.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.6.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Juice Concentrate
10.6.4 Juice Concentrate Product Introduction
10.6.5 Ingredion Recent Development
10.7 Kanegrade
10.7.1 Kanegrade Company Details
10.7.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.7.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Juice Concentrate
10.7.4 Juice Concentrate Product Introduction
10.7.5 Kanegrade Recent Development
10.8 SVZ International
10.8.1 SVZ International Company Details
10.8.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.8.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Juice Concentrate
10.8.4 Juice Concentrate Product Introduction
10.8.5 SVZ International Recent Development
10.9 Skypeople Fruit Juice
10.9.1 Skypeople Fruit Juice Company Details
10.9.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.9.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Juice Concentrate
10.9.4 Juice Concentrate Product Introduction
10.9.5 Skypeople Fruit Juice Recent Development
10.10 Sudzucker
10.10.1 Sudzucker Company Details
10.10.2 Company Description and Business Overview
10.10.3 Sales, Revenue and Market Share of Juice Concentrate
10.10.4 Juice Concentrate Product Introduction
10.10.5 Sudzucker Recent Development
10.11 Sunopta
10.12 The Ciatti Company
11 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
11.1 Value Chain Analysis
11.2 Sales Channels Analysis
11.2.1 Juice Concentrate Sales Channels
11.2.2 Juice Concentrate Distributors
11.3 Juice Concentrate Customers
12 Market Forecast
12.1 Global Juice Concentrate Sales and Revenue Forecast 2019-2025
12.2 Global Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast by Type
12.3 Global Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast by Application
12.4 Juice Concentrate Forecast by Regions
12.4.1 Global Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
12.4.2 Global Juice Concentrate Revenue Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
12.5 United States Market Forecast
12.6 European Union Market Forecast
12.7 China Market Forecast
12.8 Rest of World
12.8.1 Japan
12.8.2 Korea
12.8.3 India
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
14 Appendix
14.1 Research Methodology
14.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
14.1.1.1 Research Programs/Design
14.1.1.2 Market Size Estimation
14.1.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
14.1.2 Data Source
14.1.2.1 Secondary Sources
14.1.2.2 Primary Sources
14.2 Author Details
14.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables and FiguresFigure Juice Concentrate Product Picture
Table Juice Concentrate Key Market Segments
Table Major Manufacturers Juice Concentrate Covered in This Report
Table Global Juice Concentrate Market Size Growth Rate by Type 2019-2025 (K MT) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Sales Market Shar by Type 2014-2025
Figure Orange Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Orange
Figure Apple Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Apple
Figure Pineapple Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Pineapple
Figure Red Grape Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Red Grape
Figure Berries Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Berries
Figure Carrot Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Carrot
Figure Cucumber Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Cucumber
Figure Tomato Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Tomato
Figure Onion & Garlic Figures
Table Major Manufacturers of Onion & Garlic
Table Global Juice Concentrate Market Share by Application 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Beverages Use Case
Figure Soups & Sauces Use Case
Figure Dairy Use Case
Figure Bakery & Confectionery Use Case
Figure Others Use Case
Figure Juice Concentrate Report Years Considered
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Market Size 2014-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Sales 2014-2019 (K MT)
Table Global Juice Concentrate Market Size by Regions 2014-2019 (K MT) & (Million US$)
Table Global Juice Concentrate Sales by Regions 2014-2019 (K MT)
Table Global Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Global Juice Concentrate Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Global Juice Concentrate Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Market Top Trends
Table Global Juice Concentrate Sales by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table Global Juice Concentrate Sales Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2019
Table Juice Concentrate Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (Million USD)
Table Juice Concentrate Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Juice Concentrate Value Share by Manufacturers in 2019
Table Global Juice Concentrate Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Key Manufacturers Juice Concentrate Price (2014-2019) (USD/MT)
Table Key Manufacturers Juice Concentrate Plants/Factories Distribution
Table Key Manufacturers Juice Concentrate Area Served
Table Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into Juice Concentrate Market
Table Key Manufacturers Juice Concentrate Product Type
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global Orange Sales and Revenue (2014-2019) (K MT) & (Million US$)
Table Global Apple Sales and Revenue (2014-2019) (K MT) & (Million US$)
Table Global Pineapple Sales and Revenue (2014-2019) (K MT) & (Million US$)
Table Global Red Grape Sales and Revenue (2014-2019) (K MT) & (Million US$)
Table Global Berries Sales and Revenue (2014-2019) (K MT) & (Million US$)
Table Global Carrot Sales and Revenue (2014-2019) (K MT) & (Million US$)
Table Global Cucumber Sales and Revenue (2014-2019) (K MT) & (Million US$)
Table Global Tomato Sales and Revenue (2014-2019) (K MT) & (Million US$)
Table Global Onion & Garlic Sales and Revenue (2014-2019) (K MT) & (Million US$)
Table Global Juice Concentrate Sales by Type (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table Global Juice Concentrate Sales Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Type in 2018
Table Global Juice Concentrate Revenue by Type (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Global Juice Concentrate Revenue Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Revenue Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Revenue Market Share by Type in 2018
Table Juice Concentrate Price by Type 2014-2019 (USD/MT)
Table Global Juice Concentrate Sales by Application (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table Global Juice Concentrate Sales Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Sales Juice Concentrate Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Global Sales Juice Concentrate Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure United States Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure United States Juice Concentrate Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table United States Juice Concentrate Sales by Company (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table United States Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Company (2014-2019)
Figure United States Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Company in 2019
Table United States Juice Concentrate Sales by Type (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table United States Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure United States Juice Concentrate Market Share by Type in 2019
Table United States Juice Concentrate Sales by Application (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table United States Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure United States Juice Concentrate Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure European Union Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure European Union Juice Concentrate Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table European Union Juice Concentrate Sales by Company (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table European Union Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Company (2014-2019)
Figure European Union Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Company in 2019
Table European Union Juice Concentrate Sales by Type (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table European Union Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 European Union Juice Concentrate Market Share by Type
Table European Union Juice Concentrate Sales by Application (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table European Union Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 European Union Juice Concentrate Market Share by Application
Figure China Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure China Juice Concentrate Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table China Juice Concentrate Sales by Company (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table China Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Company (2014-2019)
Figure China Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Company in 2019
Table China Juice Concentrate Sales by Type (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table China Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure China Juice Concentrate Market Share by Type in 2019
Table China Juice Concentrate Sales by Application (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table China Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure China Juice Concentrate Market Share by Application in 2019
Figure Rest of World Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K MT)
Figure Rest of World Juice Concentrate Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Rest of World Juice Concentrate Sales by Company (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table Rest of World Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Company (2014-2019)
Figure Rest of World Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Company in 2019
Table Rest of World Juice Concentrate Sales by Type (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table Rest of World Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Type (2014-2019)
Figure Rest of World Juice Concentrate Market Share by Type in 2019
Table Rest of World Juice Concentrate Sales by Application (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table Rest of World Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019)
Figure Rest of World Juice Concentrate Market Share by Application in 2019
Table Rest of World Juice Concentrate Sales by Countries (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table Rest of World Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Rest of World Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019
Table Rest of World Juice Concentrate Revenue by Countries (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Rest of World Juice Concentrate Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure Rest of World Juice Concentrate Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure Japan Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure Japan Juice Concentrate Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure Korea Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure Korea Juice Concentrate Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure India Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure India Juice Concentrate Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Juice Concentrate Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K MT)
Table Agrana Investment Company Details
Table Agrana Investment Description and Business Overview
Table Agrana Investment Juice Concentrate Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Agrana Investment Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Agrana Investment Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Agrana Investment Recent Development
Table Archer Daniels Midland Company Details
Table Archer Daniels Midland Description and Business Overview
Table Archer Daniels Midland Juice Concentrate Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Archer Daniels Midland Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Archer Daniels Midland Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Archer Daniels Midland Recent Development
Table Diana Naturals Company Details
Table Diana Naturals Description and Business Overview
Table Diana Naturals Juice Concentrate Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Diana Naturals Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Diana Naturals Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Diana Naturals Recent Development
Table Doehler Company Details
Table Doehler Description and Business Overview
Table Doehler Juice Concentrate Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Doehler Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Doehler Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Doehler Recent Development
Table Geographic Revenue Mix Company Details
Table Geographic Revenue Mix Description and Business Overview
Table Geographic Revenue Mix Juice Concentrate Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Geographic Revenue Mix Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Geographic Revenue Mix Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Geographic Revenue Mix Recent Development
Table Ingredion Company Details
Table Ingredion Description and Business Overview
Table Ingredion Juice Concentrate Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Ingredion Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Ingredion Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Ingredion Recent Development
Table Kanegrade Company Details
Table Kanegrade Description and Business Overview
Table Kanegrade Juice Concentrate Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Kanegrade Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Kanegrade Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Kanegrade Recent Development
Table SVZ International Company Details
Table SVZ International Description and Business Overview
Table SVZ International Juice Concentrate Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table SVZ International Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table SVZ International Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table SVZ International Recent Development
Table Skypeople Fruit Juice Company Details
Table Skypeople Fruit Juice Description and Business Overview
Table Skypeople Fruit Juice Juice Concentrate Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Skypeople Fruit Juice Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Skypeople Fruit Juice Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Skypeople Fruit Juice Recent Development
Table Sudzucker Company Details
Table Sudzucker Description and Business Overview
Table Sudzucker Juice Concentrate Sales (K MT), Revenue (Million US$), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Sudzucker Juice Concentrate Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019)
Table Sudzucker Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share in Global Market
Table Sudzucker Recent Development
Table Sunopta Company Details
Table The Ciatti Company Company Details
Figure Juice Concentrate Value Chain
Table Juice Concentrate Distributors List
Table Juice Concentrate Customers List
Table Global Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Revenue Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast by Type 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share Forecast by Type 2019-2025
Table Global Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast by Application 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast by Application 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share Forecast by Application 2019-2025
Table Global Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Sales Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Table Global Juice Concentrate Revenue Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Revenue Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Global Juice Concentrate Revenue Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Figure United States Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure United States Juice Concentrate Revenue Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure European Union Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure European Union Juice Concentrate Revenue Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure China Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure China Juice Concentrate Revenue Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Japan Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Japan Juice Concentrate Revenue Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Korea Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Korea Juice Concentrate Revenue Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure India Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure India Juice Concentrate Revenue Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Southeast Asia Juice Concentrate Sales Forecast 2019-2025 (K MT)
Figure Southeast Asia Juice Concentrate Revenue Forecast 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources