Global Intelligent Pills Market Insights, Forecast to 2025
Table of Contents1 Study Coverage
1.1 Intelligent Pills Product
1.2 Market Segments
1.3 Key Manufacturers Covered
1.4 Market by Type
1.4.1 Global Intelligent Pills Market Size Growth Rate by Product
1.4.2 Heart Rate Monitoring
1.4.3 Respiratory Monitoring
1.4.4 Temperature Monitoring
1.5 Market by End User
1.5.1 Global Intelligent Pills Market Size Growth Rate by End User
1.5.2 Sleeping Disorders
1.5.3 capsule Endoscopy
1.5.4 Reflux Monitoring
1.5.5 Mobility Monitoring
1.5.6 Stress Management
1.5.7 Others
1.6 Study Objectives
1.7 Years Considered
2 Executive Summary
2.1 Global Intelligent Pills Market Size
2.1.1 Global Intelligent Pills Revenue 2014-2025
2.1.2 Global Intelligent Pills Sales 2014-2025
2.2 Intelligent Pills Growth Rate by Regions
2.2.1 Global Intelligent Pills Sales by Regions
2.2.2 Global Intelligent Pills Revenue by Regions
3 Breakdown Data by Manufacturers
3.1 Intelligent Pills Sales by Manufacturers
3.1.1 Intelligent Pills Sales by Manufacturers
3.1.2 Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Manufacturers
3.1.3 Global Intelligent Pills Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
3.2 Intelligent Pills Revenue by Manufacturers
3.2.1 Intelligent Pills Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.2.2 Intelligent Pills Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
3.3 Intelligent Pills Price by Manufacturers
3.4 Intelligent Pills Manufacturing Base Distribution, Product Types
3.4.1 Intelligent Pills Manufacturers Manufacturing Base Distribution, Headquarters
3.4.2 Manufacturers Intelligent Pills Product Type
3.4.3 Date of International Manufacturers Enter into Intelligent Pills Market
3.5 Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
4 Breakdown Data by Product
4.1 Global Intelligent Pills Sales by Product
4.2 Global Intelligent Pills Revenue by Product
4.3 Intelligent Pills Price by Product
5 Breakdown Data by End User
5.1 Overview
5.2 Global Intelligent Pills Breakdown Data by End User
6 North America
6.1 North America Intelligent Pills by Countries
6.1.1 North America Intelligent Pills Sales by Countries
6.1.2 North America Intelligent Pills Revenue by Countries
6.1.3 United States
6.1.4 Canada
6.1.5 Mexico
6.2 North America Intelligent Pills by Product
6.3 North America Intelligent Pills by End User
7 Europe
7.1 Europe Intelligent Pills by Countries
7.1.1 Europe Intelligent Pills Sales by Countries
7.1.2 Europe Intelligent Pills Revenue by Countries
7.1.3 Germany
7.1.4 France
7.1.5 UK
7.1.6 Italy
7.1.7 Russia
7.2 Europe Intelligent Pills by Product
7.3 Europe Intelligent Pills by End User
8 Asia Pacific
8.1 Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills by Countries
8.1.1 Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Sales by Countries
8.1.2 Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Revenue by Countries
8.1.3 China
8.1.4 Japan
8.1.5 Korea
8.1.6 India
8.1.7 Australia
8.1.8 Indonesia
8.1.9 Malaysia
8.1.10 Philippines
8.1.11 Thailand
8.1.12 Vietnam
8.1.13 Singapore
8.2 Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills by Product
8.3 Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills by End User
9 Central & South America
9.1 Central & South America Intelligent Pills by Countries
9.1.1 Central & South America Intelligent Pills Sales by Countries
9.1.2 Central & South America Intelligent Pills Revenue by Countries
9.1.3 Brazil
9.2 Central & South America Intelligent Pills by Product
9.3 Central & South America Intelligent Pills by End User
10 Middle East and Africa
10.1 Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills by Countries
10.1.1 Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Sales by Countries
10.1.2 Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Revenue by Countries
10.1.3 GCC Countries
10.1.4 Turkey
10.1.5 Egypt
10.1.6 South Africa
10.2 Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills by Product
10.3 Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills by End User
11 Company Profiles
11.1 CapsoVision
11.1.1 CapsoVision Company Details
11.1.2 Company Business Overview
11.1.3 CapsoVision Intelligent Pills Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
11.1.4 CapsoVision Intelligent Pills Products Offered
11.1.5 CapsoVision Recent Development
11.2 Given Imaging
11.2.1 Given Imaging Company Details
11.2.2 Company Business Overview
11.2.3 Given Imaging Intelligent Pills Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
11.2.4 Given Imaging Intelligent Pills Products Offered
11.2.5 Given Imaging Recent Development
11.3 Medimetrics
11.3.1 Medimetrics Company Details
11.3.2 Company Business Overview
11.3.3 Medimetrics Intelligent Pills Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
11.3.4 Medimetrics Intelligent Pills Products Offered
11.3.5 Medimetrics Recent Development
11.4 Proteus Biomedical
11.4.1 Proteus Biomedical Company Details
11.4.2 Company Business Overview
11.4.3 Proteus Biomedical Intelligent Pills Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
11.4.4 Proteus Biomedical Intelligent Pills Products Offered
11.4.5 Proteus Biomedical Recent Development
11.5 Lloyds Pharmacy
11.5.1 Lloyds Pharmacy Company Details
11.5.2 Company Business Overview
11.5.3 Lloyds Pharmacy Intelligent Pills Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
11.5.4 Lloyds Pharmacy Intelligent Pills Products Offered
11.5.5 Lloyds Pharmacy Recent Development
12 Future Forecast
12.1 Intelligent Pills Market Forecast by Regions
12.1.1 Global Intelligent Pills Sales Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
12.1.2 Global Intelligent Pills Revenue Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
12.2 Intelligent Pills Market Forecast by Product
12.2.1 Global Intelligent Pills Sales Forecast by Product 2019-2025
12.2.2 Global Intelligent Pills Revenue Forecast by Product 2019-2025
12.3 Intelligent Pills Market Forecast by End User
12.4 North America Intelligent Pills Forecast
12.5 Europe Intelligent Pills Forecast
12.6 Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Forecast
12.7 Central & South America Intelligent Pills Forecast
12.8 Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Forecast
13 Market Opportunities, Challenges, Risks and Influences Factors Analysis
13.1 Market Opportunities and Drivers
13.2 Market Challenges
13.3 Market Risks/Restraints
13.4 Macroscopic Indicators
14 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
14.1 Value Chain Analysis
14.2 Intelligent Pills Customers
14.3 Sales Channels Analysis
14.3.1 Sales Channels
14.3.2 Distributors
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
16.1 Research Methodology
16.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach
16.1.2 Data Source
16.2 Author Details
16.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables and FiguresFigure Intelligent Pills Product Picture
Table Intelligent Pills Market Segments
Table Key Manufacturers Intelligent Pills Covered
Table Global Intelligent Pills Market Size Growth Rate by Product 2019-2025 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Figure Global Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Product 2014-2025
Figure Heart Rate Monitoring Product Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Heart Rate Monitoring
Figure Respiratory Monitoring Product Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Respiratory Monitoring
Figure Temperature Monitoring Product Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Temperature Monitoring
Table Global Intelligent Pills Market Size Growth Rate by End User 2019-2025 (K Units)
Figure Sleeping Disorders
Figure capsule Endoscopy
Figure Reflux Monitoring
Figure Mobility Monitoring
Figure Stress Management
Figure Others
Figure Intelligent Pills Report Years Considered
Figure Global Intelligent Pills Market Size 2014-2025 (Million US$)
Figure Global Intelligent Pills Sales 2014-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Intelligent Pills Market Size by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units) & (Million US$)
Table Global Intelligent Pills Sales by Regions 2014-2019 (K Units)
Table Global Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure 2018 Global Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Regions
Table Global Intelligent Pills Revenue by Regions 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Global Intelligent Pills Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure Global Intelligent Pills Revenue Market Share by Regions 2014-2019
Figure 2018 Global Intelligent Pills Revenue Market Share by Regions
Table Global Intelligent Pills Sales by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Intelligent Pills Sales Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Global Intelligent Pills Sales Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table Intelligent Pills Revenue by Manufacturers (2014-2019) (Million USD)
Table Intelligent Pills Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2014-2019)
Figure Intelligent Pills Value Share by Manufacturers in 2018
Table Key Manufacturers Intelligent Pills Price (2014-2019) (USD/Unit)
Table Intelligent Pills Manufacturers Manufacturing Base Distribution and Headquarters
Table Manufacturers Intelligent Pills Product Type
Table Date of International Manufacturers Enter into Intelligent Pills Market
Table Manufacturers Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global Intelligent Pills Sales by Product (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Intelligent Pills Sales Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure Global Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure Global Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Product in 2018
Table Global Intelligent Pills Revenue by Product (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Global Intelligent Pills Revenue Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure Global Intelligent Pills Revenue Market Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure Global Intelligent Pills Revenue Market Share by Product in 2018
Table Intelligent Pills Price by Product 2014-2019 (USD/Unit)
Table Global Intelligent Pills Sales by End User (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Global Intelligent Pills Sales Share by End User (2014-2019)
Figure Global Sales Intelligent Pills Market Share by End User (2014-2019)
Figure Global Sales Intelligent Pills Market Share by End User in 2018
Figure North America Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure North America Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table North America Intelligent Pills Sales by Countries (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table North America Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 North America Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Countries
Table North America Intelligent Pills Revenue by Countries (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table North America Intelligent Pills Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 North America Intelligent Pills Revenue Market Share by Countries
Figure United States Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure United States Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Canada Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Canada Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Mexico Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Mexico Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table North America Intelligent Pills Sales by Product (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table North America Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 North America Intelligent Pills Market Share by Product
Table North America Intelligent Pills Sales by End User (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table North America Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by End User (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 North America Intelligent Pills Market Share by End User
Figure Europe Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Europe Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Europe Intelligent Pills Sales by Countries (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Europe Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Europe Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Countries
Table Europe Intelligent Pills Revenue by Countries (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Europe Intelligent Pills Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Europe Intelligent Pills Revenue Market Share by Countries
Figure Germany Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Germany Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure France Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure France Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure UK Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure UK Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Italy Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Italy Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Russia Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Russia Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Europe Intelligent Pills Sales by Product (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Europe Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Europe Intelligent Pills Market Share by Product
Table Europe Intelligent Pills Sales by End User (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Europe Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by End User (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Europe Intelligent Pills Market Share by End User
Figure Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Sales by Countries (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Countries
Table Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Revenue by Countries (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Revenue Market Share by Countries
Figure China Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure China Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Japan Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Japan Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Korea Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Korea Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure India Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure India Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Australia Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Australia Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Indonesia Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Indonesia Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Malaysia Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Malaysia Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Philippines Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Philippines Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Thailand Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Thailand Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Vietnam Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Vietnam Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Singapore Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Singapore Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Sales by Product (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Market Share by Product
Table Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Sales by End User (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by End User (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Market Share by End User
Figure Central & South America Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Central & South America Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Central & South America Intelligent Pills Sales by Countries (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Central & South America Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Central & South America Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Countries
Table Central & South America Intelligent Pills Revenue by Countries (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Central & South America Intelligent Pills Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Central & South America Intelligent Pills Revenue Market Share by Countries
Figure Brazil Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Brazil Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Argentina Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Argentina Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Central & South America Intelligent Pills Sales by Product (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Central & South America Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Central & South America Intelligent Pills Market Share by Product
Table Central & South America Intelligent Pills Sales by End User (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Central & South America Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by End User (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Central & South America Intelligent Pills Market Share by End User
Figure Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate 2014-2019 (K Units)
Figure Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate 2014-2019 (Million US$)
Table Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Sales by Countries (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Countries
Table Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Revenue by Countries (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Revenue Market Share by Countries
Figure GCC Countries Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure GCC Countries Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Turkey Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Turkey Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure Egypt Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure Egypt Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Figure South Africa Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate (2014-2019) (K Units)
Figure South Africa Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate (2014-2019) (Million US$)
Table Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Sales by Product (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by Product (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Market Share by Product
Table Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Sales by End User (2014-2019) (K Units)
Table Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share by End User (2014-2019)
Figure 2018 Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Market Share by End User
Table CapsoVision Company Details
Table CapsoVision Intelligent Pills Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table CapsoVision Recent Development
Table Given Imaging Company Details
Table Given Imaging Intelligent Pills Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Given Imaging Recent Development
Table Medimetrics Company Details
Table Medimetrics Intelligent Pills Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Medimetrics Recent Development
Table Proteus Biomedical Company Details
Table Proteus Biomedical Intelligent Pills Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Proteus Biomedical Recent Development
Table Lloyds Pharmacy Company Details
Table Lloyds Pharmacy Intelligent Pills Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2014-2019)
Table Lloyds Pharmacy Recent Development
Table Global Intelligent Pills Sales Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Table Global Intelligent Pills Revenue Forecast by Regions 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Intelligent Pills Revenue Market Share Forecast by Regions 2019-2025
Table Global Intelligent Pills Sales Forecast by Product 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share Forecast by Product 2019-2025
Table Global Intelligent Pills Revenue Forecast by Product 2019-2025 (Million US$)
Table Global Intelligent Pills Revenue Market Share Forecast by Product 2019-2025
Table Global Intelligent Pills Sales Forecast by End User 2019-2025 (K Units)
Table Global Intelligent Pills Sales Market Share Forecast by End User 2019-2025
Figure North America Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (K Units)
Figure North America Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Figure Europe Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (K Units)
Figure Europe Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Figure Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (K Units)
Figure Asia Pacific Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Figure Central & South America Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (K Units)
Figure Central & South America Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Figure Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Sales Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (K Units)
Figure Middle East and Africa Intelligent Pills Revenue Growth Rate Forecast (2019-2025) (Million US$)
Table Intelligent Pills Value Chain
Table Intelligent Pills Customers List
Table Intelligent Pills Distributors List
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources